2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)最新文献

Unintentional Islanding Evaluation Utilizing Discrete RLC Circuit Versus Power Hardware-in-the Loop Method 利用离散RLC电路与电源在环硬件方法的非故意孤岛评估

2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) Pub Date : 2019-06-16 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9198986

S. Gonzalez, Edgardo Desardén-Carrero, Nicholas S. Gurule, Erick E. Aponte-Bezares

引用次数: 2

Realizing Perovskite Solar Cells on Roll Roll-to-Roll Compatible Processes 实现钙钛矿太阳能电池的卷对卷兼容工艺

2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) Pub Date : 2019-06-16 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9198957

Amir H. Ghahremani, T. Druffel

{"title":"Realizing Perovskite Solar Cells on Roll Roll-to-Roll Compatible Processes","authors":"Amir H. Ghahremani, T. Druffel","doi":"10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9198957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9198957","url":null,"abstract":"The promising growth of Organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) efficiency and durability has led to development and research towards commercialization through high throughput automated manufacturing of these photovoltaic (PV) devices. Rapid thermal annealing of the deposited metal oxide layers and the photoactive layer, along with the use of additives, can potentially diminish device fabrication time and enhance device performance through improved thin film characteristics. Applying millisecond pulses of energetic light can form high-quality morphology for the transparent conductive oxide electron transport layer as well as the perovskite absorber film. It was observed that the addition of an alkyl halide, such as diiodo methane (CH2I2), to the perovskite photoactive layer could considerably improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the cells through stitching the grain boundaries that act as charge recombination centers. This manuscript spans the material characterization results of the CH2I2 assisted mixed cation perovskite films through Scanning electron microscope (SEM) as well as X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) techniques. It was observed that the synergy of millisecond pulsed annealing and CH2I2 additive could enhance the PSCs photovoltaic parameters, resulting in an in crease from 6.45 % for the pristine devices to 11.34 % efficiency for the mixed cation PSC with photonic pulsed annealing when processed in the ambient with humidity of about 60%. This manuscript highlights the significance of intense pulsed light on rapid annealing of electron transport thin films as well as the impact of released halide from the alky halide to boost the quality of absorber films, which can be a potential candidate for high throughput automated fabrication of PSC PSCs.","PeriodicalId":6749,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"114 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77698944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Accurate Efficiency Measurements for Emerging PV: A Comparison of NREL's Steady-State Performance Calibration Protocol Between Conventional and Emerging PV Technologies 新兴光伏的精确效率测量:NREL在传统和新兴光伏技术之间的稳态性能校准协议的比较

2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) Pub Date : 2019-06-16 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9198951

Tao Song, T. Moriarty, D. Levi

{"title":"Accurate Efficiency Measurements for Emerging PV: A Comparison of NREL's Steady-State Performance Calibration Protocol Between Conventional and Emerging PV Technologies","authors":"Tao Song, T. Moriarty, D. Levi","doi":"10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9198951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9198951","url":null,"abstract":"Emerging PV technologies (e.g. Perovskite, and Quantum Dot) are commonly known to possess challenges for accurate performance measurement under the existing IEC 60904 series of standards, which were developed for conventional Si solar cells. Potential performance artifacts depending on scan rates and directions and light bias exposure history are often seen in those emerging solar cells. To avoid these artifacts and provide an unbiased and reliable efficiency measurement, NREL's Cell and Module Performance (CMP) Group has developed a steady-state performance calibration protocol - the asymptotic PMAX method. In this paper, we applied this procedure to four PV cell technologies, Si, CIGS, perovskite, and Quantum Dot (QD), and compared their performance variations between the transient and the steady-state conditions. By comparison, we found that the performance parameters ( i.e. VOC, ISC, FF, η) measured between fast I-V scans (and the asymptotic method (steady-state) change significantly for perovskite and QD cells. These changes do not happen for Si and CIGS cells. Furthermore, the statistical performance analysis on nearly 100 emerging cells received globally (including OPV, Perovskite, and QD) shows that over 70 % of the fast I-V scans have a relative performance deviation larger than 1% compared to those determined using the asymptotic PMAX scan. Given the complex dynamic behavior observed in emerging PV devices, the CMP group at NREL thus only certifies their steady steady-state performance using the Asymptotic PMAX method. We highly recommend similar steady-state performance calibration protocol for all researchers in emerging PV because accuracy in reported efficiencies is critical to the long-term success of those promising new PV technologies.","PeriodicalId":6749,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"25 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84131592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Ga/(Ga + In) grading effects on ultra-thin (UT) CIGS solar cell 超薄(UT) CIGS太阳能电池Ga/(Ga + In)分级效应

2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) Pub Date : 2019-06-16 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9198972

Wei‐Chao Chen, L. Stolt, M. Edoff

引用次数: 6

Ab-initio assessment of new sulfo-iodide compounds as candidate top-cell materials for silicon-based multi-junction tandem solar cells 新型碘化亚砜化合物作为硅基多结串联太阳能电池顶电池候选材料的从头算评估

2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) Pub Date : 2019-06-16 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9198991

R. Patterson, Wenhao Xu, S. Wei, M. Green, X. Hao

引用次数: 0

Sentaurus Simulation of Monolithic Solar Cells with High Open-Circuit Voltage 高开路电压单片太阳能电池的Sentaurus仿真

2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) Pub Date : 2019-06-16 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9198961

Shujian Xue, A. Augusto, S. Bowden

引用次数: 2

Simulation of Grid-Forming Inverters Dynamic Models using a Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Testbed 基于电力半实物试验台的成网逆变器动态模型仿真

2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) Pub Date : 2019-06-16 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9198969

J. Hernandez-Alvidrez, A. Summers, M. Reno, J. Flicker, N. Pragallapati

{"title":"Simulation of Grid-Forming Inverters Dynamic Models using a Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Testbed","authors":"J. Hernandez-Alvidrez, A. Summers, M. Reno, J. Flicker, N. Pragallapati","doi":"10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9198969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9198969","url":null,"abstract":"Modern power grids include a variety of renewable Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) as a strategy to comply with new environmental and renewable portfolio standards (RPSs) imposed by state and federal agencies. Typically, DERs include the use of power electronic (PE) interfaces to interact with the power grid. Recently this interaction has not only been focused on supplying maximum available energy, but also on supporting the power grid under abnormal conditions such as low voltage/frequency conditions or non-unity power factor. Over the last few years, grid-following inverters (GFLIs) have proven their value while providing these ancillary grid-support services either at residential or utility scale. However, the use of grid-forming inverters (GFMIs) is gaining momentum as the penetration-level of DERs increases and system inertia decreases. Under abnormal operating conditions, GFMIs tend to better preserve grid stability due to their intrinsic ability to balance loads without the aid of coordination controls. In order to gain and propose fundamental insights into the interfacing of GFMIs to real time simulation, this paper analyzes the dynamics of two different GFMI simulation models in terms of stability and load changes using a Power Hardware-in-the-Loop (PHIL) simulation testbed.","PeriodicalId":6749,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"29 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90725751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

High efficiency 6-junction solar cells for the global and direct spectra 用于全局和直接光谱的高效6结太阳能电池

2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) Pub Date : 2019-06-16 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9198950

Ryan M. Francea, John F. Geisza, M. Steinera, K. Schultea, Iván Garcíab, Waldo Olavarriaa, M. Younga, Daniel J. Friedmana

{"title":"High efficiency 6-junction solar cells for the global and direct spectra","authors":"Ryan M. Francea, John F. Geisza, M. Steinera, K. Schultea, Iván Garcíab, Waldo Olavarriaa, M. Younga, Daniel J. Friedmana","doi":"10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9198950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9198950","url":null,"abstract":"We show 6-junction inverted metamorphic solar cells with high efficiencies under both the global and direct spectrum, and discuss improvements to device components. High voltage AlGaInP subcells are demonstrated on GaAs substrates miscut 2° towards (111)B by using Sb surfactant to reduce atomic ordering. This miscut enables high voltage and low dislocation density GaInAs subcells by using atomically-ordered GaInP-based graded buffers. One-sun efficiencies of 39.2 ± 1.3% under the global spectrum and 39.4 ± 1.1% direct spectrum have been demonstrated by using these high voltage subcell components. For high efficiency under the concentrated direct spectrum, low resistance is also necessary, which requires a challenging and nonintuitive optimization of tunnel junctions and heterobarriers. Increasing the thickness of a (Al)GaInAs spacer layer between the back surface fields (BSF) and tunnel junctions (TJ) of latticemismatched subcells reduces nonlinear resistance, which implies a detrimental interaction between the BSF and TJ. Concentrator devices with optimized spacer layers show reduced effective resistance and maintain fill factor ≫ 75% at 1100 suns. Device efficiencies under the concentrated direct spectrum peak at 47.1 ± 3.2% at 143 suns.","PeriodicalId":6749,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"92 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73405607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Suggested Modifications for Bifacial Capacity Testing 对双面容量测试的建议修改

2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) Pub Date : 2019-06-16 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9198974

Martin Waters, C. Deline, J. Kemnitz, J. Webber

引用次数: 7

Microcrack Formation in Silicon Solar Cells during Cold Temperatures 低温下硅太阳能电池微裂纹的形成

2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) Pub Date : 2019-06-16 DOI: 10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9198968

H. Seigneur, E. Schneller, Jason Lincoln, Hossein Ebrahimi, Hossein Ebrahimi, A. Gabor, M. Rowell, Victor Victor Huayamave

{"title":"Microcrack Formation in Silicon Solar Cells during Cold Temperatures","authors":"H. Seigneur, E. Schneller, Jason Lincoln, Hossein Ebrahimi, Hossein Ebrahimi, A. Gabor, M. Rowell, Victor Victor Huayamave","doi":"10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9198968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.9198968","url":null,"abstract":"A single brief exposure of a photovoltaic (PV) module or coupon to cold temperatures down to -40°C, the lower limit in IEC photovoltaic testing standards, significantly degrades the fracture strength of silicon solar cells. To understand the mechanism behind the fracture strength degradation, we built a finite element model of a single cell encapsulated coupon and reduced the temperature isothermally from 25°C to -40°C and from 150°C to -40°C. Our modeling results confirm that the regions next to the interconnect wires see high stresses. The silicon wafer bends around the top wire towards the glass; whereas, the entire coupon curves in the opposite direction. The first-principle stress in the entire silicon wafer was found to be compressive, mostly in plane in the direction perpendicular to the wires, yet unable to cause a failure due to the much larger compressive strength of silicon. On the other hand, out-of-plane shear stresses on each side of the ribbons were observed to exceed considerably the shear strength of silicon, most likely causing the formation of microcracks. These microcracks that form during cooling can later propagate into full cracks at relatively low front side loads that place the cells into tensile stress. We also investigated whether the silicon cell may be buckling due to high compressive stresses due to the backsheet and encapsulant shrinkage. Index Terms— Cooling, Failure analysis, Numerical models, Photovoltaic cells, Solar Panels, Surface cracks, Thermal analysis, Thermal expansion, Thermal stresses.","PeriodicalId":6749,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)","volume":"62 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86708364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5