Robert Sinto, Adeline Intan Pasaribu, Sharifah Shakinah, Bernadine Gracia Duindrahajeng
{"title":"Hantavirus Infection: Review of Clinical Management.","authors":"Robert Sinto, Adeline Intan Pasaribu, Sharifah Shakinah, Bernadine Gracia Duindrahajeng","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hantavirus infection is a rodent-borne zoonotic disease that can present as Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) or Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome (HCPS). Both diseases are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. The rise of new Hantavirus species and recurrent outbreaks worldwide has renewed interest in the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of this viral infection. A narrative literature review was conducted using published articles, review papers, epidemiological reports, and clinical studies on Hantavirus up to 2026. Relevant evidence regarding epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, treatment, complications, and prevention was analyzed and synthesized. Hantaviruses primarily infect endothelial cells, leading to increased vascular permeability, thrombocytopenia, and capillary leakage through immune-mediated mechanisms. HFRS affects the kidneys, and HCPS is characterized by severe cardiopulmonary symptoms, although overlap between the two syndromes has increasingly been observed. Diagnosis is based on clinical suspicion supported by epidemiological exposure history, serological testing, and virological confirmation from reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Current management remains largely supportive, including hemodynamic stabilization, respiratory support, and renal replacement therapy when indicated. Ribavirin may provide benefit in selected HFRS cases when given early, but evidence remains inconclusive, especially for HCPS. Favipiravir has demonstrated promising antiviral activity in vitro and in animal studies, yet clinical data in humans are still lacking. Preventive measures focus primarily on minimizing exposure to infected rodents and contaminated environments, while vaccine development remains ongoing. Hantavirus infection continues to represent an important global public health concern due to its potential for severe disease and high mortality. Improved understanding of disease pathogenesis, advances in diagnostic methods, and ongoing research into antiviral therapies and vaccines are essential to improve patient outcomes and strengthen future prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":6889,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Indonesiana","volume":"58 2","pages":"288-296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148410121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Praveen Septian Hadi, Dimas Adjie Yuda Mahendra, Johan Gunadi
{"title":"Midwall Late Gadolinium Enhancement and Native T1 Elevation in Chronic Myocarditis-Related Dilated Cardiomyopathy: An Evidence-Based Case Report.","authors":"Praveen Septian Hadi, Dimas Adjie Yuda Mahendra, Johan Gunadi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is the reference standard for non-invasive myocardial tissue characterization, with proven value in diagnosing and prognosticating myocarditis and non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). This study aimed to present a case of chronic myocarditis/DCM phenotype and integrate it with evidence from high-quality studies on CMR diagnostic and prognostic utility.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An evidence-based case report (EBCR) framework was applied. Literature was systematically searched across PubMed, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect for studies evaluating CMR in myocarditis or DCM using the 2018 Lake Louise Criteria or equivalent multiparametric protocols.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 45-year-old female presented with mild exertional dyspnea. CMR revealed midwall late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in the basal-to-mid interventricular septum, elevated native T1 values, and no T2 elevation. These findings fulfilled the T1-based criterion for chronic myocardial injury but not the T2-based edema criterion, indicating prior inflammation and residual fibrosis. Across the included studies, midwall LGE correlated with histopathology-confirmed myocarditis, predicted all-cause mortality and sudden cardiac death, and signaled risk of progressive ventricular dysfunction. Native T1 mapping improved sensitivity for detecting diffuse fibrosis even in the absence of widespread LGE. The patient's imaging profile aligns with chronic myocarditis, carrying a heightened arrhythmic and heart failure risk. Evidence supports intensified surveillance and consideration for device therapy in such profiles.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CMR, through combined LGE and mapping techniques, offers essential diagnostic clarity and prognostic stratification in chronic myocarditis/DCM, enabling precise and individualized clinical management.</p>","PeriodicalId":6889,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Indonesiana","volume":"58 2","pages":"301-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148410089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fadhil Pratama Apriansyah, Muhammad Munawar, Dian Larasati Munawar, Beny Hartono, Muhammad Fadil, Darwin Indra
{"title":"Successful Conservative Management of Right Ventricular Perforation Caused by Temporary Pacemaker Placement during Complex Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Case Report.","authors":"Fadhil Pratama Apriansyah, Muhammad Munawar, Dian Larasati Munawar, Beny Hartono, Muhammad Fadil, Darwin Indra","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiac tamponade is a critical condition that can result from complications during invasive cardiac procedures. This case report describes a 67-year-old male who developed right ventricular perforation leading to cardiac tamponade following elective complex percutaneous coronary intervention with rotational atherectomy and temporary pacemaker placement. By performing emergent pericardiocentesis and using a pigtail catheter with sustained negative pressure, we successfully managed a massive pericardial effusion of 2,600 cc. The patient stabilized without requiring surgical intervention, demonstrating favorable outcomes. This case underscores the importance of timely recognition and personalized management strategies in the conservative treatment of cardiac tamponade secondary to right ventricular perforation.</p>","PeriodicalId":6889,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Indonesiana","volume":"58 2","pages":"264-269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148410239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amanda Pitarini Utari, Nur Rahadiani, Trifonia Pingkan Siregar, Ari Fahrial Syam, Fadila Julianti
{"title":"Small-Bowel Lymphoma: The Hidden Cause of Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding.","authors":"Amanda Pitarini Utari, Nur Rahadiani, Trifonia Pingkan Siregar, Ari Fahrial Syam, Fadila Julianti","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) accounts for approximately 5% of all gastrointestinal bleeding cases, with the small intestine being the most common source of origin. Primary small-bowel lymphoma is a rare malignancy that can present as intestinal bleeding in 2% to 22% of cases. A 67-year-old male presented with a four-day history of diarrhea and melena, accompanied by severe anemia with a hemoglobin level of 5 g/dL. While a colonoscopy only revealed internal hemorrhoids and an ascending colon polyp, a subsequent non-contrast whole-abdomen CT scan demonstrated a 6-cm segmental small bowel wall thickening involving the proximal and distal ileum, accompanied by mesenteric fat stranding and aggressive aneurysmal dilatation. Further evaluation using antegrade enteroscopy identified a mass with central ulceration in the proximal ileum. Histopathological analysis of the ileal biopsy specimens revealed small intestinal mucosa heavily infiltrated by a diffuse, highly cellular tumor with small-to-medium neoplastic cells, confirming a malignant round cell neoplasm highly suspicious for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. This case highlights the critical clinical challenge of managing OGIB and underscores the importance of early diagnostic interventions. Utilizing CT imaging alongside device-assisted enteroscopy is vital for the prompt recognition of hidden small bowel disorders like lymphoma, enabling timely treatment, preventing life-threatening hemorrhagic complications, and improving the overall patient prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":6889,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Indonesiana","volume":"58 2","pages":"297-300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148410045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Complete Recovery of Thyrotoxicosis Cardiomyopathy After Antithyroid and Corticosteroid Therapy: A Case Report.","authors":"Kyra Adiavira, Mochamad Rizky Hendiperdana, Siti Untari Subekti, Rarsari Soerarso","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thyroid storm (TS) is an extreme hypermetabolic state due to thyrotoxicosis. TS may manifest as cardiovascular symptoms, including atrial fibrillation (AF) (9 - 23%) and heart failure (HF). Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and HF develop at a later stage in approximately 1% of thyrotoxicosis patients. A 46-year-old man presented to the emergency department with a chief complaint of severe dyspnea and rapid AF. Blood test examination showed overt thyrotoxicosis. The Burch-Wartofsky point scale is 60 (highly suggestive of TS). Echocardiography showed severely reduced left ventricular (LV) systolic function. The patient was diagnosed with TS, rapid AF with DCM, probably due to thyrotoxic cardiomyopathy. After 3 months of antithyroid therapy, corticosteroids, and optimal HF management, we observed complete recovery of his ventricular function, along with spontaneous conversion to sinus rhythm. LV systolic dysfunction is described in a small percentage of thyrotoxicosis patients. In later stages of thyrotoxicosis cardiomyopathy (TCM), HF phenotype of DCM will develop, characterized by progressive reduction of myocardial systolic function that marks advanced stages of TCM. This report highlighted the importance of thyroid investigation as an integral part of HF etiological work-up due to its reversibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":6889,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Indonesiana","volume":"58 2","pages":"270-276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148410051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Outcomes of Tranexamic Acid Treatment in Patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: An Overview of Reviews.","authors":"Aurel Feodora Tantoro, Rehulina Br Tarigan, Kaima Ishmata Rianti, Suwito Indra","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a life-threatening emergency requiring prompt management. Standard treatments include endoscopic intervention, blood transfusions, and pharmacological therapies such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and antifibrinolytics like tranexamic acid (TXA). However, the efficacy of TXA in UGIB remains controversial due to mixed findings. This systematic review analyzed six systematic reviews covering 34,351 patients. The objective is to assess TXA's effectiveness in reducing mortality, rebleeding, and thromboembolic events, as well as secondary outcomes such as transfusion requirements, surgery, hospital stay, and adverse events.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Studies on non-GI bleeding, pediatric populations, and non-peer-reviewed articles were excluded. A comprehensive search across PubMed, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, and DOAJ (2014-2024) identified 157 records, with six systematic reviews/meta-analyses (34,351 participants) meeting inclusion criteria. Risk of bias was assessed using AMSTAR 2, with two studies rated as high confidence and four as moderate confidence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Current high-quality evidence does not support routine TXA use for mortality reduction in UGIB. Safety remains uncertain, particularly with prolonged high-dose administration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings are consistent with the 2022 Indonesian national consensus, which advises against routine TXA use in UGIB. Future research should focus on optimized dosing strategies, timing of administration, and identification of clinically relevant subgroups to clarify its therapeutic role.</p>","PeriodicalId":6889,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Indonesiana","volume":"58 2","pages":"138-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148410102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dian Pritasari Jeger, Hamzah Shatri, Petrin Redayani Lukman, Pringgodigdo Nugroho, Em Yunir, Cleopas Martin Rumende, Rudi Putranto, Maruhum Bonar H Marbun, Yenny Kandarini
{"title":"The Role of Group Supportive Psychotherapy on Quality of Life and Its Relationship with Heart Rate Variability and Blood Serotonin Levels in End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) Patients Undergoing Chronic Hemodialysis.","authors":"Dian Pritasari Jeger, Hamzah Shatri, Petrin Redayani Lukman, Pringgodigdo Nugroho, Em Yunir, Cleopas Martin Rumende, Rudi Putranto, Maruhum Bonar H Marbun, Yenny Kandarini","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing chronic hemodialysis often experience reduced quality of life and autonomic dysregulation. Group supportive psychotherapy may improve psychological well-being through biopsychosocial mechanisms. This study evaluated the effects of group supportive psychotherapy on quality of life and its association with heart rate variability (HRV) and blood serotonin levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This randomized, parallel-group, single-blind controlled trial was conducted at the Hemodialysis Unit of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, from November 2024 to January 2025. Fifty-two eligible patients were randomly assigned to an intervention group receiving group supportive psychotherapy plus standard care (n = 26) or a control group receiving standard care alone (n = 26). Outcomes were assessed at baseline and post-intervention using Kidney Disease Quality of Life-36 (KDQOL-36), HRV measured by standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), and plasma serotonin levels measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analyses included an independent t-test or Mann-Whitney test, with effect size calculation and ANCOVA adjustment for baseline values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The intervention group demonstrated significantly greater improvement in KDQOL-36 scores compared with control (mean change 8.46-16.92 vs 0.27-11.36; p=0.046). After adjustment, the between-group difference remained statistically significant (p<0.001), with a large effect size (Cohen's d = 1.16). Plasma serotonin levels were significantly higher in the intervention at post-intervention (p=0.028; r=0.30). However, no significant differences were observed in HRV (SDNN) either between groups (p=0.805) or within groups over time (p>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Group supportive psychotherapy significantly improves quality of life and is associated with higher plasma serotonin levels in ESRD patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. However, no significant autonomic modulation, as measured by HRV, was demonstrated.</p>","PeriodicalId":6889,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Indonesiana","volume":"58 2","pages":"212-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148410227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicholas Jason Wijaya, Sharifah Shakinah, Leonard Nainggolan, Erni Juwita Nelwan
{"title":"Effectiveness of Montelukast in Reducing the Risk of Severe Dengue in Dengue Fever Patients: An Evidence-Based Case Report.","authors":"Nicholas Jason Wijaya, Sharifah Shakinah, Leonard Nainggolan, Erni Juwita Nelwan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dengue fever continues to spread worldwide, particularly in tropical regions. Some patients with dengue fever may progress to severe dengue, which is associated with significantly higher morbidity and mortality. Despite this, no definitive treatment has been found to prevent its progression. Montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, has shown potential in reducing plasma leakage, a key factor in the pathophysiology of severe dengue. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of montelukast in reducing the risk of severe dengue.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature search was conducted on April 16, 2025, using keywords related to montelukast and dengue across four databases, which included PubMed, Taylor and Francis, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect. A critical appraisal was performed using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine framework, evaluating the validity, importance, and applicability of each study. The primary outcomes were the incidence of dengue shock syndrome and dengue with warning signs. The secondary outcomes included mortality rate and hospitalization duration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included three studies involving a total of 1057 patients. Montelukast is associated with a reduced incidence of dengue shock syndrome and shorter duration of hospitalization. However, the effect of montelukast on dengue with warning signs and mortality rate was inconclusive.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Montelukast shows potential as an adjuvant therapy in preventing the progression of dengue fever to severe dengue. However, further research is required before montelukast can be widely recommended for dengue fever patients in daily clinical practice and possibly integrated into dengue fever clinical guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":6889,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Indonesiana","volume":"58 1","pages":"115-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147669741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Binar Sasono, Tirza Z Tamin, Melinda Harini, Maria Regina Rachmawati
{"title":"Effect of Programmed Exercise through Telerehabilitation at Home on Visual Analogue Scale, Body Mass Index, and WOMAC among Patients with Obesity and Knee Osteoarthritis: A Quasi-Experimental Study.","authors":"Binar Sasono, Tirza Z Tamin, Melinda Harini, Maria Regina Rachmawati","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aims to determine the effectiveness of programmed exercise with telerehabilitation at home in patients with obesity and knee osteoarthritis on visual analogue scale scores, body mass index, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This research is a pre-post study in patients with obesity and knee osteoarthritis. Research subjects performed a series of exercise programs at home for 28 days. Before the program, there was an initial assessment from a psychologist and a nutritionist. During the program, there was tele-education, telemonitoring, and teleconsultation from doctors. Twenty-six female subjects participated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Visual analogue scale scores decreased statistically significantly every week, until the end of the fourth week, compared with before the intervention (p<0.001). Body mass index and WOMAC scores decreased statistically significantly at the end of the fourth week compared with before the intervention (both p<0.001). Further analysis of all WOMAC components in the intervention group, including pain, stiffness, and physical function, also showed a statistically significant decrease (p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Programmed exercise as part of telerehabilitation at home has been statistically proven to reduce visual analogue scale scores, body mass index, and WOMAC in patients with obesity and knee osteoarthritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":6889,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Indonesiana","volume":"58 1","pages":"44-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147669743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ni Putu Merlynda Pusvita Dewi, Adiba Hasna Hanifah
{"title":"Cytomegalovirus Encephalitis and Cerebral Toxoplasmosis in an Immunocompetent Patient: A Rare Case Report.","authors":"Ni Putu Merlynda Pusvita Dewi, Adiba Hasna Hanifah","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Toxoplasma gondii infections are typically associated with immunocompromised individuals, in whom they can cause severe central nervous system (CNS) complications. However, their concurrent manifestation in immunocompetent hosts (IMCh) is exceptionally rare and underreported. We present the case of a 51-year-old immunocompetent male with a three-month history of progressive headache, nausea, and intermittent joint pain, without neurological deficits. Imaging revealed chronic infarcts in the basal ganglia and frontal lobe, as well as multifocal lesions in the periventricular area. Serological testing indicated high-avidity IgG for both CMV and T. gondii, consistent with chronic latent infections. Despite being HIV-negative and without prior immunosuppressive therapy, the patient exhibited hematologic abnormalities, including thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, and eosinophilia. Treatment with valganciclovir, cotrimoxazole, and clindamycin led to symptomatic improvement. This case underscores the diagnostic challenges of CMV encephalitis and cerebral toxoplasmosis in IMCh, where nonspecific symptoms and overlapping radiological findings may mimic other etiologies such as stroke. Given the neurotropic nature of T. gondii and the hematologic impact of CMV, coinfection-though rare-should be considered in patients with atypical CNS symptoms and hematological abnormalities, even in the absence of immunodeficiency. This report showed the need for heightened clinical suspicion and thorough evaluation to avoid misdiagnosis and ensure timely intervention. Clinicians should recognize that serious manifestations of CMV and toxoplasmosis are possible in IMCh and may present subtly, necessitating comprehensive serologic and imaging workups for accurate diagnosis and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":6889,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Indonesiana","volume":"58 1","pages":"77-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147669642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}