{"title":"Strengthening of Continuous Beams Using Fiber Reinforced Polymer Laminates","authors":"N. Grace, A. K. Soliman, G. Abdel‐Sayed, K. Saleh","doi":"10.14359/5661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/5661","url":null,"abstract":"The use of fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) to strengthen sagging and hogging moment regions of continuous beams is discussed in this paper. Five two-span reinforced concrete beams with \"T\" cross sections were tested. Four different strengthening systems were examined. Two beams were strengthened with two different types of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP)sheets. The first beam was strengthened for flexure only while the second beam was strengthened for both flexure and shear. The third beam was strengthened for flexure only while the second beam was strengthened for both flexure and shear. The third beam was strengthened with glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) sheets, while CFRP plates were used in strengthening the fourth beam. The fifth beam was a control. Each beam was loaded and unloaded for at least one cycle of loading before failure. The effects of FRP strengthening on failure modes, load capacity, cracking pattern and propagation, and deflections are presented. It was concluded that the use of FRP laminates to strengthen continuous beams is effective in reducing deflections and increasing their load carrying capacity. Furthermore, beams strengthened with FRP laminates exhibit smaller and better-distributed cracks.","PeriodicalId":68258,"journal":{"name":"玻璃钢","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83786696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interaction between Fiber Reinforced Polymer Sheets and Concrete under Biaxial Stress Fields","authors":"T. Furuta, T. Kanakubo, M. Uemura, H. Yoshizawa","doi":"10.14359/5663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/5663","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, the interaction behavior between fiber and concrete was investigated by biaxial plain loading experiments on mortar panels strengthened with various fiber sheets (carbon, aramid and glass) and analyses based on the Modified Compression-Field Theory. As a result of this experiment and analysis, it was confirmed that (1) pure shear and pure tensile strengths of the strengthened panels are in proportion to the tensile strength of the fiber, (2) analysis based on the Modified Compression-Field Theory can express the experimental results excellently, and (3) in the case of fibers with small elastic modulus, there is a vast difference between local shear strains and average strains. Further analysis was conducted with the elastic modulus and weight per unit area set as the variable factors.","PeriodicalId":68258,"journal":{"name":"玻璃钢","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80742090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Confinement of Corrosion Cracking in Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Laminates","authors":"E. Sherwood, K. Soudki","doi":"10.14359/5656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/5656","url":null,"abstract":"A study was undertaken to examine the general behavior of reinforced concrete beams confined with carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates subjected to accelerated rebar corrosion. Eight small-scale RC beam specimens, 1200 mm long with cross-sectional area of 100 mm by 150 mm, were constructed. Five specimens were strengthened with CFRP laminates using three different strengthening schemes. The tensile reinforcement, 2-10M bars, of six specimens was corroded to 10% mass loss by means of an impressed current. Strain gauges were placed on the CFRP laminates to monitor and quantify tensile strains induced by the corrosion process. The CFRP laminates successfully confined the corrosion cracking, and total expansion of the laminate exhibited a fairly linear and continuous increase throughout the corrosion process.","PeriodicalId":68258,"journal":{"name":"玻璃钢","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83642823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Benmokrane, R. Masmoundi, M. Cherkired, H. Rahman, Z. Debbache, G. Tadros
{"title":"\"Design, Construction, and Monitoring of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Reinforced Concrete Bridge Deck\"","authors":"B. Benmokrane, R. Masmoundi, M. Cherkired, H. Rahman, Z. Debbache, G. Tadros","doi":"10.14359/5681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/5681","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the Joffre Bridge project where Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) was used as reinforcement of a portion of the concrete deck slab is reinforced with reinforcement. The Joffre bridge, located over the St-Francois River in Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada, consists of five longitudinal spans with length varying from 26 to 37 meters. This spacing constitutes the highest span using FRP reinforcement. A part of the concrete deck slab (7.3 m x 11.5 m) and a portion of the traffic barrier and the sidewalk was reinforced with Carbon and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) reinforcement. In addition, four FRP reinforced full-scale one-way concrete slabs were laboratory tested under static and cyclic loading, in order to optimize the design process. The bridge was extensively instrumented with different types of sensors, including integrated fiber optic sensors in FRP reinforcement that were integrated into the FRP reinforcement. The results of the laboratory study, in terms of deflection and crack-width versus applied load, as well as the results of calibrated loads, using heavy trucks, are also presented in this paper.","PeriodicalId":68258,"journal":{"name":"玻璃钢","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91038851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Creep Rupture of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Prestressing Tendons under Curvature","authors":"G. S. Kaski, C. Dolan","doi":"10.14359/5610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/5610","url":null,"abstract":"The long-term durability of FRP prestressing tendons in a harped configuration or in flexure under short radius bends has not been extensively investigated. Creep-rapture data for straight uniaxial tension testing may not be representative of the material behavior in a prestressing application requiring curvature of the tendon. The FRP response in a harped or bent configuration may be comprised due to a lack of ductility in the outer fibers of the tendon. Long-term creep-rapture experiments conducted on harped Carbon FRP tendons are reported. The tests are conducted in a bend test so outer fibers are stressed up to 88 percent of the uniaxial strength. All tests are conducted in air at nominal room temperature. This paper presents design information concerning the long-term performance of harped FRP tendons and coiled storage of FRP tendons.","PeriodicalId":68258,"journal":{"name":"玻璃钢","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91136213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Carbon Fiber Reinforcing Polymers as Negative Moment Reinforcing in Repair of Composite Steel Parking Deck","authors":"J. Dortzbach","doi":"10.14359/5642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/5642","url":null,"abstract":"A two level parking facility formed the base of an apartment complex. The structural system incorporated a composite-steel deck for the upper level which provides bottom reinforcing for the structural slab. Other than Welded Wire Fabric (WWF), no top reinforcing was provided over the beams or girders. An inappropriate choice of construction for a parking deck due to the potential for corrosion from chloride contamination. The problem was compounded by inadequate reinforcing, poor drainage and no waterproofing. The result was a severely deteriorated deck. Slab cuts would allow the installation of top reinforcing as required to develop the negative moment based on continuity were not feasible because the electrical conduit for the building was buried in the slab. Therefore, CFRP was used to save the existing structural system and minimize repair costs. Design included stress, shear strength and membrane integrity. Field testing was successfully conducted. The result was an innovative use of the material which decreased the severity and cost of repairs.","PeriodicalId":68258,"journal":{"name":"玻璃钢","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91225786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New Design Method for Seismic Retrofit of Bridge Columns with Continuous Fiber Sheet—Performance-Based Design","authors":"H. Mutsuyoshi, T. Ishibashi, M. Okano, F. Katsuki","doi":"10.14359/5625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/5625","url":null,"abstract":"In the aftermath of the 1995 Hyogo-Ken Nanbu Earthquake in which many severe failures of bridge piers occurred, numerous studies have been conducted on ways to retrofit existing RC columns and piers. As a result of this research, it has been found that continuous fiber sheet offers a feasible means of retrofitting. Consequently, several design guidelines on the use of FRP sheets for retrofitting highway, railway and subway structures have been proposed in recent years. The JSCE (Japan Society for Civil Engineers) Concrete Committee on FRP Sheet, which was setup in 1998, has been commissioned to establish a new design method for seismic retrofit of bridge columns and piers. It seeks to unify all the existing guidelines on a performance-based design concept. The new design method of shear strength and ductility of retrofitted RC structures using FRP sheet are described and the design equations for shear strength and ductility are also presented.","PeriodicalId":68258,"journal":{"name":"玻璃钢","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76904503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influence of Separation on Flexural Performance of Reinforced Concrete Beams Reinforced by Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Sheets","authors":"T. Kage, Y. Masuda, T. Ina","doi":"10.14359/5688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/5688","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, it was investigated experimentally that flexural performance of RC beam reinforced by using CFRP sheet which has separation of CFRP sheet caused by secular degradation or substandard execution. The specimens were RC beams with several conditions of CFRP sheet separation at bending span and strengthening methods by CFRP sheet at anchorage. The bending test of RC beams and the adhesion test of CFRP sheet were performed. The strength of RC beam was improved by CFRP sheet strengthening in comparison with conventional RC beam and estimated by existing methods. The adhesive strength between CFRP sheet and concrete at the anchorage zone were 1.12-2.53 MPa, which were the same value as tensile concrete strength and enough. When separation occurred between CFRP sheet and concrete at bending span of RC beams, the flexural behavior of RC beams, especially about strain or stress distribution of CFRP sheet, was influenced by methods of anchorage and characteristic property of concrete at the anchorage zone. And it was confirmed no effects of preventing the progress of crack in this case. We could say that it was necessary to pay attention in case of using CFRP sheet for repairing RC member deterioration by rebar corrosion or crack.","PeriodicalId":68258,"journal":{"name":"玻璃钢","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79742985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Shear Failure of Concrete Beams Reinforced with 3-D Fiber Reinforced Plastic Grids","authors":"L. Bank, M. Ozel","doi":"10.14359/5618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/5618","url":null,"abstract":"Results of tests of ten concrete beams reinforced with fiber-reinforced plastic grids fabricated from small pultruded profiles are presented. The beams were designed to investigate the behavior and performance of the grids when used to reinforce beams that develop significant flexural-strength cracking (a/d = 3). Different grids were designed to study the influence of the main bars, vertical bars and transverse bars (cross-rods) of the grid on the failure loads and failure modes. From the results of the testing it was concluded that pultruded grids can provide effective shear reinforcement, however, their design must account for failure of the main bars in the shear span. Overreinforced beams failed in a somewhat more ductile manner than underreinforced beams.","PeriodicalId":68258,"journal":{"name":"玻璃钢","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89678646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design Recommendations for Bridge Deck Slabs Reinforced by Fiber Reinforced Polymers","authors":"T. Hassan, S. Rizkalla, A. Abdelrahman, G. Tadros","doi":"10.14359/5633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/5633","url":null,"abstract":"The linear characteristics of fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) up to failure and their relatively low elastic modulus and strain at ultimate has raised concerns with structural engineers regarding their use as reinforcement for flexural members. Based on a nonlinear finite element analysis and testing of a full-scale model at the University of Manitoba, Canada, design guidelines on the use of glass and carbon fiber reinforced polymers (GFRP and CFRP) as reinforcement for bridge deck slabs are proposed. The accuracy of the nonlinear finite element model is demonstrated by comparing the predicted behavior to test results of two models. The influence of the degree of edge restraint, percentage of reinforcement of CFRP and GFRP, type of reinforcement and presence of top reinforcement on the structural behavior and mode of failure of continuous concrete bridge decks is discussed. Based on serviceability and ultimate capacity requirements, reinforcement ratios of CFRP and GFRP for typical bridge deck slabs are recommended.","PeriodicalId":68258,"journal":{"name":"玻璃钢","volume":"9 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83609354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}