Acta medica Indonesiana最新文献

{"title":"Uncorrected Tetralogy of Fallot Complicated by Brain Abscess and Postoperative Intracranial Haemorrhage: A Case Report.","authors":"Fanny Puspita Haryono, Agnes Lucia Panda, Ventje Ramond Kawengian","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cerebral abscess is a rare but potentially fatal complication of cyanotic congenital heart disease, in which chronic hypoxia, polycythaemia and right-to-left shunting allow bacteraemia to bypass pulmonary filtration. A woman in her 20s with uncorrected tetralogy of Fallot presented with severe headache, right-sided weakness and seizures. Examination showed hemiparesis, hypoaesthesia and hyperreflexia; blood tests revealed secondary polycythaemia and leucocytosis. No dental, sinus, otological or respiratory source was identified. Unenhanced computed tomography demonstrated a left parietal space-occupying lesion with midline shift, and echocardiography confirmed tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia. She received ceftriaxone, metronidazole and dexamethasone, followed by burr-hole drainage. Recovery was complicated by epidural haemorrhage requiring emergency craniotomy and a later subdural haematoma with focal seizures, both managed successfully. This case illustrates that new focal neurological signs in uncorrected cyanotic heart disease warrant urgent imaging for brain abscess, and that polycythaemia compounds perioperative haemorrhagic risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":6889,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Indonesiana","volume":"58 3","pages":"423-435"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149126196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Prognostic Model to Predict In-Hospital Mortality in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis.","authors":"Hendra Raharja, Taufik Sungkar, Ilhamd Ilhamd","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Liver cirrhosis remains a major global health concern associated with high in-hospital mortality, especially in Southeast Asia. Existing prognostic scores, such as Child-Pugh and albumin-bilirubin scores, exhibit variable accuracy, necessitating simpler and more practical tools. This study aimed to identify independent predictors and to propose a novel prognostic model of in-hospital mortality in hospitalized cirrhosis patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included 190 patients with cirrhosis who were admitted to Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, between 2022 and 2023. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. A prognostic model was derived from significant variables and evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and Hosmer-Lemeshow test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 190 patients, 79 (41.6%) died during hospitalization. Independent predictors of in-hospital mortality were grade III-IV hepatic encephalopathy (odds ratio [OR] 30.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] 10.71-84.67, p<0.001), serum creatinine (ln-transformed; OR 3.23, 95% CI 1.80-5.79, p<0.001), and international normalized ratio (ln-transformed; OR 17.93, 95% CI 3.54-90.83, p<0.001). The model demonstrated excellent discrimination (AUROC 0.906) and good calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow p = 0.587).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Severe hepatic encephalopathy, renal dysfunction, and coagulopathy were the strongest predictors of in-hospital mortality among patients with cirrhosis. The model derived from these factors demonstrated reliable accuracy in this retrospective cohort and may support risk stratification in clinical practice. However, prospective multicenter studies are required to confirm the validity and clinical utility of this model before its routine application.</p>","PeriodicalId":6889,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Indonesiana","volume":"58 3","pages":"362-368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149126338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sofosbuvir/Daclatasvir versus Grazoprevir/Elbasvir in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C on Haemodialysis: A Multicentre, Single-Blind, Randomised Controlled Trial.","authors":"Andri Sanityoso Sulaiman, Pringgodigdo Nugroho, Muhammad Begawan Bestari, Afiatin Afiatin, Fardhah Akil, Akhyar Albaar, Hery Djagat Purnomo, Dwi Lestari, Triyanta Yuli Pramana, Agung Susanto, Desti Rachmani, Lawrence Ho Khek-Yu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis are at risk of hepatitis C virus exposure due to nosocomial transmission and the duration of hemodialysis. The treatment for hepatitis C in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis is oral direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy, which works directly as an antiviral. Currently, the DAA considered safe for use in patients with chronic kidney disease is grazoprevir/elbasvir. However, this DAA is expensive and effective in patients with genotypes 1 and 4. Recent studies have shown that sofosbuvir-based regimens are safe. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir/daclatasvir with grazoprevir/elbasvir in patients with chronic hepatitis C undergoing hemodialysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a multicenter, single-blind, randomized clinical trial that included 120 treatment-naïve, HCV-infected hemodialysis patients. We randomized only participants with fibrosis < F4. Patients with cirrhosis (F4) were assigned to sofosbuvir/daclatasvir per guideline-based contraindications for grazoprevir/elbasvir. Participants received sofosbuvir/daclatasvir or grazoprevir/elbasvir. The primary endpoints were sustained virologic response at week 12 (SVR12) and treatment-related adverse events. Statistical comparisons were conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables and the chi-square test for categorical variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>120 patients completed the study, with no dropouts or missing SVR12 data. All patients (100%) achieved SVR12 in both treatment groups. Sofosbuvir/daclatasvir and grazoprevir/elbasvir achieved 100% SVR at 12 weeks, with good safety and no adverse events in 98.3% of patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both sofosbuvir/daclatasvir and grazoprevir/elbasvir are highly effective and safe for treating hepatitis C in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Sofosbuvir/daclatasvir offers broader applicability across all fibrosis stages and genotypes, with substantially lower treatment costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":6889,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Indonesiana","volume":"58 3","pages":"415-422"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149126164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TIMI Score Modification for Predicting 30-Day Mortality Following Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention among STEMI Patients at Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital.","authors":"Sally Aman Nasution, Lusiani Lusiani, Michelle Frastica, Ikhwan Rinaldi, Lie Khie Chen, Syahidatul Wafa, Andhika Rachman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study to validate the TIMI (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction) core and also assess the validity of a modified TIMI score that includes three additional variables from primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) findings: left ventricular ejection fraction based on echocardiography post-PPCI, TIMI flow, and the number of lesions in a population of STEMI (ST-elevation myocardial infarction) patients who underwent PPCI at Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital, with a focus on predicting 30-day mortality. This is the first study to validate the TIMI score among STEMI patients who underwent PPCI at Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital. This study aimed to develop a modified TIMI score with enhanced ability to predict 30-day mortality among STEMI patients at Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital following PPCI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 230 study subjects, the 30-day mortality rate for the patients post-PPCI was 10%. There was no significant association between ejection fraction based on echocardiography after PPCI, TIMI flow, or the number of lesions and 30-day mortality post-PPCI in the STEMI patients. The discrimination performance of the TIMI score in predicting 30-day mortality post-PPCI was AUC (Area Under the Curve) 0.901, with good calibration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The performance of the TIMI score in terms of predicting 30-day mortality after PPCI in STEMI patients at Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital was excellent (AUC 0.901, 95% CI 0.849-0.952), with good calibration. TIMI score can predict the 30-day mortality rate among STEMI patients undergoing PPCI.</p>","PeriodicalId":6889,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Indonesiana","volume":"58 3","pages":"386-392"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149126225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Multidisciplinary Care in Chronic Heart Failure: Insights from an Indonesian Tertiary Hospital.","authors":"Lusiani Lusiani, Nurhayati Adnan Prihartono, Mardiati Nadjib, Idrus Alwi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic heart failure (CHF) is the leading cause of morbidity and healthcare expenditure in Indonesia, largely due to recurrent hospitalizations. Multidisciplinary Programs (MDSs) have been introduced to provide clinical and economic advantages by reducing hospitalizations. This study aimed to compare direct medical cost trajectories between patients managed under MDP and standard care (SC) at a tertiary referral hospital.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The retrospective cohort study was conducted at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital and included 189 patients with CHF who completed at least eight consecutive outpatient visits. Patient demographics, clinical data, and direct medical costs were obtained from medical records and hospital billing data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients in the MDP group were younger (median age 55 vs 60 years) and had a more frequent ischemic etiology compared with SC. Outpatient costs were higher in MDP, mainly due to medications and consultation fees, while inpatient costs were substantially lower, particularly for procedures, consumables, and ward charges. The total direct medical cost per patient was significantly lower in MDP compared with SC (Rp 19.4 million vs Rp 31.3 million), reflecting a 38% reduction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Implementation of an MDP reduced overall direct medical costs by shifting expenditures toward outpatient management and lowering costly inpatient utilization. These findings support MDP as a feasible and cost-efficient strategy in resource-limited health systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":6889,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Indonesiana","volume":"58 3","pages":"402-414"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149126433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy: Proportion and Correlation with Liver Fibrosis Severity.","authors":"Juferdy Kurniawan, Maela Rustiana Dewi, Dono Antono, Dicky Levenus Tahapary, Leonard Nainggolan, Gurmeet Singh, M Syahrir Azizi, Rudi Putranto, Kaka Renaldi, Sukamto Sukamto","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy is characterized by an impaired systolic response to stress, diastolic dysfunction, and electrophysiological abnormalities, without underlying structural heart disease. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is the most common manifestation found in cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. Previous studies reported its correlation with a higher Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score in late-stage cirrhosis. To date, no studies have evaluated the correlation between liver fibrosis and LVDD parameters. This study aims to evaluate the correlation between liver fibrosis and LVDD parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional study on liver cirrhosis patients without a history of cardiac disease. Subjects were recruited consecutively from the Hepatobiliary Outpatient Clinic and Internal Medicine Inpatient Unit at Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital. A total of 92 patients underwent 2-dimensional echocardiography with tissue Doppler imaging, transient elastography, and laboratory tests for routine hematology, ALT, and AST.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 27.2% of subjects had diastolic dysfunction, and 37% had normal diastolic function with an increased left atrial volume index. APRI and FIB-4 showed a positive correlation with left atrial volume index (r = 0.302; p = 0.003 vs r = 0.401; p < 0.0001, respectively). FIB-4 demonstrated a fair performance in estimating increased left atrial volume index (AUC 0.746; 95% CI 0.646-0.846), with a cut-off point of 4.38.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Diastolic dysfunction is the most common early manifestation found in cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. Liver fibrosis, assessed by APRI and FIB-4, was positively correlated with increased left atrial volume index.</p>","PeriodicalId":6889,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Indonesiana","volume":"58 3","pages":"393-401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149126348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors for Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR) Infections in COVID-19 Patients with Secondary Bacterial Infections.","authors":"Khie Chen Lie, Rezky Ananda Rianto, Robert Sinto, Cleopas Martin Rumende, Sharifah Sakinah, Erni Juwita Nelwan, Sally Aman Nasution, Ikhwan Rinaldi, Alvina Widhani","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected global health, contributing to an increase in secondary bacterial infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, thereby increasing morbidity and mortality. This study aims to evaluate the risk factors of MDR bacterial infections in affected COVID-19 patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study analyzed medical records, as well as clinical and epidemiological data of COVID-19 patients with secondary bacterial infections hospitalized in Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital during 2020 - 2021. During the procedures, only patients with positive microbial culture results were included. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to evaluate risk factors of MDR bacterial infections.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 3203 medical records of COVID-19 patients were assessed, and 192 subjects were enrolled. The results showed that the most common secondary infection and pathogen were pneumonia and Acinetobacter baumanii, respectively. In addition, the most common MDR pathogen was A.baumanii. In the multivariate log-binomial analysis, the risk factors associated with MDR bacterial infections in COVID-19 were female gender (RR 1,194;CI95% 1,024 - 1,393 p 0,020), comorbidity (RR 1,181;CI95% 1,006 - 1,385, p 0,041), prior antibiotic use (RR 1.718; CI95% 1,127 - 2,620 p 0,012), and history of invasive procedure (RR 1,979;CI95% 1,423 - 2.753 p <0,001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Comorbidities, female gender, prior antibiotic use, and a history of invasive procedures were risk factors for secondary bacterial infections with an MDR pathogen in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":6889,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Indonesiana","volume":"58 3","pages":"369-377"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149126188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scalp and Tongue Necrosis as Rare Manifestations of Giant Cell Arteritis Complicated with a Preauricular Abscess.","authors":"Arinditia Triasti Putri, Lita Diah Rahmawati, Yuliasih Yuliasih, Kichul Shin, Ayu Paramaiswari, Awalia Awalia","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a systemic vasculitis that involves cranial arteries, the aorta, and its proximal branches, characterized by granulomatous infiltration of the arterial walls. GCA predominantly occurs in older adults, typically those over the age of 50. The etiology of GCA-associated vasculitis remains elusive; however, current evidence underscores the complex interplay of genetic and epigenetic drivers with immunological and non-immunological mechanisms in orchestrating the inflammatory response and vascular remodeling. Clinical manifestations of GCA are notably heterogeneous, significantly complicating the diagnosis. The predominant clinical manifestation of GCA is the onset of a new headache. Additional prevalent symptoms include jaw claudication, scalp tenderness, and weakness or malaise. We present a case of a 64-year-old woman who presented with jaw claudication and was subsequently admitted with scalp and tongue necrosis, further complicated by a preauricular abscess. Timely diagnosis and intervention for these rare manifestations can diminish the patient's morbidity.</p>","PeriodicalId":6889,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Indonesiana","volume":"58 3","pages":"465-469"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149126214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Performance of Non-Invasive Tests in Assessing Liver Fibrosis Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"Annisa Zahra Mufida, Amal Arifi Hidayat, Ricky Indra Alfaray, Ulfa Kholili, Sony Wibisono, Titong Sugihartono, Nurike Setiyari Mudjari, Robert Dwitama Adiwinoto, Febri Kurniawati, Muhammad Miftahussurur","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Noninvasive tools for assessing liver fibrosis are essential, especially in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) who are at high risk of developing metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between the diagnostic accuracy of the Fibrosis-4 Index (FIB-4), aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), and NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) and the diagnostic accuracy of FibroScan® in Indonesian patients with T2DM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study enrolled 80 outpatients with T2DM. Liver fibrosis was evaluated using FibroScan®. FIB-4, APRI, and NFS were calculated using routine clinical and laboratory parameters. Correlations between noninvasive scores and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess the diagnostic performance for significant fibrosis (≥F2) and cirrhosis (F3-F4).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MAFLD was present in 67.5% of subjects; significant fibrosis and cirrhosis were found in 25% and 7.5% of subjects, respectively. FIB-4 and NFS showed significant correlations with LSM (ρ = 0.291 and 0.296; p < 0.01), whereas APRI did not. FIB-4, APRI, and NFS demonstrated fair to good diagnostic performance for significant fibrosis (area under the curve (AUC) 0.693, 0.685, 0.693) and excellent performance for cirrhosis (AUC 0.825, 0.860, 0.870). Female sex and HOMA-IR were independent predictors of significant fibrosis; AST and platelet count were predictive of cirrhosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FIB-4, APRI, and NFS are effective and affordable screening tools for initial fibrosis in patients with T2DM, particularly in low-resource settings. The combination of these measures may enhance the detection of at-risk individuals for referral and further management.</p>","PeriodicalId":6889,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Indonesiana","volume":"58 3","pages":"326-343"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149126417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Airway Stenting for Benign and Malignant Central Airway Obstruction: A Case Series.","authors":"Sahat Halim, Aziza Harris, Steffi Cong Andi Nata, Achmad Mudassir Muchlis, Almerveldy Azaria Dohong, Gurmeet Singh","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Central airway obstruction (CAO) is a life-threatening condition caused by malignant or benign processes involving the trachea and main bronchi. Bronchoscopic airway stenting is an established intervention to restore airway patency, relieve symptoms, and stabilize patients, particularly in urgent or critical settings. However, its clinical role varies according to underlying etiology and disease context. We report a single-center case series of seven adult patients with symptomatic CAO who underwent bronchoscopic airway stenting. Six cases were associated with malignant disease, and one involved benign obstruction due to endobronchial tuberculosis. Interventions included rigid and/or flexible bronchoscopy, with adjunctive techniques such as balloon dilatation, cryotherapy, and argon plasma coagulation. Stent selection was individualized based on anatomical and etiological considerations. Airway stenting led to immediate improvement in respiratory status in all cases. In benign obstruction, stenting achieved sustained airway patency without significant complications. In malignant CAO, stenting served primarily as a palliative or bridging intervention, providing temporary stabilization and enabling further oncologic or supportive therapy. In critically ill patients, including those with impending airway collapse or post-cardiac arrest, stenting functioned as a lifesaving or salvage procedure. Complications included tumor ingrowth, mucus retention, and infection; no fatal stent-related procedural events occurred. Airway stenting is a versatile and effective modality for managing CAO. Its role differs by etiology, offering durable benefit in benign disease, palliative or stabilizing effects in malignancy, and potential life-saving intervention in selected critically ill patients. Individualized decision-making and multidisciplinary management remain essential to optimize outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":6889,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Indonesiana","volume":"58 3","pages":"442-449"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149126398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}