中国疾病预防控制中心周报最新文献

{"title":"Pathogen Access and Benefit-Sharing: Can the WHO Pandemic Agreement Bridge the Equity Divide?","authors":"Long Chen","doi":"10.46234/ccdcw2026.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46234/ccdcw2026.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The adoption of the WHO Pandemic Agreement in May 2025 marks a pivotal shift toward institutionalizing global pandemic governance. Anchored in principles of equity, solidarity, and human rights, the agreement establishes a Pathogen Access and Benefit-Sharing (PABS) System, which aims to ensure equitable access to pandemic-related health products (PRHPs). However, operational ambiguities - particularly in defining pathogen scope, integrating traditional knowledge, enforcing manufacturer obligations, and coordinating with multilateral frameworks like the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Nagoya Protocol - pose significant implementation risks. Crucially, the agreement's effectiveness is intertwined with broader health system resilience. However, specific provisions for PABS integration within a strengthened health system architecture remain underdeveloped. Moreover, critical gaps persist regarding financing, compliance, One Health integration, digital governance, community engagement, and alignment with broader health systems. The success of the agreement hinges on resolving these gaps through subsequent protocols and sustained political commitment.</p>","PeriodicalId":69039,"journal":{"name":"中国疾病预防控制中心周报","volume":"8 3","pages":"55-57"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12982117/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147470447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the Rapid Fluorescent Focus Inhibition Test for Rabies Virus Neutralizing Antibodies - China, 2025.","authors":"Zixin Fang, Xiaoyan Tao, Shuqing Liu, Qian Liu, Minghui Zhang, Nuo Yang, Zeheng Hu, Tom Jin, Eric Tsao, Pengcheng Yu, Wuyang Zhu","doi":"10.46234/ccdcw2026.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46234/ccdcw2026.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT) is a cell-based virus neutralization assay and the gold standard for quantifying rabies virus neutralizing antibodies (RVNA) in serums. It is used to assess the biological efficacy of rabies vaccines and evaluate protective immunity in both humans and animals. Despite its broad application, RFFIT requires thorough validation to ensure reliability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>RFFIT was validated in this study using the third World Health Organization international standard for anti-rabies immunoglobulin (WHO-3 SRIG) and negative human sera. The validation followed the guidelines outlined by the Food and Drug Administration Guidance for Industry and International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH)Q2 (R1) guidelines and included the assessment of intra-assay and intermediate precision, dilutability, linearity, range, accuracy, specificity, robustness, and stability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The RFFIT method demonstrated good precision, with intra-assay and intermediate-precision geometric coefficient of variation (GCV) <30%. Dilutability was confirmed, with 95% of positive samples showing geometric mean concentration (GMC) differences within ±30% compared to undiluted controls. The standard and detection values were described by <i>y</i>=1.0091<i>x</i> - 0.1128 (R²⁼0.9948); 95.56% of the samples showed 70%-130% recovery. Specificity was verified using homologous and heterologous antigen competition and a matrix with no significant cross-reactivity. The assay was robust to variations in cells, reagents, and time, with titer differences within ±30%. Stability of samples and reagents under freeze-thaw and different short-term storage conditions was confirmed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The assay was successfully validated for quantifying RVNA content in serum samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":69039,"journal":{"name":"中国疾病预防控制中心周报","volume":"8 3","pages":"64-70"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12982118/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147470442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning Models for Predicting Latent Tuberculosis Infection Risk in Close Contacts of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis - Henan Province, China, 2024.","authors":"Dingyong Sun, Xuan Wu, Yanqiu Zhang, Weidong Wang, Mengya He, Linqi Diao","doi":"10.46234/ccdcw2026.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46234/ccdcw2026.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>We explored risk factors for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and developed a risk prediction model using machine learning algorithms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with active pulmonary TB in months 3 to 6 of anti-TB treatment in Henan Province, China, July-September 2024 were selected as index cases. Close contacts identified through epidemiological investigation underwent tuberculin-purified protein derivative testing to determine LTBI status. Face-to-face questionnaires were conducted to collect epidemiological data. The dataset was divided into training and testing sets (6:4), using a fixed random seed. Five models - logistic regression (LR), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), support vector machines (SVM), and multilayer perceptron (MLP) - were trained and evaluated using the mean squared error (MSE) and coefficient of determination. The test set was subjected to external validation. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, area under the curve (AUC), and F1-scores were used to quantify predictive performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 795 close contacts, LTBI prevalence was 401 (50.5%). By MSE, models ranked: SVM (0.121), RF (0.165), DT (0.197), LR (0.229), and MLP (0.233). SVM identified five key predictors: contact type of index case, key population classification, residential area, frequency of participation in group activities, and etiological results. Internal validation showed strong performance (AUC=0.921, F1=0.858), whereas external validation showed moderate performance (AUC=0.752, F1=0.694).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The SVM model incorporating contact type of index case, key population classification, residential area, frequency of group activity participation, and etiological results demonstrated robust predictive value for LTBI risk. This model shows promise for the targeted screening and management of high-risk populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":69039,"journal":{"name":"中国疾病预防控制中心周报","volume":"8 3","pages":"71-79"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12982115/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147470390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Rabies Epidemiological Characteristics and Failed Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Cases - Hunan Province, China, 2019-2024.","authors":"Shengbao Chen, Hao Yang, Zhihong Deng, Zhifei Zhan, Zhihui Dai, Fangling He, Juan Wang, Rongjiao Liu, Ziqi Yang, Kaiwei Luo","doi":"10.46234/ccdcw2026.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46234/ccdcw2026.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of rabies and the causes of post-exposure management failure in Hunan Province from 2019 to 2024, providing evidence for rabies prevention and control strategies in China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data on reported human rabies cases, exposures, and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) were analyzed using descriptive epidemiological methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>240 rabies cases were reported in Hunan Province (2019-2024) with an average annual incidence rate of 0.0592 per 100,000 people. A significant decreasing trend was observed (<i>χ</i> ² _trend=32.72, <i>P</i><0.05). Five factors showed statistically significant differences in their effects on the incubation period: site of exposure, wound management, vaccination after exposure, passive immunization preparations, and sources of animals causing exposure (all <i>P</i><0.05). In the last six years, <b>t</b>here was no increasing trend in the proportion of failed PEP as a percentage of all rabies cases in that year (<i>χ</i> ² _trend=1.809, <i>P</i>=0.86). The median incubation period was 16.0 (Interquartile Range, IQR 14.0-22.0) days for failed PEP cases with exposed areas, including to the head and/or face, compared to 31.0 (IQR 24.0-50.0) days for those without such exposure. The difference was statistically significant (<i>U</i>=20.50, <i>P</i>=0.025).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current situation of rabies prevention and control in Hunan Province remains dire. Therefore, comprehensive measures should be implemented to help reduce the incidence of rabies. These include adopting standardized dog management practices, strengthening control measures in high-risk areas, and improving public awareness of PEP.</p>","PeriodicalId":69039,"journal":{"name":"中国疾病预防控制中心周报","volume":"8 3","pages":"58-63"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12982116/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147470425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National and Provincial Burden of Non-Communicable Diseases Attributable to High Alcohol Use - China, 1990-2023.","authors":"Yang Yang, Teng Li, Zhenping Zhao, Maigeng Zhou","doi":"10.46234/ccdcw2026.005","DOIUrl":"10.46234/ccdcw2026.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>What is already known about this topic?: </strong>Alcohol is a Group 1 carcinogen; in China, high alcohol use substantially contributes to the non-communicable diseases (NCDs) burden.</p><p><strong>What is added by this report?: </strong>From 1990-2023, age-standardized high alcohol use-attributable NCDs death and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates declined markedly (-57.6%, -46.9%), while absolute numbers rose slightly (11.8%, 6.9%). In 2023, neoplasms led DALYs, followed by substance use disorders; diabetes and kidney diseases are smaller but rising (160.22%, 2010-2023). Sex disparity persists (male-to-female NCDs DALY ratio 10.64). Provincial and disease-specific burdens are linked.</p><p><strong>What are the implications for public health practice?: </strong>Prioritize substance use disorders and monitor rising diabetes and kidney diseases; continue reducing the neoplasms burden; tailor prevention by age, sex, region and cause.</p>","PeriodicalId":69039,"journal":{"name":"中国疾病预防控制中心周报","volume":"8 2","pages":"29-34"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12804787/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145999687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol Use Prevalence Among Chinese People Aged 15 Years and Above - China, 2024.","authors":"Ning Ji, Youjiao Wang, Yingchen Sang, Xinying Zeng, Ying Liu, Shiwei Liu","doi":"10.46234/ccdcw2026.006","DOIUrl":"10.46234/ccdcw2026.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>What is already known about this topic?: </strong>In 2018, past-month and past-year alcohol use prevalence among Chinese adults aged 18+ years was 28.3% and 39.8%, respectively.</p><p><strong>What is added by this report?: </strong>In 2024, alcohol use prevalence among Chinese individuals aged 15+ years was 20.3% (past-month) and 27.6% (past-year), with higher rates observed among males and young to middle-aged adults. Notably, over 40% of current drinkers engaged in heavy episodic drinking (HED).</p><p><strong>What are the implications for public health practice?: </strong>Gender-specific intervention strategies targeting males and young to middle-aged adults are needed. The high prevalence of HED among current drinkers warrants particular attention in prevention efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":69039,"journal":{"name":"中国疾病预防控制中心周报","volume":"8 2","pages":"35-42"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12804769/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145999568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Norovirus and Rotavirus Co-Infection Outbreak Investigation in a Primary School - Pudong New Area, Shanghai Municipality, China, March 2025.","authors":"Yanxin Xie, Lili Feng, Zhiying Zhao, Bing Zhao, Tanghu Xu, Yunxia Li, Siqi Fan, Shaotan Xiao, Zhaorui Chang, Chuchu Ye","doi":"10.46234/ccdcw2026.007","DOIUrl":"10.46234/ccdcw2026.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>What is already known about this topic?: </strong>Co-infection outbreaks involving norovirus and rotavirus in school settings highlight the essential role of stringent hygiene protocols and rapid, coordinated public health responses in mitigating acute gastroenteritis transmission.</p><p><strong>What is added by this report?: </strong>This outbreak revealed a norovirus-rotavirus co-infection outbreak in a primary school. The outbreak affected 14 cases within a single class (38.9% attack rate), all presenting with mild symptoms. Laboratory testing revealed co-infection in 1 anal swab sample and 4 environmental samples (both norovirus GI and rotavirus A positive). Importantly, family-based active case surveillance identified 1 asymptomatic norovirus GI carrier.</p><p><strong>What are the implications for public health practice?: </strong>It is worth noting that individuals with atypical symptoms and socially active individuals warrant heightened attention during outbreak investigations. Pathogen identification is critical, as different pathogens exhibit distinct transmission characteristics that inform control strategies. This outbreak provides valuable real-world evidence to guide future outbreak response protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":69039,"journal":{"name":"中国疾病预防控制中心周报","volume":"8 2","pages":"43-48"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12804770/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145999528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large Language Model-Based Text Recognition and Structured Data Extraction for Dietary Surveys.","authors":"Fangxu Guan, Ruixue Niu, Feifei Huang, Xiaofan Zhang, Yanli Wei, Jiguo Zhang, Xiaofang Jia, Yifei Ouyang, Jing Bai, Chang Su, Li Li, Wenwen Du, Honglei Liu, Huijun Wang","doi":"10.46234/ccdcw2026.008","DOIUrl":"10.46234/ccdcw2026.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Traditional dietary surveys are time-consuming, and manual recording may lead to omissions. Improvement during data collection is essential to enhance accuracy of nutritional surveys. In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have been rapidly developed, which can provide text-processing functions and assist investigators in conducting dietary surveys.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-eight participants from 15 families in the Huangpu and Jiading districts of Shanghai were selected. A standardized 24-hour dietary recall protocol was conducted using an intelligent recording pen that simultaneously captured audio data. These recordings were then transcribed into text. After preprocessing, we used GLM-4 for prompt engineering and chain-of-thought for collaborative reasoning, output structured data, and analyzed its integrity and consistency. Model performance was evaluated using precision and F1 scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall integrity rate of the LLM-based structured data reached 92.5%, and the overall consistency rate compared with manual recording was 86%. The LLM can accurately and completely recognize the names of ingredients and dining and production locations during the transcription. The LLM achieved 94% precision and an F1 score of 89.7% for the full dataset.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LLM-based text recognition and structured data extraction can serve as effective auxiliary tools to improve efficiency and accuracy in traditional dietary surveys. With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence, more accurate and efficient auxiliary tools can be developed for more precise and efficient data collection in nutrition research.</p>","PeriodicalId":69039,"journal":{"name":"中国疾病预防控制中心周报","volume":"8 2","pages":"49-54"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12804767/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145999697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Student-Oriented Competency Building Module: Implications for the Improvement of Global Health Education.","authors":"Chen Chen, Hong Chen, Xiaohua Wang, Wei Ding, Jiayi Yang, Yi Cai","doi":"10.46234/ccdcw2026.001","DOIUrl":"10.46234/ccdcw2026.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In response to growing uncertainty in global health driven by geopolitical tensions, pandemics, and climate-related challenges, global health education must evolve to equip students with theoretical knowledge and core competencies, such as leadership, cross-cultural communication, and strategic thinking. This study reviews the updates to the International Health Project Management (IHPM) course and examines its three key changes: introducing a student-oriented teaching module, incorporating teamwork and role-play to promote autonomy and accountability; expanding geographic flexibility to encourage broader strategic thinking; and strengthening team dynamics through clearer role definitions and targeted support mechanisms. Students formed project teams, established internal regulations, and selected global health scenarios for project design. This revised approach fostered in-depth discussions that encouraged open-minded thinking, enabling students to move beyond disease-focused content to strategic systemic considerations. Greater group ownership also improved collaboration and accountability, addressing common teamwork challenges such as role confusion and uneven participation. However, the analytical depth varied depending on students' disciplinary backgrounds. Finally, we argue that a tiered curriculum that moves from theory to competency building can better support student growth. Overall, these findings highlight the potential of student-oriented approaches to strengthen leadership, cross-cultural communication, and strategic thinking, competencies essential for contributing to a shared future for global health.</p>","PeriodicalId":69039,"journal":{"name":"中国疾病预防控制中心周报","volume":"8 1","pages":"22-28"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12804768/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145999503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of Evaluation Indicators for the Public Health System in Primary and Secondary Schools - Beijing, China, 2024-2025.","authors":"Xinyu Hou, Mei Gu, Jingxuan Zhao, Jia Yang","doi":"10.46234/ccdcw2026.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46234/ccdcw2026.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>What is already known about this topic?: </strong>International frameworks for evaluating school public health primarily emphasize enhancing student health literacy, whereas domestic research tends to focus on isolated domains, resulting in a fragmented system lacking comprehensive integration.</p><p><strong>What is added by this report?: </strong>Through two rounds of expert consultations, this study developed a three-tier evaluation indicator system for Beijing's primary and secondary school public health system, comprising 59 indicators. The results demonstrated strong expert consensus and high reliability.</p><p><strong>What are the implications for public health practice?: </strong>The indicator system developed in this study demonstrates high levels of expert participation, authority, and coordination, which supports its practical applicability. It provides actionable guidance for strengthening and improving public health systems in primary and secondary schools.</p>","PeriodicalId":69039,"journal":{"name":"中国疾病预防控制中心周报","volume":"8 1","pages":"15-21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12804762/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145999563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}