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LED lighting for petrochemical facilities 石化设施用LED照明
中国石油和化工(企业版) Pub Date : 2013-11-21 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2013.6666040
R. Loiselle, Jason Butler, G. Brady, M. Walton, Norm Henze
{"title":"LED lighting for petrochemical facilities","authors":"R. Loiselle, Jason Butler, G. Brady, M. Walton, Norm Henze","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2013.6666040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2013.6666040","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial petrochemical facilities have predominantly used high intensity discharge (HID) light sources and installation practices unchanged for several decades. Today new light emitting diode (LED) based products are being developed and there appears to be many advantages to this technology, however caution is advised in its application. This paper examines LED lighting technology, standards, and available products along with design / application considerations. Also presented are case studies of LED luminaire retrofits in existing facilities. The paper discusses the results of the studies as they relate to safety, environment impacts, capital and operating costs, design implications, and installation improvements.","PeriodicalId":67291,"journal":{"name":"中国石油和化工(企业版)","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83592065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Considerations of employing motors with oil mist lubrication 采用油雾润滑电机的注意事项
中国石油和化工(企业版) Pub Date : 2013-11-21 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2013.6666019
J. Hillhouse, K. Lyles
{"title":"Considerations of employing motors with oil mist lubrication","authors":"J. Hillhouse, K. Lyles","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2013.6666019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2013.6666019","url":null,"abstract":"When properly employed, oil mist lubrication offers many benefits to the operation of electric motors with rolling element bearings. Cooler operating temperatures, increased reliability, and decreased maintenance issues are some of the achievable advantages associated with this system. However, there are also a host of concerns associated with its use. The costs of installing and operating a mist system must be determined. Motor internal components must be properly constructed in order to contain, drain, and perform in the presence of oil. Ecological and personnel exposure issues must be understood and planned for. Users considering the use of oil mist must conduct a thorough analysis that weighs the benefits against potential costs and hazards. Oil spills can result in costly environmental damage or interference with adjacent equipment. Additional machinery must be installed and maintained in order to support the oil mist method. Special storage considerations must also be taken with oil mist motors that have yet to be installed. This paper will explore the pros and cons of employing oil mist lubrication on rolling element bearing motors. Topics covered will include both motor design features and user installation and application issues. Advances in sealing and oil distribution technologies will also be discussed.","PeriodicalId":67291,"journal":{"name":"中国石油和化工(企业版)","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79096625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluation of motor structural dynamic response by forced vibration analysis 基于强迫振动分析的电机结构动力响应评估
中国石油和化工(企业版) Pub Date : 2013-11-21 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2013.6666051
R. Fialho, Suresh Pinapati, Renato Yabiku
{"title":"Evaluation of motor structural dynamic response by forced vibration analysis","authors":"R. Fialho, Suresh Pinapati, Renato Yabiku","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2013.6666051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2013.6666051","url":null,"abstract":"The manufacturer assessment during the design stage inception for potential resonances near any predicted operating force as well as the overall system amplitude response is essential to ensure the proper field operation. Using a model that takes into account the magnetic and mechanical loads it is possible to optimize the design and improve reliability, minimize resonances and reduce vibration amplitudes of the structure, shaft and bearing housing This paper discusses the forced vibration methodology to assess the system amplitude response when subject to forces coming from the motor itself - such as mechanical unbalances and magnetic unbalance pull. A brief design tutorial associated to the analysis is presented, such as the structural stiffness sensitivities, modeling of the fluid film bearing characteristics, mass lumping techniques and damping coefficient that allow the forced vibration analysis. To corroborate with the proposed model two studies case are discussed and used as validation for the proposed model.","PeriodicalId":67291,"journal":{"name":"中国石油和化工(企业版)","volume":"49 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86807077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Business continuity and disaster management for industrial installations 工业设施的业务连续性和灾难管理
中国石油和化工(企业版) Pub Date : 2013-11-21 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2013.6666009
P. E. Guidry, D. Vaughn, Richard P. Anderson, J. Flores
{"title":"Business continuity and disaster management for industrial installations","authors":"P. E. Guidry, D. Vaughn, Richard P. Anderson, J. Flores","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2013.6666009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2013.6666009","url":null,"abstract":"Presidential Policy Directive 8 (PPD-8) was signed by the President of the United States on March 30, 2011. It deals with the subject of developing a National Preparedness System for security and resiliency for businesses to endure a disaster or catastrophe. These disasters can be caused by anything from natural disasters to terrorism. The overall purpose of this directive is for the Dept. of Homeland Security to help administer a program within the U.S. to analyze, mitigate, and recover from a disaster. Any downtime to a major petrochemical plant or refinery can have an enormous impact on the national economy. Recommendations are provided on how to perform risk assessments in general, how to perform a risk assessment of a petrochemical industry power system, how to develop an effective preventative program, and how to recover quickly from a disaster. Benefits to being well prepared are also addressed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":67291,"journal":{"name":"中国石油和化工(企业版)","volume":"23 6 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83389372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Concept, design and testing of a 12MW 9500 RPM induction motor with oil film bearings for pipeline applications in North America 北美管道应用的12MW 9500 RPM油膜轴承感应电机的概念，设计和测试
中国石油和化工(企业版) Pub Date : 2013-11-21 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2013.6666050
S. Singhal, H. Walter, Travis Tyer
{"title":"Concept, design and testing of a 12MW 9500 RPM induction motor with oil film bearings for pipeline applications in North America","authors":"S. Singhal, H. Walter, Travis Tyer","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2013.6666050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2013.6666050","url":null,"abstract":"Directly coupled converter-fed electric motors for oil & gas applications, especially for pipeline and process compressors, have become more common in recent years due to increased efficiency and precise process control. The pipeline industry is demanding more Megawatts at higher speeds, which means large high-speed electric motors are used in applications directly coupled to high-speed centrifugal compressors, which in the past have been traditionally driven by large gas turbines. Motor manufacturers developed specifically designed motors for applications such as these instead of using higher-speed standard motors. These efforts in recent years resulted in a reliable and optimized motor design, especially the rotor-bearing design, enclosure, bearing shields and cooling to meet stringent vibration and noise requirements, which are defined in specifications such as API, IEC and ISO. Depending on the end user and application, the bearings of motors such as these still represent a challenge. Either active magnetic bearings (AMB) or oil film bearings can be used and the motor needs to provide the interface for both. Design philosophy and technology are applied to design and test 12 MW induction motors running in oil film bearings with a speed range of 4500-9500 rpm for a specific power, torque and speed to replace obsolete and underperforming motors at a natural gas interstate pipeline compressor station in the USA.","PeriodicalId":67291,"journal":{"name":"中国石油和化工(企业版)","volume":" 13","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/PCICON.2013.6666050","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72497789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Simplifying NFPA 70E compliance for thousands of simple facilities 简化数千个简单设施的NFPA 70E合规性
中国石油和化工(企业版) Pub Date : 2013-11-21 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2013.6666033
W. Bolin, Alexander C. Ray
{"title":"Simplifying NFPA 70E compliance for thousands of simple facilities","authors":"W. Bolin, Alexander C. Ray","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2013.6666033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2013.6666033","url":null,"abstract":"Compliance with the arc flash labeling requirements of NFPA 70E is challenging when applied to thousands of simple facilities due to the need for accurate data collection, site-specific analysis, and meticulous labeling. Each utility power service is unique, and the system rigidity, transformer size, and primary fusing are all under the utility's control - subject to change without notice. However, by utilizing a conservative approach centered on a few key variables, it is possible to produce a few simple charts applicable to the vast majority of these installations, empowering field operations personnel to assess arc flash hazards with confidence, to mitigate hazards where possible, and to take the lead in the effort to establish a safer working environment.","PeriodicalId":67291,"journal":{"name":"中国石油和化工(企业版)","volume":"5100 3 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76024878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Considerations for ground-fault protection for low-voltage variable-frequency drive circuits supplied by high-resistance-grounded power-distribution systems 高阻接地配电系统供电低压变频驱动电路接地故障保护的考虑
中国石油和化工(企业版) Pub Date : 2013-11-21 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2013.6666021
M. Savostianik, M. Noonan, R. George, Michael P. Vangool
{"title":"Considerations for ground-fault protection for low-voltage variable-frequency drive circuits supplied by high-resistance-grounded power-distribution systems","authors":"M. Savostianik, M. Noonan, R. George, Michael P. Vangool","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2013.6666021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2013.6666021","url":null,"abstract":"Many low-voltage (LV) adjustable speed drives (ASD's) have a built-in ground-fault function that is not capable of detecting a low-level ground fault and may require the use of a suitable supplemental protection relay for reliable detection. While high resistance grounding (HRG) has become the norm, over recent decades, in many industrial facilities the surge in application of ASD's has challenged designers and end users to manage the attendant risks associated with achieving the intended safety and reliability of LV HRG systems, while managing the inevitable growth of loads that incorporate high-speed electronic switching equipment. Using a zero-sequence current transformer (ZSCT), connected to a ground-overcurrent relay, to detect small values of fault current in ASD circuits is accepted as a reliable approach; but where to locate the CT, upstream or downstream of the drive, is a matter of some debate. This paper reports the unsettling discovery in an industrial installation that the ground-fault-protection of low-voltage ASD's was incompatible with the HRG systems, discusses appropriate HRG design considerations, describes the selection of a retrofit- and new-installation solution, and offers a suggestion for the optimal ZSCT location.","PeriodicalId":67291,"journal":{"name":"中国石油和化工(企业版)","volume":"209 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74424528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Ground fault current protection of a 480Y/277V power system compliance with NEC design requirements 480Y/277V电源系统接地故障电流保护符合NEC设计要求
中国石油和化工(企业版) Pub Date : 2013-11-21 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2013.6666056
P. D. Dev Paul, P. Chavdarian
{"title":"Ground fault current protection of a 480Y/277V power system compliance with NEC design requirements","authors":"P. D. Dev Paul, P. Chavdarian","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2013.6666056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2013.6666056","url":null,"abstract":"The NEC requires that a ground-fault protection of equipment be added when the building service disconnecting rating becomes 1000A or higher. To meet such a requirement, generally, the main service breaker is specified with ground-fault protection capability. This type of breaker provides ground-fault protection to equipment on the load-side of the main breaker, but does not provide protection for a ground-fault on the line-side of the main service breaker. Such a ground-fault may be on the service feeder connections at the main breaker or at the building service transformer. This paper provides a ground-fault protection relay scheme that can provide desired ground-fault protection of the building service feeders. Discussion on the building switchboard bus-rating, when a photovoltaic (PV) ac inverter has connection to the switchboard per NEC 705. 12. is also included.","PeriodicalId":67291,"journal":{"name":"中国石油和化工(企业版)","volume":"129 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82830298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Energy efficient design: Tools, techniques and applications to the petroleum and chemical industry 能源效率设计:石油和化学工业的工具、技术和应用
中国石油和化工(企业版) Pub Date : 2013-11-21 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2013.6666012
P. Sen, K. Malmedal, J. Malinowski
{"title":"Energy efficient design: Tools, techniques and applications to the petroleum and chemical industry","authors":"P. Sen, K. Malmedal, J. Malinowski","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2013.6666012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2013.6666012","url":null,"abstract":"Almost 56% of the total primary energy used (about 100 Quads in 2010) in USA is wasted. 40% of the total energy is used to generate electricity with an overall efficiency of about 32% (or 1/3rd). The transportation sector uses about 27% (1/4th) with an overall efficiency of 25%. The industrial/ commercial sector uses 47% with an overall efficiency of 55%. Energy Efficiency has been a topic of great interest in the Petroleum and Chemical Industry (PCI) since 7-8% of all electricity generated in the US is used by the PCI. This paper discusses recent advancements and best practices in energy efficiency techniques and the impact of new legislation on energy efficiency. It also addresses economic considerations and provides some application guidelines.","PeriodicalId":67291,"journal":{"name":"中国石油和化工(企业版)","volume":"37 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84836917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Thermal imaging: Just a note, not the whole tune a look into continuous thermal monitoring in switchear 热成像:只是一个注意事项，而不是整个曲调，看看开关机的连续热监测
中国石油和化工(企业版) Pub Date : 2013-11-21 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.2013.6666011
Shelly DeGrate, J. Payne, R. Belak
{"title":"Thermal imaging: Just a note, not the whole tune a look into continuous thermal monitoring in switchear","authors":"Shelly DeGrate, J. Payne, R. Belak","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.2013.6666011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.2013.6666011","url":null,"abstract":"A rigorous thermal monitoring regimen is considered standard practice by those responsible for maintaining critical electrical infrastructure. As thermal imaging technologies mature and infrared cameras become increasingly common, it becomes necessary to understand any limitations that may be imposed by methods that capture data infrequently. This paper will frame the benefits of implementing continuous, real time, thermal monitoring instead of performing infrequent scanning with hand-held infrared cameras, in an industrial process environment. Attention is focused on medium and low voltage switchgear due to the importance of their thermal behavior in these industrial settings. Specifically, continuous thermal sensing utilizing fiber-optic based sensors will be reviewed, along with installation considerations and methods for analyzing data.","PeriodicalId":67291,"journal":{"name":"中国石油和化工(企业版)","volume":"53 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88385295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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