中华内科杂志最新文献

{"title":"[To improve the homogeneity of primary diabetes health management: interpretation of the national guidelines for the prevention and control of diabetes in primary care (2025)].","authors":"C Cai, W P Jia","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20260204-00073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20260204-00073","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":68309,"journal":{"name":"中华内科杂志","volume":"65 5","pages":"403-406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147857886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Development and validation of an extremely-low frequency pressure reactivity index for traumatic brain injury outcomes].","authors":"L F Chen, X C Wang, X T Wang, Y G Chao, J Q Gao, Y Y Lin, J Q Xu, M Li, Y X Hong, Y Q Liu, Y Q Yao, W X Fan, X L Shang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20251021-00634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20251021-00634","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To develop an ultra-low-frequency pressure reactivity index (PRx) (EL-PRx) based on hourly data (0.000 28 Hz) as an alternative to the conventional PRx, which requires high-frequency sampling, and provide a prognostic tool for traumatic brain injury (TBI) in resource-limited settings. <b>Methods:</b> This multicenter retrospective cohort study included 473 participants, including patients with TBI who were identified from the MIMIC-Ⅳ and eICU-CRD databases and those admitted to Fujian Provincial Hospital affiliated with Fuzhou University between April 2018 and April 2025. They were divided into survival (<i>n</i>=360) and non-survival (<i>n</i>=113) groups based on in-hospital all-cause mortality data. EL-PRx was calculated using 9-23 h moving windows. Propensity score matching (1∶1, caliper width 0.1×logit standard deviation) was performed to adjust for confounders, including demographics, vital signs, laboratory findings, comorbidities, supportive therapies, and IMPACT model variables. Restricted cubic spline analysis, univariate logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were used to evaluate the association between EL-PRx and outcomes and its predictive performance. The optimal clinical threshold was determined using sequential Chi-squared testing. <b>Results:</b> A total of 473 patients were included (360 survivors and 113 non-survivors). EL-PRx was significantly higher for non-survivors than for survivors. The values were 0.14 (0.00, 0.30) and 0.07 (-0.10, 0.16) (<i>P</i>=0.003), respectively, within the 9-h window, and consistent differences were observed across other time windows (all <i>P</i><0.05). Restricted cubic spline analysis demonstrated a non-linear positive association between EL-PRx and mortality risk. Univariate logistic regression showed that EL-PRx was significantly associated with mortality across different time windows, with odds ratios ranging from 3.825 to 8.073 (all <i>P</i><0.05); the strongest effect was observed within the 17-h window (<i>OR</i>=8.073, 95%<i>CI</i> 2.053-35.697). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that predictive performance was optimal on days 5-6 with a maximum AUC of 0.667. Sequential Chi-squared testing identified 0.15 as the optimal clinical threshold for EL-PRx, which became stable when monitoring duration was≥3-4 days. <b>Conclusion:</b> EL-PRx, which is derived from routinely collected hourly data, can effectively predict in-hospital mortality for patients with TBI. Its threshold is comparable to that of conventional PRx, making it suitable for intensive care settings with limited monitoring resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":68309,"journal":{"name":"中华内科杂志","volume":"65 5","pages":"437-451"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147857859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The 517th case:anhidrosis, orthostatic hypotension, dizziness and fatigue, alternating constipation and diarrhea].","authors":"X X Jin, R J Ding, F Guo, K He, L Q Cui, X Li, J L Zhuang, M Y Zhang, M Shen, H Wang, J Y Dai","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20251218-00777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20251218-00777","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We reported a middle-aged man who initially presented with anhidrosis for 20 years and subsequently developed severe orthostatic hypotension, gastrointestinal dysmotility, and urogenital dysfunction. Due to progressive symptom aggravation, he was hospitalized and underwent comprehensive clinical assessment, neurophysiological studies, autonomic function tests, and multidisciplinary team (MDT) evaluation. The final diagnosis was pure autonomic failure (PAF). This case describes in detail the patient's long diagnostic course, differential diagnostic reasoning, the pivotal role of MDT management, and individualized treatment strategies and outcomes. The report aims to enhance the understanding of primary autonomic disorders characterized by neurogenic orthostatic hypotension for physicians, emphasizing the importance of systematic etiological screening and multidisciplinary collaboration in rare disease diagnosis and management to reduce misdiagnosis and improve prognosis and quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":68309,"journal":{"name":"中华内科杂志","volume":"65 5","pages":"508-512"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147857869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Natural history of thyroid nodules based on ultrasound ACR-TIRADS classifications].","authors":"J F Lin, X D Hu, S Y Kang, X M Jia, H J Xu, Z X Xu, R H Chen, Z H Lyu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20260107-00012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20260107-00012","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Objective:&lt;/b&gt; To characterize the longitudinal evolution of thyroid nodules across ultrasound-based American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR-TIRADS) categories with respect to nodule size, ultrasonographic features, and the presence of abnormal cervical lymph nodes. &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; A single-center retrospective cohort study. Clinical and follow-up data were collected for patients with thyroid nodules who initially attended the Endocrinology Outpatient Clinic of the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2018 to March 2022 (the first month of each quarter served as the enrollment period). Collected variables included gender, age, nodule size, number of nodules, and ultrasonographic features. Nodules were classified according to the ACR-TIRADS criteria. Generalized estimating equations were used to compare changes in indicators such as nodule size and ultrasonographic features during follow-up. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; In total, 5 467 patients with 12 668 nodules were included. The mean age of the enrolled patients was (49.6±13.0) years, and 76.2% (4 164/5 467) were female. Multiple nodules were present in 83.7% (4 575/5 467) of patients. Among the 12 668 nodules at baseline, the proportions of nodules in ACR-TIRADS categories 1-2, 3, 4, and 5 were 70.7% (8 957/12 668), 19.6% (2 485/12 668), 6.1% (769/12 668), and 3.6% (457/12 668), respectively. The mean follow-up duration was (48.2±3.8) months. During follow-up, regardless of the ACR-TIRADS category, only 25.6% (3 246/12 668) of nodules showed significant enlargement, and most remained stable in size. The difference in nodule size changes across different ACR-TIRADS categories was statistically significant (Wald &lt;i&gt;χ&lt;/i&gt;²=126.37, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;&lt;/i&gt;0.001). ACR-TIRADS category 5 nodules had the highest proportion of stable size, reaching 75.7% (346/457), while ACR-TIRADS category 3 nodules had the highest proportion of enlargement (29.2%, 726/2 485). Overall, 12.7% (1 605/12 668) and 3.9% (490/12 668) of nodules were upgraded or downgraded, respectively, due to changes in ultrasonographic features. The difference in ultrasonographic feature changes across different categories was statistically significant (Wald &lt;i&gt;χ&lt;/i&gt;²=1 872.45, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;&lt;/i&gt;0.001). The highest rates of classification upgrade and downgrade were observed in ACR-TIRADS category 4 nodules (25.9%, 199/769) and category 5 nodules (21.4%, 98/457), respectively; ACR-TIRADS categories 1-2 nodules had the highest proportion of stable classification (87.4%, 7 826/8 957). During follow-up, the papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) detection rates for nodules that underwent fine-needle aspiration biopsy due to simple enlargement, classification upgrade alone, or enlargement combined with classification upgrade were 21.8% (47/216), 35.7% (71/199), and 41.8% (41/98), respectively. The overall difference in PTC detection rates among the three biopsy indications was statistically significant (Wald &lt;","PeriodicalId":68309,"journal":{"name":"中华内科杂志","volume":"65 5","pages":"430-436"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147857884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Conceptual innovation in stroke prevention and control: from \"post-stroke anxiety\" to \"stroke anxiety\"].","authors":"Z Y Wang, Y Q Shen, P Xie","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20250729-00441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20250729-00441","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":68309,"journal":{"name":"中华内科杂志","volume":"65 5","pages":"413-417"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147857721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Research progress of large artificial intelligence models in the field of heart failure].","authors":"C C Dong, Q Q Wu, L Liu, S L Zhang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20251215-00767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20251215-00767","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":68309,"journal":{"name":"中华内科杂志","volume":"65 5","pages":"487-490"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147857819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Construction and validation of a risk prediction model for secondary sepsis in pneumonia].","authors":"W P Yang, R Guo, S W Zhao, N Zhou, X R Xu, C J Liu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20250730-00448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20250730-00448","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This bidirectional cohort study included 452 patients with pneumonia (modeling cohort) from the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine at Jinan People's Hospital retrospectively enrolled between January 2021 and December 2023, and 300 patients with newly diagnosed pneumonia (validation cohort) prospectively recruited from January to December 2024. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression (10-fold cross-validation, <i>λ</i>=0.023) was initially applied for dimensionality reduction. Subsequently, Firth-penalized logistic regression was used to construct the predictive model, followed by the development of a P-Sep scoring system. The system was validated using the bootstrap method (500 resamples) and an independent prospective cohort. Multivariate analysis identified four independent predictors of interest: invasive mechanical ventilation (<i>OR</i>=5.12, 95%<i>CI</i> 3.05-8.61); positive blood culture (<i>OR</i>=4.23, 95%<i>CI</i> 2.38-7.51); lactate ≥ 2 mmol/L (<i>OR</i>=3.15, 95%<i>CI</i> 1.92-5.18); and serum amyloid A ≥100 mg/L (<i>OR</i>=2.58, 95%<i>CI</i> 1.52-4.39). The investigators established that the P-Sep score (0-12 points) was an independent predictor denoting low risk (0-5 points), intermediate risk (6-8 points), and high risk (≥9 points). In the modeling cohort, the area under the curve was 0.87 (95%<i>CI</i> 0.83-0.91; sensitivity: 85.2%; specificity: 89.3%). In the validation cohort, the area under the curve was 0.86 (95%<i>CI</i> 0.82-0.89; sensitivity: 84.8%; specificity: 89.1%). In addition, based on data from both cohorts, the predictive performance of the P-Sep score was compared with that of the Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment and CURB-65. The results demonstrated that the P-Sep score exhibited favorable predictive efficacy in the warning of secondary sepsis in patients with pneumonia.</p>","PeriodicalId":68309,"journal":{"name":"中华内科杂志","volume":"65 5","pages":"473-477"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147857726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Effectiveness of early proactive telephone follow-up on perioperative medication adherence in patients with atrial fibrillation].","authors":"C Liu, A Ma, J H Shi, Y Z Zhao, W Y Wang, L He, X P Zhao, C S Ma","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20251230-00802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20251230-00802","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Objective:&lt;/b&gt; To investigate the impact of adding an early proactive telephone follow-up (2-4 weeks post-ablation) to routine follow-up on perioperative medication adherence, incidence of clinical outcome events, and re-consultation in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing catheter ablation. &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; This study employed a prospective cohort design. The intervention group included 554 patients who underwent catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation at our hospital in January 2025, receiving an additional telephone follow-up within 2-4 weeks post-ablation. The control group included 910 patients who underwent catheter ablation at our hospital in February 2025, receiving only routine first outpatient follow-up at 3 months post-ablation. The telephone follow-up content included verifying comprehension of medical orders, guiding medication administration, answering questions, assessing postoperative recovery, identifying abnormal symptoms, providing medical advice, and offering psychological support. The primary outcome measure was medication adherence at 3 months post-ablation. Secondary outcome measures included the incidence of thromboembolic events, bleeding events, and re-consultation within 3 months post-ablation. All data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 26.0; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;-values&lt;0.05 indicated statistical significance. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups (all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;-values&gt;0.05). Regarding medication adherence at 3 months post-ablation, the proportion of patients regularly taking anticoagulants in the intervention group (56.50%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (44.07%) (&lt;i&gt;χ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=21.30, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.001); the proportion of patients who self-discontinued medication in the intervention group (27.26%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (41.87%) (&lt;i&gt;χ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=31.78, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.001). For the incidence of thromboembolic and bleeding events, no statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups (all &lt;i&gt;P-&lt;/i&gt;values&gt;0.05). Specifically, the incidence of thromboembolic events was 1.08% (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;=6) in the intervention group and 1.65% (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;=15) in the control group (&lt;i&gt;χ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=0.77, &lt;i&gt;P=&lt;/i&gt;0.379); the incidence of bleeding events was 0.18% (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;=1) and 0.22% (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;=2), respectively (&lt;i&gt;χ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=0.19, &lt;i&gt;P=&lt;/i&gt;0.664). The overall incidence of any thromboembolic or bleeding event was 1.26% (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;=7) and 1.76% (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;=16), respectively, and this difference was not statistically significant (&lt;i&gt;χ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=0.54, &lt;i&gt;P=&lt;/i&gt;0.460). Regarding re-consultation, the incidence of outpatient visits due to cardiovascular disease was significantly lower in the intervention group (2.53%, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;=14) than in the control group (6.81%, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;=62) (&lt;i&gt;χ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=12.84, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.001). No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups for ","PeriodicalId":68309,"journal":{"name":"中华内科杂志","volume":"65 5","pages":"459-464"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147857864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The 516th case: hyperinflammatory state, acute renal dysfunction, hepatosplenomegaly with lymphadenopathy, and recurrent cerebral infarctions].","authors":"S Zhang, S X Ai, X Sun, L Chang, J Y Shi, W Y Zheng, Y Z Zhou, H T Liu, N Ma, K Zheng, L Zhang, P Xia","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20250811-00474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20250811-00474","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 25-year-old male patient presented with diarrhea, elevated serum creatinine, and thrombocytopenia for six months, with a recurrence for one month. He developed a systemic hyperinflammatory state following SARS-CoV-2 infection, involving the renal, gastrointestinal, and hematologic systems. Although glucocorticoid therapy initially demonstrated efficacy, the patient experienced disease relapse post-gastrointestinal infection, complicated by recurrent cerebral infarctions. Through multidisciplinary collaboration and integrated assessment of clinical manifestations and lymph node biopsy pathology, a diagnosis of idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD) with TAFRO syndrome was established. Following aggressive treatment targeting the primary disease, the patient achieved complete remission. This case illustrates that the complex clinical presentation of iMCD-TAFRO syndrome requires early intervention and rigorous multidisciplinary cooperation to improve patient prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":68309,"journal":{"name":"中华内科杂志","volume":"65 4","pages":"396-402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147629419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Clinical characteristics of 125 hospitalized patients with thunderstorm asthma in Lanzhou].","authors":"Y Z Sang, F F Lei, X H Xiao, Y P Ning, H Pan, C X Ye, H X Li, H N Lu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20251117-00696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20251117-00696","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To investigate the clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with thunderstorm asthma. <b>Methods:</b> Clinical data from 125 patients with thunderstorm asthma admitted to four tertiary hospitals in Lanzhou City after a thunderstorm on September 19, 2024, were retrospectively collected. Statistical methods, including the chi-square test and independent samples <i>t</i>-test among others were used to evaluate demographic information, clinical manifestations, medical history, pulmonary function, laboratory findings, and prognosis. <b>Results:</b> Among the 125 patients, 78 were male and 47 were female, with a median age of 35 years. The cohort was categorized into three age groups:<14 years (<i>n</i>=43), 14-60 years (<i>n</i>=52), and>60 years (<i>n</i>=30), and further divided into non-severe (<i>n</i>=67) and severe (<i>n=</i>58) groups. The primary clinical manifestations included chest tightness (77.6%, 97/125) and cough (64.8%, 81/125). Regarding medical history, 63 patients reported an Artemisia/pollen allergy, 51 had allergic rhinitis, and 22 had bronchial asthma. Severe obstructive ventilation dysfunction was observed in 19 cases (25.0%, 19/76). Serum total IgE was elevated in 73 cases (91.3%, 73/80), with the highest allergen-positive rate reported for Artemisia (81.1%, 60/74). Pairwise comparisons indicated that the proportion of severe cases was significantly higher in males than in females [53.8% (42/78) vs. 34.0% (16/47), <i>χ</i>²=4.63, <i>P</i>=0.031]. By age, the proportion of severe cases in the >60 group was significantly higher than that in the 14-60 [70.0% (21/30) vs. 44.2% (23/52), <i>χ</i>²=7.84, <i>P</i>=0.005] and <14 [32.6% (14/43), <i>χ</i>²=12.36, <i>P</i><0.001] age groups. Furthermore, the proportion of severe cases was significantly higher in patients without than in those with a history of asthma [50.5% (52/103) vs. 27.3% (6/22), <i>χ</i>²=3.93, <i>P</i>=0.047]. The length of hospital stay in the severe group was significantly longer than that in the non-severe group [(8.3±2.6) d vs. (5.4±2.1) d, <i>t</i>=6.90, <i>P</i><0.001]. Within the severe cohort, 10.3% (6/58) required non-invasive ventilation, and all patients achieved a favorable prognosis. <b>Conclusions:</b> The majority of hospitalized patients with thunderstorm asthma were male, with the highest prevalence observed in the 14-60 age group. Most patients had a history of Artemisia/pollen allergy and allergic rhinitis. Male sex, advanced age (>60 years), and the absence of asthma history were identified as high-risk factors for developing severe conditions. Health education for these high-risk populations should be prioritized.</p>","PeriodicalId":68309,"journal":{"name":"中华内科杂志","volume":"65 4","pages":"346-351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147629433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}