P. Wodarski, M. Chmura, Michał Szlęzak, Grzegorz Gruszka, Justyna Romanek, J. Jurkojć
{"title":"The effects of selected lower limb muscle activities on a level of imbalance in reaction on anterior-posterior ground perturbation","authors":"P. Wodarski, M. Chmura, Michał Szlęzak, Grzegorz Gruszka, Justyna Romanek, J. Jurkojć","doi":"10.37190/abb-02112-2022-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/abb-02112-2022-02","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose We investigated whether an increase in muscular tone induced by the information about imminent posture destabilisation brings a positive result and prevents such destabilisation. Methods We measured forward and backwards movements of 38 participates (27 females and 11 males, aged 23 (SD 2.6)) on the treadmill (forward and backward movements). All participants were subject to three test condition trials (Tr): 1) subject did not know the nature and time of perturbation (Tr1); 2) subject knew the nature of perturbation but did not know time (Tr2); 3) both the time and nature of perturbation were known precisely (Tr3). The tests resulted in the determination of muscular activity connected with a postural adjustment as well as values of pressure exerted by the forefoot on the ground, and the angle of flexion in the knee joint. Results In terms of postural adjustments it was possible to observe statistically significant differences in muscular activity between Tr1 and Tr2 refer to Tr3. No statistically significant differences were identified in all phases as regards values of forefoot pressure and those concerning the angle of flexion in the knee joint. An increase in the muscle tone before perturbation was correlated with the displacement and the velocity of the COP after perturbation. Conclusions These data indicate that knowledge of the expected time of perturbation is responsible for postural adjustment. Furthermore, muscle tone resulting from an adjustment of perturbation and responsible for the stiffening of lower limbs triggered greater displacement of the COP after perturbation.","PeriodicalId":6897,"journal":{"name":"Acta of bioengineering and biomechanics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70000021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biomechanical analysis of thorax-abdomen response of vehicle occupant under seat belt load considering different frontal crash pulses","authors":"Jinlong Qiu, Kui Li, Hongyi Xiang, Jingru Xie, Zhuangqin Fan, Mingxin Qin","doi":"10.37190/abb-02155-2022-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/abb-02155-2022-02","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of this work was to understand the biomechanical response and injury risk of thorax and abdomen of vehicle front seat occupants caused by seat belt load under different frontal crash pulses. Methods: A vehicle-seat-occupant subsystem finite element (FE) model was developed using the a assembly of vehicle front seat and seat belt together with the THUMS (Total Human body Model for Safety) AM50 (50th% Adult Male) occupant model. Then the typical vehicle frontal crash pulses from different impact scenarios were applied to the vehicle-seat-occupant subsystem FE model, and the predictions from the occupant model were analyzed. Results: The modeling results indicate that the maximum sternal compression of the occupant caused by seat belt load is not sensitive to the peek of the crash pulse but sensitive to the energy contained by the crash pulse in the phrase before seat belt load reaching its limit. Injury risk analysis implies that seat belt load of the four crash scenarios considered in the current work could induce a high thorax AIS2+ injury risk (>80%) to the occupants older than 70 years, and a potential injury risk to the spleen. Conclusions: The findings suggest that control of the energy in the first 75 ms of the crash pulse is crucial for vehicle safety design, and thorax tolerance of the older population and spleen injury prevention are the key considerations in developing of seat belt system.","PeriodicalId":6897,"journal":{"name":"Acta of bioengineering and biomechanics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70000211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julia Lisoń-Kubica, Anna Taratuta, Karolina Goldsztajn, Magdalena Antonowicz, Witold Walke, Aneta Dyner, Marcin Basiaga
{"title":"Modern methods of surface modification for new-generation titanium alloys.","authors":"Julia Lisoń-Kubica, Anna Taratuta, Karolina Goldsztajn, Magdalena Antonowicz, Witold Walke, Aneta Dyner, Marcin Basiaga","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The constantly growing need for the use of implants in osteotomy is mainly due to the aging population and the need for long-term use of this type of biomaterials. Improving implant materials requires the selection of appropriate functional properties. Currently used titanium (Ti) alloys, such as Ti6Al4V and Ti6Al7Nb, are being replaced by materials with better biocompatibility, such as vanadium (V) or niobium (Nb), allowing for creation of the so-called new generation alloys. These new alloys, with the incorporation of zirconium (Zr), iron, and tantalum, possess Young's modulus close to that of a bone, which further improves the improves the biomaterial's. biocompatibility. This article describes the atomic layer deposition (ALD) method and its possible applications in the new generation of titanium alloys for biomedical applications. Also, the exemplary results of tin oxide (SnO2) thin coatings deposited by ALD and physical vapor deposition (PVD) methods are presented. This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical properties of a Ti13Nb13Zr alloy used for elements in the skeletal system. As the temperature and the number of cycles vary, the results demonstrate that the surface area of the samples changes. The uncoated Ti13Nb13Zr alloy exhibits hydrophilic properties. However, all coated specimens improve in this respect and provide improved clinical results. after the applied modification, the samples have a smaller contact angle, but still remain in the range of 0-90°, which makes it possible to conclude that their nature remains hydrophilic. Coating the specimens decreased the mineralization risk of postoperative complications. As a result, the biomaterials demonstrated improved effectiveness, decreased complication indicators, and improved patient well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":6897,"journal":{"name":"Acta of bioengineering and biomechanics","volume":"24 4","pages":"147-158"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9673582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aneta Bugalska, A. Hadamus, S. Wójtowicz, Anna Daniluk, Karolina Wiaderna, M. Grabowicz
{"title":"Influence of force-time parameters of hip abductors on maintaining balance in frontal plane in young healthy females","authors":"Aneta Bugalska, A. Hadamus, S. Wójtowicz, Anna Daniluk, Karolina Wiaderna, M. Grabowicz","doi":"10.37190/abb-01945-2021-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/abb-01945-2021-04","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of isometric and isokinetic hip abductor muscle strength on the quality of maintaining static balance in healthy subjects. Methods: The study enrolled 51 healthy women aged 18–25. Balance assessment was carried out according to the M-CTSIB protocol and Single Leg Stance Test (with eyes open and closed) using the Biodex Balance System. An isokinetic evaluation conducted at 30 °/s and an isometric evaluation of the hip abductors were performed with the Humac Norm system. Results: Regression analysis for Sway Index (SW) and Stability Index (ST) in bipedal standing showed a significant importance of the presence of visual feedback (RSW EO = –0.922; p < 0.0001; RST EO = –0.613; p = 0.0493), and unstable surface (RSW US = 1.253; p < 0.0001; RSW US = 2.547; p < 0.0001). Regression analysis for single-leg stance showed correlations between the following indices: overall sway index (OR) in single-leg stance, the antero-posterior (AP) sway index and the medio-lateral (ML) sway index on the one hand and isometric abduction time to peak torque (ROR TPT = 0.769; p = 0.0005; RAP TPT = 0.565; p = 0.008; RML TPT = –1.74; p < 0.05, respectively) as well as the test conditions on the other. Conclusions: Physiological activation of the hip abductors may be important for physiological maintenance of postural balance in young people, in both leg standing as well as in single-leg stance. The present results warrant prospective, randomized studies of larger groups that are diversified with regard to age and gender of the participants.","PeriodicalId":6897,"journal":{"name":"Acta of bioengineering and biomechanics","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69999249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Kopernik, Karina Dyrda, Przemyslaw Kurtyka, R. Major
{"title":"Discrete phase model of blood flow in a roughness microchannel simulating the formation of pseudointima","authors":"M. Kopernik, Karina Dyrda, Przemyslaw Kurtyka, R. Major","doi":"10.37190/abb-01989-2021-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/abb-01989-2021-02","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The goal of the present study was the development of discrete phase model to simulate the phenomenon of backfilling a morphologically complex surface by red blood cells (RBCs) in a flow microchannel and to anticipate the conditions of forming a pseudointima. The objective of the experimental studies that inspired the development of the simulation was to create a surface that stimulates the formation of the pseudointima layer. Methods: The finite volume method (FVM) and discrete particle method (DPM) were applied to develop the target model. In addition, a mixture model and a roughness model of bottom layer were tested in the present study to show their influence on simulation the phenomenon of backfilling a morphologically complex surface by RBCs in a flow microchannel. Results: Numerical models were developed including: a) FVM models to compare the effect of applying boundary conditions with/without roughness and cubes, as well as the analysis of their influence on blood velocity and shear stress; b) mixture models to compare the effect of applying different boundary conditions and cubes on computed results; c) DPM models to compare the effect of applying and not applying roughness as a boundary condition; d) DPM models with a morphologically complex surface and RBCs collisions to present RBCs concentration, velocity and time distributions during flow in a channel. Conclusions: The analysis carried out for the developed numerical models indicates that DPM model with cubes computes the best results. It also shows the backfilling of a morphologically complex surface of the bottom microchannel with RBCs.","PeriodicalId":6897,"journal":{"name":"Acta of bioengineering and biomechanics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69999280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Halinski, Kamila Pasik, A. Haliński, Paweł Haliński, A. Trinchieri, N. Buchholz, K. Arkusz
{"title":"Encrustation of the ureteral double-J Stents made of styrene/ethylene/butylene and polyurethane before and after implantation","authors":"A. Halinski, Kamila Pasik, A. Haliński, Paweł Haliński, A. Trinchieri, N. Buchholz, K. Arkusz","doi":"10.37190/abb-02002-2021-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/abb-02002-2021-02","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the affinity to crystal, calculi and biofilm deposition on ureteral double-J stents (DJ stents) after ureterorenoscopic–lithotripsy procedure (URS-L). The analysis was performed in two aspects: to determine which material used for fabricating ureteral stents promotes encrustation and which part of the DJ stents is the most vulnerable for blockage. Methods: One hundred and twenty patients with an indwelling DJ stent duration between 7 and 78 days were included in this study. The encrustation of DJ stents was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the mechanical properties of DJ stents were examined using the standard MTS Micro Bionix tensile test. Results: This study showed that polyurethane catheters have a much higher affinity for encrustation than styrene/ethylene/butylene block copolymer. Obtained results indicated the proximal (renal pelvis) and distal (urinary bladder) part is the most susceptible to post-URS-L fragments and urea salt deposition. Both the DJ ureteral stents’ outer and inner surfaces were completely covered even after 7 days of implantation. Conclusions: Performed analysis pointed out that polyurethane DJ stents have a much higher affinity for encrustation of calculi and NaCl crystals compared to the silicone-based copolymer. The surface of the ureteral stents needs improvement to minimize salt and kidney stone deposition, causing pre-biofilm formation and the occurrence of defects and cracks.","PeriodicalId":6897,"journal":{"name":"Acta of bioengineering and biomechanics","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69999466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karolina Jasiurkowska, J. Biezynski, A. Nikodem, J. Filipiak
{"title":"Influence of the intramedullary nail locking method on the stiffness of the bone-implant system","authors":"Karolina Jasiurkowska, J. Biezynski, A. Nikodem, J. Filipiak","doi":"10.37190/abb-01978-2021-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/abb-01978-2021-02","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Bone fractures are one of the most commonly seen problems in veterinary traumatology. The authors of this study strive to find a new intramedullary nail, which is intended for treating femoral bone fractures for canine patients. The purpose of this study was to analyze biomechanical parameters of the intramedullary nails, which use a new bolt system concept. Methods: Dissected femoral bones of a large breed dog were cut in order to simulate interfragmentary gap, and then the bones were stabilized using intramedullary nail with locking bolts. Bone-nail systems were subjected to cyclic loading using force which corresponds to the load on the femoral bone in the first few days after surgery. Micro-CT scans were taken of the bone samples around implant in order to determine deformation and structural parameters of bone tissue. Results: The calculation of the bone-nail system stiffness was done through analysis of the force displacement curves recorded during experimental studies. Using monocortical locking bolts resulted in smaller stiffness of the bone-nail system than using bicortical locking bolts. Conclusions: The results obtained in this study can indicate that the intramedullary nail could work well when used for treatment of bone fractures in dogs. The authors focused on using monocortical bolts which provides good stability and adequate biomechanical environment. Described fixation method is easily adjustable to a particular patient individual parameters.","PeriodicalId":6897,"journal":{"name":"Acta of bioengineering and biomechanics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69999670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jarosław Jaszczur-Nowicki, A. M. Hasiuk, R. Podstawski, Małgorzata Potocka-Mitan, D. Ambrozy, Jacek Perliński, B. Ružbarská, Joanna M. Bukowska
{"title":"Plantar Pressure Distribution and Postural Balance in Beauty Pageant Contestants Before and After Wearing High-Heeled Shoes","authors":"Jarosław Jaszczur-Nowicki, A. M. Hasiuk, R. Podstawski, Małgorzata Potocka-Mitan, D. Ambrozy, Jacek Perliński, B. Ružbarská, Joanna M. Bukowska","doi":"10.37190/abb-02105-2022-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/abb-02105-2022-02","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose The aim of this study was to assess the biomechanics of the foot in beauty pageant contestants wearing shoes that increase calcaneal height. Plantar pressure distribution and postural balance were examined in women after one hour of wearing high-heeled shoes. Methods Foot arch measurements were conducted using EPSR1 mats. Based on these measurements, 18 of the 19 tested women were diagnosed with significant pes cavus. Results The experiment revealed a significant reduction in the excessively high metatarsal arch of both feet. The mean load on the metatarsus measured at rest was 0.0% in both feet, and it increased by 0.6% in the left leg (p ≤ 0.022; Z = 2.293) and by 2.7% in the right leg (p ≤ 0.023; Z = 2.271). These results suggest that excessive stretching of the plantar fascia and impaired function of the short muscles of the foot lead to a temporary reduction in the arch of the foot. This phenomenon can be compared to stretching a bowstring and its return to the shortest length under static conditions. A statistical analysis of the results of stabilographic measurements revealed significant changes only in the left foot barycenter. An analysis of the ability to maintain postural balance revealed that the observed changes contributed to postural destabilization at p ≤ 0.011 and Z = 2.535. Conclusions Further research involving electromyography tests is needed to examine plantar muscle tension during isotonic contractions. The duration of the exercise-induced reduction in pes cavus should also be determined for therapeutic purposes.","PeriodicalId":6897,"journal":{"name":"Acta of bioengineering and biomechanics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69999970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pedro Forte, Nuno Sousa, José Teixeira, Daniel Marinho, António Monteiro, José Bragada, Jorge Morais, Tiago Barbosa
{"title":"Aerodynamic analysis of human walking, running and sprinting by numerical simulations.","authors":"Pedro Forte, Nuno Sousa, José Teixeira, Daniel Marinho, António Monteiro, José Bragada, Jorge Morais, Tiago Barbosa","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The drag in walking, running and sprinting locomotion can be assessed by analytical procedures and experimental techniques. However, assessing the drag variations by the above-mentioned types of locomotion were not found using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Thus, the aim of this study was two-fold: (1) to assess the aerodynamics of human walking, running and sprinting by CFD technique; 2) compare such aerodynamic characteristics between walking and running. Three 3D models were produced depicting the walking, running and sprinting locomotion techniques, converted to computer aided design models and meshed. The drag varied with locomotion type. Walking had the lowest drag, followed-up by running and then sprinting. At the same velocities, the drag was larger in walking than in running and increased with velocity. In conclusion, drag varied with locomotion type. Walking had the lowest drag, followed-up by running and then sprinting. At the same velocities, the drag was larger in walking than in running and increased with velocity.</p>","PeriodicalId":6897,"journal":{"name":"Acta of bioengineering and biomechanics","volume":"24 3","pages":"3-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139680465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Ikman Ishak, Ruslizam Daud, Siti Noor Fazliah Mohd Noor, C Y Khor, Husniyati Roslan
{"title":"Assessment of stress shielding around a dental implant for variation of implant stiffness and parafunctional loading using finite element analysis.","authors":"Muhammad Ikman Ishak, Ruslizam Daud, Siti Noor Fazliah Mohd Noor, C Y Khor, Husniyati Roslan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical stimuli transfer at the bone-implant interface via stress and strain energy density transfer parameters. This study also aimed to investigate the effect of different implant stiffness and parafunctional loading values on the defined mechanical stimuli transfer from the implant to the surrounding bone.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A three-dimensional finite element model of two-piece threaded dental implant with internal hexagonal connection and mandibular bone block was constructed. Response surface method through face-centred central composite design was applied to examine the influence of two independent factors variables using three levels. The analysis model was fitted to a second-order polynomial equation to determine the response values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the implant stiffness was more effective than the horizontal load value in increasing the stress and strain energy density transfers. The interaction between both factors was significant in decreasing the likelihood of bone resorption. Decreasing the implant stiffness and horizontal load value led to the increased stress transfer and unexpected decrease in the strain energy density, except at the minimum level of the horizontal load. The increase in the implant stiffness and horizontal load value (up to medium level) have increased the strain energy transfer to the bone.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The stress and strain energy density were transferred distinctively at the bone-implant interface. The role of both implant stiffness and parafunctional loading is important and should be highlighted in the preoperative treatment planning and design of dental implant.</p>","PeriodicalId":6897,"journal":{"name":"Acta of bioengineering and biomechanics","volume":"24 3","pages":"147-159"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139680467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}