中国会展 Pub Date : 2000-09-11 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2000.882162

A. R. Wilbur

{"title":"Fish habitat characterization and assessment: approach to integrate seafloor features and juvenile organisms data","authors":"A. R. Wilbur","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2000.882162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2000.882162","url":null,"abstract":"This study described seafloor features and juvenile fish community structure to provide a qualitative fish habitat assessment. Ocean-related uses and management strategies, ranging from coastal development and dredged material disposal to fishery activities and marine conservation measures, often influence marine and estuarine habitat and life. A major component of ocean resources management entails the conservation and protection of marine and estuarine habitats, such as nursery habitat. The development of effective fish habitat monitoring and assessment is essential to achieving a balance between conservation, sustainable development and ocean-use management strategies. Ontogenetic development of marine and estuarine organisms depends on specific environmental attributes, and seafloor conditions often dictate the distribution, abundance and composition of bottom-dwelling macrofauna. Demersal juvenile stages of fishes and decapods, newly settled and early benthic phase life history-in particular, require abiotic and biotic benthic resources for survivorship and growth. Marine and estuarine habitats that present productive environmental conditions for early life history fishes and invertebrates are characterized as nursery habitats. Demersal juveniles, such as American lobster, Atlantic cod and rock gunnel, exhibit ecological requirements typically characterized by microhabitat attributes and complex benthos. The benthic environment presents diverse resources and interactions that influence the biology of an area. Mobile and sedentary macrofauna have evolved an obligatory and facultative dependence on benthos with particular attributes. Describing complexity of the seafloor is a method of examining benthos-organism relationships. Seafloor complexity shapes topographic structure and vertical relief and is based on sediment type, bed forms and biological structure.","PeriodicalId":68534,"journal":{"name":"中国会展","volume":"70 1","pages":"1555-1561 vol.3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87965362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

An overview of the ASIMOV acoustic communication system ASIMOV声通信系统概述

中国会展 Pub Date : 2000-09-11 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2000.882174

J. Gomes, V. Barroso, G. Ayela, P. Coince

引用次数: 11

Evolution of the autonomous surface craft AutoCat 自动水面艇AutoCat的发展

中国会展 Pub Date : 2000-09-11 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881292

Justin E. Manley, Aaron Marsh, Whitney Comforth, Colette Wiseman

{"title":"Evolution of the autonomous surface craft AutoCat","authors":"Justin E. Manley, Aaron Marsh, Whitney Comforth, Colette Wiseman","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881292","url":null,"abstract":"At the MIT Sea Grant College Program, autonomous surface craft (ASCs) have been under development since 1993. These systems have been designed for various missions and have demonstrated success in three separate iterations. The current goal of ASC research at MIT is to develop an easily deployed system that can serve as a tool for educational use, as a precision survey platform, and as a communications and navigation link to an AUV. In the past, this goal has been hampered by limitations in the mechanical design of the current system. Since September 1998 significant improvements have been made to the design of the current ASC. New power, propulsion, and control systems have been installed. These improve the performance of the vehicle and significantly reduce the mechanical and electronic failures that troubled the previous system. In addition, structural modifications have been made to make deployments and operations easier. These design improvements promise to make the ASC a more useful tool for, and provide greater service to, the Autonomous Underwater Vehicles Laboratory at MIT. The paper briefly presents the history of ASC development at MIT. It then documents the design changes made to the current vehicle. The problems experienced with the old designs are identified and the improvements represented by the new systems are explained. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the next mission for the ASC.","PeriodicalId":68534,"journal":{"name":"中国会展","volume":"39 1","pages":"403-408 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76678203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 110

Determination of sea bottom temperature variations and their effect on underwater data recorder electronics 海底温度变化的测定及其对水下数据记录仪电子设备的影响

中国会展 Pub Date : 2000-09-11 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2000.882183

A. Rafanelli, W. B. Robinson

引用次数: 4

Slowly varying wave drifting force on a very large floating structure in short crested waves 在短波峰中对大型浮体结构的慢变漂波力

中国会展 Pub Date : 2000-09-11 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881310

T. Ikoma, H. Maeda, C. Rheem

{"title":"Slowly varying wave drifting force on a very large floating structure in short crested waves","authors":"T. Ikoma, H. Maeda, C. Rheem","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881310","url":null,"abstract":"Hydroelastic responses of very large floating structures (VLFS) have been studied activity in Japan. Most targets of them are hydroelastic behavior and an estimation method of linear hydrodynamic forces for the prediction of it. However a design of mooring system is very important to install a VLFS in a real sea area. Then, it is advisable that slowly varying wave drifting forces, which are the 2nd-order wave excitation, are predicted accurately. The authors have validated the theoretical method of the wave drifting force on the elastic floating bodies in long crested and crossing irregular waves by comparing with results of the model tests. It seems that irregularity and multi-directional quality greatly affect to the wave drifting force on a VLFS comparing to general scale floating structures. In this paper, characteristics of the slowly varying wave drifting forces on a VLFS are investigated systematically by numerical calculations with elastic behavior. A wave drifting yaw moment increases due to geometrical asymmetry of elastic behavior in short crested waves. Slowly varying wave drifting forces occurs due to interactions of wave frequencies in component waves. In case of the multi-directional irregular waves, there are effects due to the frequency's interaction of component waves in not only a same direction but also different direction. The terms of the latter effect are investigated in this paper.","PeriodicalId":68534,"journal":{"name":"中国会展","volume":"17 1 1","pages":"533-539 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88629840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

The impact of cosine collector geometry on aquatic spectroradiometer performance 余弦收集器几何形状对水光谱辐射计性能的影响

中国会展 Pub Date : 2000-09-11 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2000.882233

J. Morrow, D. Goebel, C. Booth, R. Reynolds

{"title":"The impact of cosine collector geometry on aquatic spectroradiometer performance","authors":"J. Morrow, D. Goebel, C. Booth, R. Reynolds","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2000.882233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2000.882233","url":null,"abstract":"The design of underwater instruments is often a compromise between instrument optical performance features, ruggedness of design, and communications bandwidth. Further, the increased number of spectral bands reported by newer sensing systems and the wide dynamic range observed in optical signals in situ places special challenges on the design of next generation instrumentation. Error introduced into irradiance measurements by departures from a true cosine response is one important characteristic of spectroradiometer performance. Using laboratory data acquired using a newly developed nineteen wavelength PRR-800/810 Profiling Reflectance Radiometer, this paper illustrates the impact of cosine collector geometry on measurements of spectral irradiance. Typical departures from true cosine response for the PRR-800 are less than /spl plusmn/2% over the visible region of the spectrum over zenith angles /spl plusmn/65/spl deg/, with /spl plusmn/10% out to +/- 88/spl deg/. Using a uniformly diffuse light field, estimates of the inaccuracy from geometric errors integrated over all zenith and azimuthal angles are less than 2.5% total error throughout the visible region.","PeriodicalId":68534,"journal":{"name":"中国会展","volume":"292 1","pages":"2001-2004 vol.3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77171223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

MYSound-a partnership for monitoring Long Island Sound water quality and dynamics mysound -监测长岛Sound水质和动态的合作伙伴关系

中国会展 Pub Date : 2000-09-11 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881300

W. Bohlen, M. M. Howard-Strobel, D. Cohen, P. Tebeau, M. Murphy

{"title":"MYSound-a partnership for monitoring Long Island Sound water quality and dynamics","authors":"W. Bohlen, M. M. Howard-Strobel, D. Cohen, P. Tebeau, M. Murphy","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881300","url":null,"abstract":"In September 1998, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Long Island Sound Project Office and the University of Connecticut (UConn) initiated development of a prototype marine environmental-monitoring network for Long Island Sound. The project, known as the MYSound Project (for Monitoring Your Sound), is being funded under the EPA's Environmental Monitoring for Public Access and Community Tracking (EMPACT) Program. The goal of the project is to provide comprehensive, timely marine water-quality monitoring data on Long Island Sound and its harbors and estuaries, and to use these data as a means to increase public understanding of water quality, its importance, and governing factors. The key component in the project is the establishment of an array of coastal water-quality monitoring stations in the vicinity of Bridgeport, New Haven, and New London, Connecticut (CT), as well as stations at the western end of the Sound. These stations use in-situ sensors and real-time data processing and telemetry to capture and transmit data to shore. The composite data set is being compiled at UConn and presented in real time on the project Web site in a format that can be assimilated by project participants, stake-holders, and the public. The project is in the second year of a three-year effort. This paper describes the current status of the project, lessons learned to date, and future plans to expand the scope of the network and make it sustainable over the long term.","PeriodicalId":68534,"journal":{"name":"中国会展","volume":"99 1","pages":"459-464 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77233826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Automation of a mass spectrometer and extraction line for the determination of noble gas isotopes in rocks 用于测定岩石中稀有气体同位素的质谱仪和萃取线的自动化

中国会展 Pub Date : 2000-09-11 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881244

R. Singer, J. Curtice, M. Kurz, D. Lott

{"title":"Automation of a mass spectrometer and extraction line for the determination of noble gas isotopes in rocks","authors":"R. Singer, J. Curtice, M. Kurz, D. Lott","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2000.881244","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the automation of an extraction line and mass spectrometer for the determination of noble gas isotope concentrations in rock and mineral samples, housed in the Isotope Geochemistry Facility at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI). The gas extraction occurs in an automated ultra-high-vacuum system designed and fabricated at WHOI. The noble gases of interest are extracted in vacuo by crushing or high temperature fusion, separated using a cryogenic charcoal trap (operated between 70 and 3000 K), and delivered to a Mass Analyzer Products 215-50 mass spectrometer for measurement of isotopic composition. The system is controlled by a PC running under the Windows NT operating system. The software, largely written in Visual Basic and developed at WHOI, provides for synchronization of the extraction process with the mass spectrometer measurements. The extraction line control software is written so that the user can easily modify and customize the procedures, and allows automated operation. The extraction line software also provides a test scheduler, with building blocks which allow control of the system hardware by the computer without programming for modification and extension of the system by the operators. Software on a second PC controls the operation of the mass spectrometer over an IEEE-488 (GPIB) bus. This code was modified at WHOI to provide for the synchronization of the mass spectrometer with the extraction line and to optimize the determination of the measured gas concentrations. The system is primarily used to make helium and neon isotope measurements, in full 24 hour automation mode, but has also been designed and tested for Ar and Xe isotopes. This system is devoted to the measurement of both mantle and cosmic-ray-produced noble gas isotopes.","PeriodicalId":68534,"journal":{"name":"中国会展","volume":"124 1","pages":"119-122 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77354071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Copper-nickel alloys for marine applications 船用铜镍合金

中国会展 Pub Date : 2000-09-11 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2000.882198

C. Powell, J. F. Jenkins

引用次数: 2

Measurement of fish velocity using Doppler sonar 用多普勒声纳测量鱼的速度

中国会展 Pub Date : 2000-09-11 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2000.882225

L. Zedel, T. Knutsen

{"title":"Measurement of fish velocity using Doppler sonar","authors":"L. Zedel, T. Knutsen","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2000.882225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2000.882225","url":null,"abstract":"Velocity bias in Doppler current profiler data caused by fish movements is a recognized problem. The authors take the alternative perspective and investigate to what degree Doppler profilers can determine fish velocities. Field data collected with an RD Instruments 307 kHz Workhorse Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) demonstrate an ability to measure the speed and swimming direction of large herring schools off the coast of Norway. For smaller fish concentrations, direct velocity measurements are not possible. In order to investigate how the broad-band system responds to discrete targets, a series of tests were undertaken in a tow-tank facility. Styrofoam spheres of from 2.5 to 12.5 cm in diameter were positioned alone and in target arrays of up to 27 spheres. Target locations were identified by combining echo amplitude and signal autocorrelation data. For the system configuration tested, single ping estimates of (horizontal) velocity had a standard deviation as low as 10 cm s/sup -1/. This accuracy is substantially better than the single ping accuracy of /spl sime/40 cm s/sup -1/ expected for the broad-band system as configured and suggests that for distinct, isolated targets, the approach is equivalent to fully coherent Doppler processing.","PeriodicalId":68534,"journal":{"name":"中国会展","volume":"71 1","pages":"1951-1956 vol.3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90404581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

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