Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Research of Water Preparation Process for Hot Water Supply Systems Using CL-Anionization Method","authors":"G. H. Feyziyeva,&nbsp;R. T. Ismayilov,&nbsp;A. M. Jalilova","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25030014","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25030014","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The research results on a new technology for preparing water for hot water supply by chloro-anionization are presented. According to this technology, water for treatment is passed through a high-base anionite in chlorine form and regenerated by a NaCl solution. In the treated water, the concentrations of Cl⁻ and OH⁻ ions are reduced while maintaining the amount of water hardness cations necessary for the healthy development of the human body. The mathematical experimental design was used to obtain expressions which determine the working exchange capacity of A200EMBCl anionites. The results include the successful implementation of this technology at a system of 6 m³/h performance in Baku. The World Health Organization (WHO) does not set strict requirements for total water hardness levels. However, based on research conducted in various countries over the past 50 years, WHO recommends keeping both the maximum (≤7 g-eq/m³) and minimum hardness levels within the range of 2–4 g-eq/m³. This is because consuming softened or desalinated water can lead to serious health issues. WHO also states that even in developed countries, the intake of hardness cations, including those found in food, is not sufficient to support normal human development. For the first time, the technology developed in this study was implemented at the Azerbaijan Diplomatic Academy (Baku, Azerbaijan Republic) in a drinking water treatment system with a capacity of 6 m³/h. In this system, water is passed through a 400 mm diameter filter loaded with A200EMBCl anionite, with a layer height of 1 m, and equipped with an automatic control valve of Clack WS1 type. The average alkalinity of the treated fresh water, with its initial value of 4.4 g-eq/m³, was decreased to be within the range of 1.8–2.2 g-eq/m³. The working exchange capacity of anionite absorption for <span>({text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - })</span> ions, with a specific consumption of NaCl for regeneration between 45–55 kg/m³, falls within the range of 300–370 g-eq/m³, which conforms well with the data from laboratory research. According to operational data, the formation of scale in hot water heaters has been prevented. There were even observations of pipe cleaning from the existing scale.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 3","pages":"253 - 258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145144402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Ecotoxicological Impacts of Pharmaceutical Pollution in Aquatic Environments: A Review","authors":"V. F. Kovalenko,&nbsp;A. M. Sova","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25030026","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25030026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The rapid advancement of medical science has increased the availability and use of pharmaceutical products. Consequently, pharmaceutical compounds contaminate natural water bodies, raising concerns in global environmental policy. This study examines various types and pathways of aquatic pollution, highlighting the health and ecological risks associated with wastewater discharge into surface waters. When excessive concentrations of contaminants enter rivers, they can alter biodegradation dynamics, reduce aquatic biodiversity, and consequently impair the natural self-purification capacity of water bodies. The study also underscores the importance of monitoring wastewater treatment efficiency through bioindication and biotesting methods. Contemporary scientific research focuses not only on the toxicity of pharmaceuticals but also on their transformation and degradation processes, which remain largely unexplored in terms of their characterization, presence, fate, and effects in natural environments. These findings demonstrate that the environmental risks associated with pharmaceutical compounds and their metabolites should not be overlooked.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 3","pages":"291 - 298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145144444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Lead Ions Based on Backward Light Scattering Technique","authors":"Rui Yuan,&nbsp;Huachun Li,&nbsp;Kejun Tan,&nbsp;Qiuju Zhou,&nbsp;Fei Wu,&nbsp;Zhen Cheng","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25020092","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25020092","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This work presents a novel analytical method for detecting lead ions (Pb(II)) based on backward light scattering (BLS). The BLS intensity was significantly enhanced by the formation of ion-association complexes between ciprofloxacin (CIP), Congo Red (CR), and Pb(II) through electrostatic attraction and hydrophobic interaction in a Britton−Robinson (BR) buffer solution at pH 4.56. The maximum BLS peak was observed at 399 nm. The BLS intensity showed a linear relationship with Pb(II) concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 60.0 μM, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 50 nM. Studies on the BLS spectrum, absorption characteristics, and reaction mechanism were conducted, and optimal reaction conditions as well as the impact of interfering substances were investigated. This method was successfully applied to the determination of Pb(II) in environmental water samples, achieving recoveries between 91 and 104%, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤ 4.7%. The proposed BLS method offers rapid analysis, high sensitivity, environmental friendliness, and good stability, providing a theoretical basis for real-time, online monitoring of lead ions using BLS technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 2","pages":"159 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the Kinetics of Copper Leaching from Solid Electroplating Sludge","authors":"R. Ye. Klischenko,&nbsp;R. D. Chebotar’ova,&nbsp;S. V. Remez","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25020055","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25020055","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the process of wastewater treatment from electroplating industries, solid residues containing compounds of Fe, Cu, Ni, Zn, and other metals are generated. To determine the optimal leaching conditions for metals and identify the limiting stage of the process, an experimental study of the leaching kinetics was conducted, focusing on key technological parameters—temperature and the concentration of reacting substances. The kinetic parameters of the reaction were investigated using electroplating sludge containing up to 50% Fe compounds, 9.6% Cu compounds, ~1% Zn compounds, 0.5% Ni compounds, and less than 0.1% Cr, Pb, Cd, Mg, and Ca compounds. Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) with concentrations ranging from 0.15 to 0.75 M was used as the leaching reagent, in significant excess relative to the metal content. The process was carried out at a pH of the equilibrium solution that limits the dissolution of iron compounds and allows only the dissolution of nonferrous metal compounds. The concentration of copper in the leaching solution reached 17.8–18.1 g/dm³.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 2","pages":"124 - 130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solid Phase Extraction of Cesium and Strontium Radionuclides Using Zeolite Packed Column","authors":"Rajesh Kumar,&nbsp;Shankar Lal Jat,&nbsp;Deepesh Patidar,&nbsp;Prashant Vasistha","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25020067","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25020067","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Radionuclides contaminated water is a serious issue for human beings and ecological systems. In particular, they cause various types of cancers and mutagenic affects. Removal of radionuclides from contaminated water is a challenging task, since efficient and cost-effective materials are required for extraction of radionuclides from water. Under this objective, modified zeolite beads (MZBs) were prepared and characterized. The beads were evaluated for extracting of cesium (Cs) and strontium (Sr) from contaminated water using column method. Breakthrough capacity (BC), total capacity (TC) and column efficiency (CE) obtained for Cs were 0.167, 0.279 g/g and 59.75% respectively. BC, TC and CE for obtained for Sr were 0.153, 0.239 g/g and 64.4% respectively. Based on these results, MZBs column can be used as radionuclides removal cartridge in water purifiers.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 2","pages":"115 - 123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Removal of Cu(II) from an Aqueous Solution Using Manganese Dioxide-Loaded Volcanic Rocks","authors":"Xuan Fan,&nbsp;Bingyu Li,&nbsp;Degong Ba,&nbsp;Jinfeng Jiang,&nbsp;Nanyi Wang,&nbsp;Jiachao Zhang,&nbsp;Ming Lei","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25020110","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25020110","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, the preparation of a new adsorbent, manganese dioxide-loaded volcanic rock (termed 3VRM), to improve the copper adsorption capacity of volcanic rocks (VRs) is reported. The effects of the loading ratio, 3VRM dosage, pH, and ionic strength on the Cu(II) adsorption capacity of 3VRM were determined. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). SEM analysis revealed that spherical nanoscale manganese dioxide with a plum pattern was attached to the surface of VR, effectively increasing the specific surface area and number of reactive sites on the adsorbent. The main components of volcanic rocks are schistose and foshagite; manganese dioxide also exists in an amorphous form. Manganese dioxide is stable in the form of Mn⁴⁺ before and after adsorption. The results revealed that 3VRM had the greatest effect on Cu(II) adsorption at a loading ratio of 3 : 1, dosage of 2.5 g/L, and pH of 4–6. The Cu(II) adsorption capacity of 3VRM was shown to fit well with the pseudo-first-order kinetic model and the Freundlich model. The reaction equilibrium time was 10 min, and the theoretical maximum adsorption amount reached 434.7 mg/g. The acidity of the solution had less effect on the 3VRM, so it could be used in a wide pH range of 3–6. Studies of ion exchange and surface complexation have shown that the material demonstrated high efficiency in removing copper ions. Owing to its good adsorption performance and high efficiency, it is expected to be used for copper-containing wastewater treatment in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 2","pages":"131 - 143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geospatial Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Irrigational Suitability and Uses for the Region of Manipur Valley, India","authors":"Yumnam Gyanendra,&nbsp; Wazir Alam","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25020043","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25020043","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A comprehensive spatiotemporal qualitative investigation and assessment of groundwater resources of Manipur Valley were carried out to evaluate their suitability for irrigational uses and geospatially identify the vulnerable groundwater zones. In this regard, 140 grided representative samples during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon were collected from the region along with their in-situ parameters. The groundwater suitability for irrigational uses was evaluated based on significant water quality parameters and indices. The study highlights that except for a few parameters and indices for selected parts of the region, most of the samples were found under suitable categories. Few samples with elevated electrical conductivity values and higher sodium concentrations signify the possibility of alkalinity and salinity hazards for prolonged uses of groundwater for irrigation. The study witnessed the presence of saline aquifer in the region where samples exhibit higher salinity (&gt;1000 ppm) and can potentially cause salinity hazards for prolonged uses of groundwater for irrigation. The hydrogeochemical classification reveals the dominance of the <span>({text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - })</span>-Ca²⁺ type of water followed by mixed-type water due to rock weathering dominance during both seasons. Thus, the study highlights the comprehensive spatiotemporal scenario of groundwater quality for irrigational uses in the region through spatial mapping to identify the vulnerable groundwater zones for sustainable agricultural soil management.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 2","pages":"188 - 203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Removal of Sulphate from Drinking Water Sources Using H3PO4—Chakhao Rice Husk Activated Carbon (CHAC): A Comprehensive Adsorption Study","authors":"Bindiya Aribam,&nbsp;Tamari Neihoikim,&nbsp;Wungramchon Horam,&nbsp;Wazir Alam","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X2502002X","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X2502002X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present study investigated the adsorption efficiency of H₃PO₄ activated Chakhao rice husk activated carbon (CHAC) to remove sulphate ions (<span>({text{SO}}_{4}^{{2 - }})</span>) from an aqueous solution. The study’s finding highlighted 96.62% as the removal efficiency of sulphate ions using a dosage of 4 g/L of CHAC for a 60 s retention period. Moreover, the research findings illustrate that the highest removal of sulphate ions by adsorption occurs at the pH condition of 7. The study indicates that the presence of interfering anions such as phosphate, nitrate, chloride, fluoride, and bicarbonate notably impact the adsorption phenomenon of sulphate ions by CHAC. The study of various kinetic models, including the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, intra-particle diffusion, Bangham’s pore diffusion, and Elovich’s equation, illustrated the chemical kinetics of the adsorption phenomenon of CHAC. It was observed that the pseudo-second-order model demonstrated the most accurate fit for the kinetics studies with the <i>r</i>² value of 0.999. The experimental study also underwent analysis using various adsorption isotherm models, and the findings of the study highlight that the adsorption aligns more effectively with the Freundlich model, offering a superior fit for the equilibrium data.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 2","pages":"167 - 180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microwave Assisted Phytosynthesised Silver Nanoparticles for the Sensing of Toxic Mercuric Ions and as Catalyst for the Treatment of Environmental Pollutants","authors":"Mamatha Susan Punnoose,&nbsp;Binila K. Korah,&nbsp;Beena Mathew","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25020080","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25020080","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) were prepared using the fresh leaf extract of <i>Coleus</i> <i>amboinicus</i> (CA) as both the capping and reducing agent through a microwave-assisted method. The phytosynthesized AgNP with CA (AgNP-CA) demonstrated highly selective optical and electrochemical sensing capabilities for mercuric ions. The AgNP-CA and complexation AgNP-CA with Hg²⁺ ions (AgNP-CA-Hg²⁺) were characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta potential, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques. The effective complexation of AgNP-CA with Hg²⁺ ions resulted in visually observable colour changes, confirmed by UV-vis spectroscopy. The green-fabricated electrochemical AgNP-CA modified platinum electrode (AgNP-CA-Pt) sensor exhibited a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.8524 µM using the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) method. The catalytic potential of AgNP-CA for the reduction of toxic organic dyes, Congo Red and Safranin, using NaBH₄ was also examined. The catalytic reductions were completed within a few minutes and followed a pseudo-first-order kinetics model. The linear relationship between catalyst concentration and reduction rates was experimentally determined. This eco-friendly approach to AgNP-CA synthesis and its applications is a useful tool for monitoring and managing environmental pollution.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 2","pages":"144 - 158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrochemistry and Quality of Irrigating Water in the Middle Reaches of the Syr Darya River in the Territory of the Republic of Tajikistan","authors":"I. Sh. Normatov,&nbsp;V. V. Goncharuk,&nbsp;N. Bozorova,&nbsp;Karomatulloi Kurbonali,&nbsp;D. M. Bobokalonov,&nbsp;R. Anderson","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25020079","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25020079","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The main consumer of water in the region is irrigated agriculture. Approximately 97% (93 800 million m³/year) are consumed by irrigated agriculture, whereas the other sectors, such as urban utilities and industry consume ~2700 million m³/year. Climatic changes towards warming will not only reduce the available water sources, but also increase the demand for them from agricultural crops, as higher temperatures increase the evaporation rate. It is expected that the total deficit of water in the two main rivers of Central Asia (Syr Darya and Amu Darya) in 2050 will attain 43 km³/year. Moreover, the monthly runoff regimes will essentially change. The total irrigated area of the Syr Darya River basin is 3.4 million ha, and the total use of the natural Syr Darya basin runoff is 30–150%. According to preliminary forecasts, the population in the Central Asia region is expected to grow by 30% to 2050 as compared to 2015 to attain &gt;88 millions of people, so the areas of irrigated lands are planned to expand to solve the problem of food security in each country of this region. By 2025, the area of irrigated lands in the region must attain 11.8 million ha. This means that a lack of water will lead to the extended use of backwater for irrigation. This paper is devoted to studying the dynamics of the chemical composition of the Syr Darya River from the point of crossing the Tajikistan border to the point of passing to the neighboring Uzbekistan territory. Using the results of the chemical analyses of water samples, an attempt to estimate the utilization of water from the Syr Darya River for irrigation has been made. It has been established that, according to the principal indicators, just the content of adsorbed, soluble, and exchangeable sodium in the Syr Darya River fully meets the requirements to irrigation water.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 2","pages":"204 - 211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}