Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of Natural Water Resources in the Dniester River Basin for Fishery Purposes","authors":"V. V. Chobotar,&nbsp;V. A. Kopilevych,&nbsp;O. O. Kravchenko","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25040010","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25040010","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Anthropogenic pressure alters the hydrochemical regime of surface water sources, thereby degrading water quality and limiting its suitability for aquaculture. This issue underscores the critical need for continuous monitoring and comprehensive environmental assessment of surface water quality in aquaculture contexts. The present study aims to evaluate seasonal fluctuations—during spring and autumn—in the water quality index (WQI) of surface water sources within the Mohyliv-Podilskyi district of Vinnytsia oblast. The analysis focuses on the Kotlubaivka River basin, a left-bank tributary of the Dniester River, and the Dniester River itself, both upstream and downstream of the municipal wastewater treatment facilities operated by the municipal enterprise “Vodokanal” utility (Mohyliv-Podilskyi). This region exemplifies areas vulnerable to surface water contamination due to intensive agricultural practices, affecting rivers and ponds that are otherwise suitable for fish farming. The WQI was determined based on analytical measurements of hydrochemical parameters, including dissolved oxygen, pH, total (bicarbonate) alkalinity, total mineralization, nitrate concentration, and ammonium nitrogen. During the spring season, water samples from all five sampling points exhibited WQI values corresponding to the Good category. In contrast, in the autumn season, the water sample from Kotlubaivka River fell under the Satisfactory category, while the remaining samples remained Good. These findings indicate that spatial and seasonal variability in hydrochemical parameters significantly constrains the suitability of aquatic environments for aquacultural use.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 4","pages":"404 - 410"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145168956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radioecological Estimation of Okchuchay and Basitchay River Basins in Zangilan Region of Azerbaijan","authors":"F. Y. Humbatov,&nbsp;H. A. Nejati Solut,&nbsp;G. F. Aslanova,&nbsp;V. S. Balayev","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25040034","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25040034","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The purpose of this study is to perform a comprehensive radioecological assessment of Okchuchay and Basitchay rivers in Zangilan region of Azerbaijan. The main objective of the article and research is to assess the level of radioactive contamination, as well as the amount of heavy metal pollutants and organochlorine pesticides in water, sediment and soil samples taken from these major transboundary rivers, which are important for agriculture and drinking water. Samples were taken from six zones of Zangilan region. Laboratory analyzes were performed using gamma spectrometry for radionuclides, atomic absorption spectrometry for heavy metals, and gas chromatography for pesticide residues. The study used rigorous sampling and analytical procedures to ensure accurate and reliable data. Additionally, the parameters of the water samples collected were measured using appropriate devices, and all the results are presented in tables. This study highlights the urgent need for effective environmental management and restoration strategies to address pollution in the Okchuchay and Basitchay basins. Urgent measures must be taken to reduce pollution and protect the health of ecosystems and local populations that depend on these water resources. It is important to implement complex monitoring and remediation programs for sustainable environmental management in Zangilan region.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 4","pages":"380 - 389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145168245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Titanium on Photodegradation and Antimicrobial Properties of ZnO","authors":"K. Srinivasarao,&nbsp;Shweta Verma,&nbsp;B. Tirumala Rao,&nbsp;A. V. N. Ashok Kumar","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25030087","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25030087","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Photocatalysts are emerging as promising materials for various photolytic chemical reactions for the applications ranging from fuel generation to pollutant degradation. In this study, we synthesized ZnO and Ti doped ZnO (Ti:ZnO) nanoparticles using sol-gel method with 2–12.8 at % in ZnO. The chemical composition and optical response of the nanoparticles were studied using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) respectively. The morphological and crystalline properties of the nanoparticles were characterised using high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) respectively. The role of Ti doping on crystallinity, photocatalytic response and anti-microbial activity is addressed. Using ZnO nanoparticles, degradation rate constant of Methylene Blue (MB) about 4.6 × 10^–2 min^–1 occurred which was found to increase by 20% for 12.8% Ti in Ti:ZnO photocatalyst. For other Ti dopant concentrations, the degradation rate constant decreased due to lower crystallite size with higher grain boundaries leading to charge carrier recombination and suppressed formation of reactive oxygen species. By addition of varying concentration of isopropyl alcohol, the suppressed degradation process revealed the role of hydroxyl radicals in this low power UV light assisted photocatalysis. This was further confirmed with controlled experiments through generation of photoluminescence in terephthalic acid induced by the hydroxyl radicals. Ti:ZnO nanoparticles also showed significant anti-bacterial activity towards the Gram-positive (<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>) and Gram-negative (<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Klebsella pneumonia</i>) organisms. In addition, these nanoparticles also showed remarkable activity against fungi <i>Candida albicans</i> and <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> due to their greater surface area leading to generation of hydrogen peroxide. This study reveals the role of grain size in dye degradation process and anti-bacterial activity. The Ti:ZnO nanoparticles obtained using a simple and scalable synthesis route are highly efficient photocatalyst material and anti-microbial agent for application of waste water treatment in industrial effluents and bacterial killing.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 3","pages":"227 - 240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145144502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Quality of Groundwater and Its Purification Using Gravity Filtration and Natural Adsorbents","authors":"O. Yu. Kulishenko,&nbsp;S. V. Grechanik,&nbsp;S. K. Smolin,&nbsp;N. A. Klymenko,&nbsp;V. T. Ostapenko","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25030038","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25030038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study of water quality in private wells within the Kyiv region has evaluated the feasibility of using a gravity-fed adsorption filter for producing potable water. The filter medium consists of a natural adsorbent, zeolite (clinoptilolite), along with two types of activated carbon: Filtrasorb 300 and biochar, the latter synthesized through an innovative process from renewable plant-based feedstock. Experimental results obtained under irregular household filtration dynamics demonstrate a significant influence of biosorption on water purification. The filter effectively controls water color and turbidity, and efficiently removes total organic carbon, as well as nitrogen and iron compounds, but has a limited effect on overall salt concentration. The operational lifespan of the dual-layer medium, comprising zeolite and activated carbon, ranges from three to four weeks and is governed by microbial activity and the formation of mineral-biological purification films within the filtration layers, which correspond to the composition of the influent water. The gravity-fed, non-pressurized filter is recommended for temporary individual or group use in field conditions, as well as for short-term periods when access to drinking water of sanitary quality is unavailable due to anthropogenic or other force majeure circumstances.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 3","pages":"306 - 318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145144531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction of Methylene Blue on the Functionalized Hybrid Mg/Fe Layered Double Hydroxide—A Kinetic and Thermodynamic Interpretation","authors":"Mir Tamzid Rahman,&nbsp;Md. Rabiul Islam,&nbsp;Md. Lutfor Rahman,&nbsp;Farzana Rahman,&nbsp; Abdullah-Al-Mamun,&nbsp;Nahid Sharmin,&nbsp;Md. Mahbubul Bashar","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25030051","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25030051","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The escalating presence of harmful dyes in industrial wastewater is a critical issue, with textiles, food, paper, and pharmaceutical industries identified major contributors. This study enhances the adsorption capabilities of Mg/Fe layered double hydroxide (LDH), a recognized adsorbent, by incorporating jute charcoal. Resulting hybrid, created with a 3 : 1 Mg/Fe molar ratio using co-precipitation, proves more efficient in removing Methylene Blue (MB) dye than pristine Mg/Fe LDH. Described by the Freundlich model, the hybrid displays a higher <i>K</i> value (0.87) than Mg/Fe LDH (0.13), indicating enhanced adsorption capacity. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model identifies chemisorption as the rate-determining step. Across temperatures (10 to 60°C), equilibrium MB removal reaches 343–454 µmol/g (Mg/Fe LDH) and 528–666 µmol/g (hybrid Mg/Fe LDH). The activation energy is significantly lower for the hybrid (18.63 kJ/mol) than Mg/Fe LDH (111.33 kJ/mol), signaling a favorable process. The hybrid’s efficacy in MB removal is attributed to π–π interactions, cation–π interactions, H-bonding, and electrostatic forces. Spontaneous adsorption is confirmed by negative ∆<i>G</i>° values (–5.5 to –9.69 kJ/mol for Mg/Fe LDH and –4.7 to –5.5 kJ/mol for the hybrid), exothermic reactions (∆<i>H</i>° values –5.5, –8.5 kJ/mol), and increased disorderliness (∆<i>S</i>° values 7.39, 11.71 kJ/molK), underscoring the hybrid’s potential in combating textile pollution.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 3","pages":"213 - 226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145144532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy Evaluation of Two Plant Macrophytes in a Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland for Domestic Wastewater Treatment","authors":"Khemissi Yahiaoui,&nbsp;Toufik Masmoudi,&nbsp;Mansoura Benakcha","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25030099","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25030099","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Constructed wetlands are engineered systems, constructed and designed to employ the natural functions of emerging macrophytes, soils, and microbial populations to remove multiple contaminants from raw wastewater to reduce environmental deterioration and increase water availability by improving the wastewater quality. To practically develop artificial wetlands in Algeria and especially in the Saharan zone with an arid climate, locally available macrophyte species (<i>Phragmites australis</i> and <i>Acacia</i>) were tested. To evaluate the treatment efficiency of each macrophyte and especially <i>Acacia</i> in this arid region compared to the control, the experiments were carried out for 3 months (February, March, and April) with measurements taken at the beginning of each month for untreated water and every 10 days for treated water. Therefore, the main objective of this review article is to judge the performance of two aquatic plants (<i>Phragmites australis</i> and <i>Acacia</i>) regarding the domestic wastewater pollutants removal under arid climate conditions. It was found in the work that the wastewater treatment efficacy of the two aquatic macrophytes was very remarkable. The overall results show that the pH values recorded before and after treatment are lower than the limit values of Algerian discharge standards and the World Health Organization (WHO) standards (8.5). The electrical conductivity (EC) values recorded in treated water strongly exceed those before treatment. The bed grown with <i>Phragmite australis</i> achieves the highest oxygen concentration (4.29 mg/L) as compared to the <i>Acacia</i> filter (1.97 mg/L) and even to raw wastewater (1.28 mg/L). Obtained findings also indicated that <i>Phragmites australis</i> donated the upmost achieving the highest removal rate for biological oxygen demand (BOD₅) (97%). Additionally, it showed superior removal efficiency for total nitrogen (TN) (89%) and total phosphorus (TP) (99.65%) in domestic wastewater samples, compared to the <i>Acacia</i> plant, which exhibited removal rates of 95.26, 96.79, 87.7, and 99.38% for the same parameters, respectively. The unplanted bed (no plants), on the other hand, showed lower removal efficiencies of 91.58, 95.46, 72.60, and 95.50% for the same parameters, respectively. The higher performance in removing TN after wastewater treatment may be due to the absorption of nitrates (<span>({text{NO}}_{3}^{ - })</span>) and ammonium (<span>({text{NH}}_{4}^{ + })</span>) by macrophyte plants for the growth of their tissues. On the other hand, total suspended solids (TSS) removal, the <i>Acacia</i> filter showed the greater removal percentage compared to that found via the <i>Phragmite australis</i> bed and unplanted filter respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 3","pages":"281 - 290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145144503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biotransformation of Hexavalent Chromium from Wastewater Using Bacillus firmus","authors":"Pragatisheel,&nbsp;Abhishek Kumar,&nbsp;Leela Manohar Aeshala,&nbsp;Tapas Palai","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X2503004X","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X2503004X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chromium is an element present in the Earth’s crust that acts as an impurity in food, water, soil and air and causes benign effects on the human body. Among the various oxidation states, the hexavalent form has higher toxicity, higher solubility in water, and higher mobility in soil. The maximum recommended permissible limit of Cr in drinking water is 0.01 mg/L by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), whereas 0.05 mg/L by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and World Health Organization (WHO). Several physical and chemical methods have been developed for the removal of chromium from contaminated water. In most techniques, there is a higher chance of re-contamination after the disposal of generated sludge. In this study, <i>Bacillus firmus</i> has been exploited for in-situ bioremediation of hexavalent chromium (Cr⁶⁺) from wastewater under batch mode. The effects of operating conditions such as pH, initial concentration, centrifugation rate (rpm), external carbon, and nitrogen sources were investigated. The maximum Cr⁶⁺ conversion of 99.9% was obtained at 0.5 and 1 mg/L initial concentration, pH 7, 30°C, and 120 rpm. Dextrose was found to be the potential C source for enhancing microbial growth and efficient conversion at higher Cr⁶⁺ concentrations. Furthermore, living and dead biomass revealed a comparatively high biosorption of 18.3% at 100 mg/L Cr⁶⁺ concentration.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 3","pages":"271 - 280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145144533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technology for the Production of Energy Syngas from Wastewater Sludges","authors":"Yu. I. Yaremko,&nbsp;Z. S. Sirko","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25030105","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25030105","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, scientifically substantiated recommendations on the technological processing and utilization of wastewater sludges for the production of energy resources are formulated. The analysis of earlier studies shows that sludges contain mineral, organic, and bacterial origin contaminants of different composition in the form of solutions, colloids, and floating and suspended compounds. It is demonstrated that the removal of sludges is one of the most urgent environmental problems associated with the propagation of bacteria, which have a negative effect on the environment, people, animals, and plants. The most attractive alternative to sludge utilization is the production of energy syngas from it. The objective of studies is to develop an innovative technology for the production of energy syngas from wastewater sludges. Some characteristics of initial materials and equipment used for investigations are given. A syngas production process flowchart based on a patented setup with two screw retorts from a catalytically active material is proposed to optimize the temperature regimes of outer sludge heating from 200 to 850°C. The setup provides the production of multicomponent energy syngas at atmospheric pressure without air access with a conversion of 90% and a calorific value of 3300–3600 kcal/m³ to be superior to the known technologies of gasification at the same temperatures and pressure. The developed technology for the production of energy syngas from wastewater sludges results in syngas of increased calorific value due to gas generator elements providing rational temperature regimes for the chemical destruction reactions of sludges with an increased humidity. The combination of fuel gas and steam generation processes results in a high degree of sludge gasification with the formation of syngas with an increased calorific value due to acceleration of chemical reactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 3","pages":"299 - 305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145144403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a High-Rate Biological System for the Complete Treatment (Nitrification) of Low Strength Wastewater","authors":"M. Ramesh,&nbsp;T. R. Sreekrishnan,&nbsp;M. Goel,&nbsp;J. S. Sudarsan,&nbsp;S. Nithiyanantham","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25030063","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25030063","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Low strength wastewaters (LSW) are those that have a chemical oxygen demand COD &lt; 1000 mg/L. Nitrogen and phosphorus are the major nutrients present in LSW in addition to the organic carbon. The present study was undertaken to develop an optimal combined treatment system for removing nitrogen from LSW at high hydraulic loading rates as there are hardly any reports on the same. The biological removal of carbon in LSW has been studied in detail earlier using the anaerobic hybrid reactor (HR) and activated sludge process (ASP). The biological nitrogen removal was studied through the conventional route of nitrification process. The effect of different operational parameters was studied to optimize the nitrification in rotating biological contactor (RBC) and aerobic HR. RBC showed better nitrification rate over aerobic HR.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 3","pages":"259 - 270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145144445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isothermal Adsorption of the Products of Nonionic Surfactants Ozonolysis on Activated Charcoal","authors":"S. K. Smolin,&nbsp;Yu. O. Shvadchina,&nbsp;V. F. Vakulenko,&nbsp;L. V. Nevinna","doi":"10.3103/S1063455X25030075","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1063455X25030075","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The overwhelming majority of commercial nonionic surfactants (NIS) represent a mixture of many chemically related compounds, a number of which and some metabolites are resistant to biochemical assimilation and pose a serious threat to living organisms. The degree and efficiency of their removal from water can be increased by combining destructive adsorption methods in water treatment systems, in which the preliminary partial chemical oxidation of resistant compounds leads to the formation of products capable of efficient adsorption and microbial assimilation in an activated carbon (AC) bed at subsequent purification stages. For resistant organic impurities, the degree of their transformation at the previous stage of chemical oxidation is an important technological parameter, which essentially influences the combined water treatment efficiency. Using the “conditional component” method, the effect of the degree of primary NIS (Triton X-100, OP-10) destruction by ozone itself or ozone in combination with UV radiation on the adsorption energy of newly formed mixtures of their decomposition products on activated carbon was studied under isothermal adsorption conditions. The decrease in the equilibrium adsorption values ​​of the reaction mixtures and the change in the molar Gibbs free energy of the adsorption system were estimated with the decomposition of the aromatic ring of NIS in the range of 30–88%. A rational regime without long-term treatment and high specific ozone consumption was proposed for the preliminary oxidation of the studied NIS to increase the bioassimilated organic carbon fraction without absorption system capacity losses.</p>","PeriodicalId":680,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","volume":"47 3","pages":"241 - 252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145144446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}