Living Reviews in Relativity最新文献

{"title":"Solvable models of quantum black holes: a review on Jackiw–Teitelboim gravity","authors":"Thomas G. Mertens,&nbsp;Gustavo J. Turiaci","doi":"10.1007/s41114-023-00046-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41114-023-00046-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We review recent developments in Jackiw–Teitelboim gravity. This is a simple solvable model of quantum gravity in two dimensions (that arises e.g. from the s-wave sector of higher dimensional gravity systems with spherical symmetry). Due to its solvability, it has proven to be a fruitful toy model to analyze important questions such as the relation between black holes and chaos, the role of wormholes in black hole physics and holography, and the way in which information that falls into a black hole can be recovered.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":686,"journal":{"name":"Living Reviews in Relativity","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":26.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10390458/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9987114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Searches for continuous-wave gravitational radiation","authors":"Keith Riles","doi":"10.1007/s41114-023-00044-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41114-023-00044-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Now that detection of gravitational-wave signals from the coalescence of extra-galactic compact binary star mergers has become nearly routine, it is intriguing to consider other potential gravitational-wave signatures. Here we examine the prospects for discovery of continuous gravitational waves from fast-spinning neutron stars in our own galaxy and from more exotic sources. Potential continuous-wave sources are reviewed, search methodologies and results presented and prospects for imminent discovery discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":686,"journal":{"name":"Living Reviews in Relativity","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":40.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41114-023-00044-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4670063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Astrophysics with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna","authors":"Pau Amaro-Seoane,&nbsp;Jeff Andrews,&nbsp;Manuel Arca Sedda,&nbsp;Abbas Askar,&nbsp;Quentin Baghi,&nbsp;Razvan Balasov,&nbsp;Imre Bartos,&nbsp;Simone S. Bavera,&nbsp;Jillian Bellovary,&nbsp;Christopher P. L. Berry,&nbsp;Emanuele Berti,&nbsp;Stefano Bianchi,&nbsp;Laura Blecha,&nbsp;Stéphane Blondin,&nbsp;Tamara Bogdanović,&nbsp;Samuel Boissier,&nbsp;Matteo Bonetti,&nbsp;Silvia Bonoli,&nbsp;Elisa Bortolas,&nbsp;Katelyn Breivik,&nbsp;Pedro R. Capelo,&nbsp;Laurentiu Caramete,&nbsp;Federico Cattorini,&nbsp;Maria Charisi,&nbsp;Sylvain Chaty,&nbsp;Xian Chen,&nbsp;Martyna Chruślińska,&nbsp;Alvin J. K. Chua,&nbsp;Ross Church,&nbsp;Monica Colpi,&nbsp;Daniel D’Orazio,&nbsp;Camilla Danielski,&nbsp;Melvyn B. Davies,&nbsp;Pratika Dayal,&nbsp;Alessandra De Rosa,&nbsp;Andrea Derdzinski,&nbsp;Kyriakos Destounis,&nbsp;Massimo Dotti,&nbsp;Ioana Duţan,&nbsp;Irina Dvorkin,&nbsp;Gaia Fabj,&nbsp;Thierry Foglizzo,&nbsp;Saavik Ford,&nbsp;Jean-Baptiste Fouvry,&nbsp;Alessia Franchini,&nbsp;Tassos Fragos,&nbsp;Chris Fryer,&nbsp;Massimo Gaspari,&nbsp;Davide Gerosa,&nbsp;Luca Graziani,&nbsp;Paul Groot,&nbsp;Melanie Habouzit,&nbsp;Daryl Haggard,&nbsp;Zoltan Haiman,&nbsp;Wen-Biao Han,&nbsp;Alina Istrate,&nbsp;Peter H. Johansson,&nbsp;Fazeel Mahmood Khan,&nbsp;Tomas Kimpson,&nbsp;Kostas Kokkotas,&nbsp;Albert Kong,&nbsp;Valeriya Korol,&nbsp;Kyle Kremer,&nbsp;Thomas Kupfer,&nbsp;Astrid Lamberts,&nbsp;Shane Larson,&nbsp;Mike Lau,&nbsp;Dongliang Liu,&nbsp;Nicole Lloyd-Ronning,&nbsp;Giuseppe Lodato,&nbsp;Alessandro Lupi,&nbsp;Chung-Pei Ma,&nbsp;Tomas Maccarone,&nbsp;Ilya Mandel,&nbsp;Alberto Mangiagli,&nbsp;Michela Mapelli,&nbsp;Stéphane Mathis,&nbsp;Lucio Mayer,&nbsp;Sean McGee,&nbsp;Berry McKernan,&nbsp;M. Coleman Miller,&nbsp;David F. Mota,&nbsp;Matthew Mumpower,&nbsp;Syeda S. Nasim,&nbsp;Gijs Nelemans,&nbsp;Scott Noble,&nbsp;Fabio Pacucci,&nbsp;Francesca Panessa,&nbsp;Vasileios Paschalidis,&nbsp;Hugo Pfister,&nbsp;Delphine Porquet,&nbsp;John Quenby,&nbsp;Angelo Ricarte,&nbsp;Friedrich K. Röpke,&nbsp;John Regan,&nbsp;Stephan Rosswog,&nbsp;Ashley Ruiter,&nbsp;Milton Ruiz,&nbsp;Jessie Runnoe,&nbsp;Raffaella Schneider,&nbsp;Jeremy Schnittman,&nbsp;Amy Secunda,&nbsp;Alberto Sesana,&nbsp;Naoki Seto,&nbsp;Lijing Shao,&nbsp;Stuart Shapiro,&nbsp;Carlos Sopuerta,&nbsp;Nicholas C. Stone,&nbsp;Arthur Suvorov,&nbsp;Nicola Tamanini,&nbsp;Tomas Tamfal,&nbsp;Thomas Tauris,&nbsp;Karel Temmink,&nbsp;John Tomsick,&nbsp;Silvia Toonen,&nbsp;Alejandro Torres-Orjuela,&nbsp;Martina Toscani,&nbsp;Antonios Tsokaros,&nbsp;Caner Unal,&nbsp;Verónica Vázquez-Aceves,&nbsp;Rosa Valiante,&nbsp;Maurice van Putten,&nbsp;Jan van Roestel,&nbsp;Christian Vignali,&nbsp;Marta Volonteri,&nbsp;Kinwah Wu,&nbsp;Ziri Younsi,&nbsp;Shenghua Yu,&nbsp;Silvia Zane,&nbsp;Lorenz Zwick,&nbsp;Fabio Antonini,&nbsp;Vishal Baibhav,&nbsp;Enrico Barausse,&nbsp;Alexander Bonilla Rivera,&nbsp;Marica Branchesi,&nbsp;Graziella Branduardi-Raymont,&nbsp;Kevin Burdge,&nbsp;Srija Chakraborty,&nbsp;Jorge Cuadra,&nbsp;Kristen Dage,&nbsp;Benjamin Davis,&nbsp;Selma E. de Mink,&nbsp;Roberto Decarli,&nbsp;Daniela Doneva,&nbsp;Stephanie Escoffier,&nbsp;Poshak Gandhi,&nbsp;Francesco Haardt,&nbsp;Carlos O. Lousto,&nbsp;Samaya Nissanke,&nbsp;Jason Nordhaus,&nbsp;Richard O’Shaughnessy,&nbsp;Simon Portegies Zwart,&nbsp;Adam Pound,&nbsp;Fabian Schussler,&nbsp;Olga Sergijenko,&nbsp;Alessandro Spallicci,&nbsp;Daniele Vernieri,&nbsp;Alejandro Vigna-Gómez","doi":"10.1007/s41114-022-00041-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41114-022-00041-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will be a transformative experiment for gravitational wave astronomy, and, as such, it will offer unique opportunities to address many key astrophysical questions in a completely novel way. The synergy with ground-based and space-born instruments in the electromagnetic domain, by enabling multi-messenger observations, will add further to the discovery potential of LISA. The next decade is crucial to prepare the astrophysical community for LISA’s first observations. This review outlines the extensive landscape of astrophysical theory, numerical simulations, and astronomical observations that are instrumental for modeling and interpreting the upcoming LISA datastream. To this aim, the current knowledge in three main source classes for LISA is reviewed; ultra-compact stellar-mass binaries, massive black hole binaries, and extreme or interme-diate mass ratio inspirals. The relevant astrophysical processes and the established modeling techniques are summarized. Likewise, open issues and gaps in our understanding of these sources are highlighted, along with an indication of how LISA could help making progress in the different areas. New research avenues that LISA itself, or its joint exploitation with upcoming studies in the electromagnetic domain, will enable, are also illustrated. Improvements in modeling and analysis approaches, such as the combination of numerical simulations and modern data science techniques, are discussed. This review is intended to be a starting point for using LISA as a new discovery tool for understanding our Universe.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":686,"journal":{"name":"Living Reviews in Relativity","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":40.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41114-022-00041-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4582461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamical boson stars","authors":"Steven L. Liebling,&nbsp;Carlos Palenzuela","doi":"10.1007/s41114-023-00043-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41114-023-00043-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The idea of stable, localized bundles of energy has strong appeal as a model for particles. In the 1950s, John Wheeler envisioned such bundles as smooth configurations of electromagnetic energy that he called <i>geons</i>, but none were found. Instead, particle-like solutions were found in the late 1960s with the addition of a scalar field, and these were given the name <i>boson stars</i>. Since then, boson stars find use in a wide variety of models as sources of dark matter, as black hole mimickers, in simple models of binary systems, and as a tool in finding black holes in higher dimensions with only a single Killing vector. We discuss important varieties of boson stars, their dynamic properties, and some of their uses, concentrating on recent efforts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":686,"journal":{"name":"Living Reviews in Relativity","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":40.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41114-023-00043-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4929595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the Universe with emerging cosmological probes","authors":"Michele Moresco,&nbsp;Lorenzo Amati,&nbsp;Luca Amendola,&nbsp;Simon Birrer,&nbsp;John P. Blakeslee,&nbsp;Michele Cantiello,&nbsp;Andrea Cimatti,&nbsp;Jeremy Darling,&nbsp;Massimo Della Valle,&nbsp;Maya Fishbach,&nbsp;Claudio Grillo,&nbsp;Nico Hamaus,&nbsp;Daniel Holz,&nbsp;Luca Izzo,&nbsp;Raul Jimenez,&nbsp;Elisabeta Lusso,&nbsp;Massimo Meneghetti,&nbsp;Ester Piedipalumbo,&nbsp;Alice Pisani,&nbsp;Alkistis Pourtsidou,&nbsp;Lucia Pozzetti,&nbsp;Miguel Quartin,&nbsp;Guido Risaliti,&nbsp;Piero Rosati,&nbsp;Licia Verde","doi":"10.1007/s41114-022-00040-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41114-022-00040-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The detection of the accelerated expansion of the Universe has been one of the major breakthroughs in modern cosmology. Several cosmological probes (Cosmic Microwave Background, Supernovae Type Ia, Baryon Acoustic Oscillations) have been studied in depth to better understand the nature of the mechanism driving this acceleration, and they are being currently pushed to their limits, obtaining remarkable constraints that allowed us to shape the standard cosmological model. In parallel to that, however, the percent precision achieved has recently revealed apparent tensions between measurements obtained from different methods. These are either indicating some unaccounted systematic effects, or are pointing toward new physics. Following the development of CMB, SNe, and BAO cosmology, it is critical to extend our selection of cosmological probes. Novel probes can be exploited to validate results, control or mitigate systematic effects, and, most importantly, to increase the accuracy and robustness of our results. This review is meant to provide a state-of-art benchmark of the latest advances in emerging “beyond-standard” cosmological probes. We present how several different methods can become a key resource for observational cosmology. In particular, we review cosmic chronometers, quasars, gamma-ray bursts, standard sirens, lensing time-delay with galaxies and clusters, cosmic voids, neutral hydrogen intensity mapping, surface brightness fluctuations, stellar ages of the oldest objects, secular redshift drift, and clustering of standard candles. The review describes the method, systematics, and results of each probe in a homogeneous way, giving the reader a clear picture of the available innovative methods that have been introduced in recent years and how to apply them. The review also discusses the potential synergies and complementarities between the various probes, exploring how they will contribute to the future of modern cosmology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":686,"journal":{"name":"Living Reviews in Relativity","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":26.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41114-022-00040-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88668833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Gravitational wave detection by interferometry (ground and space)","authors":"Sheila Rowan,&nbsp;Jim Hough","doi":"10.1007/s41114-022-00039-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41114-022-00039-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":686,"journal":{"name":"Living Reviews in Relativity","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":26.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41114-022-00039-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78723492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New horizons for fundamental physics with LISA","authors":"K. G. Arun,&nbsp;Enis Belgacem,&nbsp;Robert Benkel,&nbsp;Laura Bernard,&nbsp;Emanuele Berti,&nbsp;Gianfranco Bertone,&nbsp;Marc Besancon,&nbsp;Diego Blas,&nbsp;Christian G. Böhmer,&nbsp;Richard Brito,&nbsp;Gianluca Calcagni,&nbsp;Alejandro Cardenas-Avendaño,&nbsp;Katy Clough,&nbsp;Marco Crisostomi,&nbsp;Valerio De Luca,&nbsp;Daniela Doneva,&nbsp;Stephanie Escoffier,&nbsp;José María Ezquiaga,&nbsp;Pedro G. Ferreira,&nbsp;Pierre Fleury,&nbsp;Stefano Foffa,&nbsp;Gabriele Franciolini,&nbsp;Noemi Frusciante,&nbsp;Juan García-Bellido,&nbsp;Carlos Herdeiro,&nbsp;Thomas Hertog,&nbsp;Tanja Hinderer,&nbsp;Philippe Jetzer,&nbsp;Lucas Lombriser,&nbsp;Elisa Maggio,&nbsp;Michele Maggiore,&nbsp;Michele Mancarella,&nbsp;Andrea Maselli,&nbsp;Sourabh Nampalliwar,&nbsp;David Nichols,&nbsp;Maria Okounkova,&nbsp;Paolo Pani,&nbsp;Vasileios Paschalidis,&nbsp;Alvise Raccanelli,&nbsp;Lisa Randall,&nbsp;Sébastien Renaux-Petel,&nbsp;Antonio Riotto,&nbsp;Milton Ruiz,&nbsp;Alexander Saffer,&nbsp;Mairi Sakellariadou,&nbsp;Ippocratis D. Saltas,&nbsp;B. S. Sathyaprakash,&nbsp;Lijing Shao,&nbsp;Carlos F. Sopuerta,&nbsp;Thomas P. Sotiriou,&nbsp;Nikolaos Stergioulas,&nbsp;Nicola Tamanini,&nbsp;Filippo Vernizzi,&nbsp;Helvi Witek,&nbsp;Kinwah Wu,&nbsp;Kent Yagi,&nbsp;Stoytcho Yazadjiev,&nbsp;Nicolás Yunes,&nbsp;Miguel Zilhão,&nbsp;Niayesh Afshordi,&nbsp;Marie-Christine Angonin,&nbsp;Vishal Baibhav,&nbsp;Enrico Barausse,&nbsp;Tiago Barreiro,&nbsp;Nicola Bartolo,&nbsp;Nicola Bellomo,&nbsp;Ido Ben-Dayan,&nbsp;Eric A. Bergshoeff,&nbsp;Sebastiano Bernuzzi,&nbsp;Daniele Bertacca,&nbsp;Swetha Bhagwat,&nbsp;Béatrice Bonga,&nbsp;Lior M. Burko,&nbsp;Geoffrey Compére,&nbsp;Giulia Cusin,&nbsp;Antonio da Silva,&nbsp;Saurya Das,&nbsp;Claudia de Rham,&nbsp;Kyriakos Destounis,&nbsp;Ema Dimastrogiovanni,&nbsp;Francisco Duque,&nbsp;Richard Easther,&nbsp;Hontas Farmer,&nbsp;Matteo Fasiello,&nbsp;Stanislav Fisenko,&nbsp;Kwinten Fransen,&nbsp;Jörg Frauendiener,&nbsp;Jonathan Gair,&nbsp;László Árpád Gergely,&nbsp;Davide Gerosa,&nbsp;Leonardo Gualtieri,&nbsp;Wen-Biao Han,&nbsp;Aurelien Hees,&nbsp;Thomas Helfer,&nbsp;Jörg Hennig,&nbsp;Alexander C. Jenkins,&nbsp;Eric Kajfasz,&nbsp;Nemanja Kaloper,&nbsp;Vladimír Karas,&nbsp;Bradley J. Kavanagh,&nbsp;Sergei A. Klioner,&nbsp;Savvas M. Koushiappas,&nbsp;Macarena Lagos,&nbsp;Christophe Le Poncin-Lafitte,&nbsp;Francisco S. N. Lobo,&nbsp;Charalampos Markakis,&nbsp;Prado Martín-Moruno,&nbsp;C. J. A. P. Martins,&nbsp;Sabino Matarrese,&nbsp;Daniel R. Mayerson,&nbsp;José P. Mimoso,&nbsp;Johannes Noller,&nbsp;Nelson J. Nunes,&nbsp;Roberto Oliveri,&nbsp;Giorgio Orlando,&nbsp;George Pappas,&nbsp;Igor Pikovski,&nbsp;Luigi Pilo,&nbsp;Jiří Podolský,&nbsp;Geraint Pratten,&nbsp;Tomislav Prokopec,&nbsp;Hong Qi,&nbsp;Saeed Rastgoo,&nbsp;Angelo Ricciardone,&nbsp;Rocco Rollo,&nbsp;Diego Rubiera-Garcia,&nbsp;Olga Sergijenko,&nbsp;Stuart Shapiro,&nbsp;Deirdre Shoemaker,&nbsp;Alessandro Spallicci,&nbsp;Oleksandr Stashko,&nbsp;Leo C. Stein,&nbsp;Gianmassimo Tasinato,&nbsp;Andrew J. Tolley,&nbsp;Elias C. Vagenas,&nbsp;Stefan Vandoren,&nbsp;Daniele Vernieri,&nbsp;Rodrigo Vicente,&nbsp;Toby Wiseman,&nbsp;Valery I. Zhdanov,&nbsp;Miguel Zumalacárregui","doi":"10.1007/s41114-022-00036-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41114-022-00036-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) has the potential to reveal wonders about the fundamental theory of nature at play in the extreme gravity regime, where the gravitational interaction is both strong and dynamical. In this white paper, the Fundamental Physics Working Group of the LISA Consortium summarizes the current topics in fundamental physics where LISA observations of gravitational waves can be expected to provide key input. We provide the briefest of reviews to then delineate avenues for future research directions and to discuss connections between this working group, other working groups and the consortium work package teams. These connections must be developed for LISA to live up to its science potential in these areas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":686,"journal":{"name":"Living Reviews in Relativity","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":26.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41114-022-00036-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81305681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electromagnetic counterparts to massive black-hole mergers","authors":"Tamara Bogdanović,&nbsp;M. Coleman Miller,&nbsp;Laura Blecha","doi":"10.1007/s41114-022-00037-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41114-022-00037-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The next two decades are expected to open the door to the first coincident detections of electromagnetic (EM) and gravitational-wave (GW) signatures associated with massive black-hole (MBH) binaries heading for coalescence. These detections will launch a new era of multimessenger astrophysics by expanding this growing field to the low-frequency GW regime and will provide an unprecedented understanding of the evolution of MBHs and galaxies. They will also constitute fundamentally new probes of cosmology and would enable unique tests of gravity. The aim of this Living Review is to provide an introduction to this research topic by presenting a summary of key findings, physical processes and ideas pertaining to EM counterparts to MBH mergers as they are known at the time of this writing. We review current observational evidence for close MBH binaries, discuss relevant physical processes and timescales, and summarize the possible EM counterparts to GWs in the precursor, coalescence, and afterglow stages of a MBH merger. We also describe open questions and discuss future prospects in this dynamic and quick-paced research area.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":686,"journal":{"name":"Living Reviews in Relativity","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":26.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9232481/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10433206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced order and surrogate models for gravitational waves","authors":"Manuel Tiglio,&nbsp;Aarón Villanueva","doi":"10.1007/s41114-022-00035-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41114-022-00035-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We present an introduction to some of the state of the art in reduced order and surrogate modeling in gravitational-wave (GW) science. Approaches that we cover include principal component analysis, proper orthogonal (singular value) decompositions, the reduced basis approach, the empirical interpolation method, reduced order quadratures, and compressed likelihood evaluations. We divide the review into three parts: representation/compression of known data, predictive models, and data analysis. The targeted audience is practitioners in GW science, a field in which building predictive models and data analysis tools that are both accurate and fast to evaluate, especially when dealing with large amounts of data and intensive computations, are necessary yet can be challenging. As such, practical presentations and, sometimes, heuristic approaches are here preferred over rigor when the latter is not available. This review aims to be self-contained, within reasonable page limits, with little previous knowledge (at the undergraduate level) requirements in mathematics, scientific computing, and related disciplines. Emphasis is placed on optimality, as well as the curse of dimensionality and approaches that might have the promise of beating it. We also review most of the state of the art of GW surrogates. Some numerical algorithms, conditioning details, scalability, parallelization and other practical points are discussed. The approaches presented are to a large extent non-intrusive (in the sense that no differential equations are invoked) and data-driven and can therefore be applicable to other disciplines. We close with open challenges in high dimension surrogates, which are not unique to GW science.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":686,"journal":{"name":"Living Reviews in Relativity","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":26.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41114-022-00035-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77995215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rates of compact object coalescences","authors":"Ilya Mandel,&nbsp;Floor S. Broekgaarden","doi":"10.1007/s41114-021-00034-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41114-021-00034-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gravitational-wave detections are enabling measurements of the rate of coalescences of binaries composed of two compact objects—neutron stars and/or black holes. The coalescence rate of binaries containing neutron stars is further constrained by electromagnetic observations, including Galactic radio binary pulsars and short gamma-ray bursts. Meanwhile, increasingly sophisticated models of compact objects merging through a variety of evolutionary channels produce a range of theoretically predicted rates. Rapid improvements in instrument sensitivity, along with plans for new and improved surveys, make this an opportune time to summarise the existing observational and theoretical knowledge of compact-binary coalescence rates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":686,"journal":{"name":"Living Reviews in Relativity","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":40.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41114-021-00034-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4678184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}