Catalysis Science & Technology最新文献

{"title":"Enhanced ethanol reforming with catalytic active ruthenium species derived from solid solution in lanthanum chromite","authors":"Tamara S. Moraes, Victor B. Tinti, Daniel Z. de Florio, Andre S. Ferlauto, Fernando Piazzolla, Yohei Miura, David P. Dean, Hien N. Pham, Jeffrey T. Miller, Abhaya K. Datye and Fabio C. Fonseca","doi":"10.1039/D5CY00774G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5CY00774G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Ethanol steam reforming (ESR) is a promising route for renewable hydrogen production, but it requires highly active and coke resistant catalysts to efficiently convert ethanol into hydrogen-rich mixtures. The ESR catalytic activity is investigated in single-phase LaCr<small>_{1−<em>x</em>}</small>Ru<small>_<em>x</em></small>O<small>₃</small> solid solutions with 0.0 ≤ <em>x</em> ≤ 0.20. Highly active ruthenium species are formed at the surface of the oxide <em>in operando</em> during ESR at 600 °C. These species have remarkable stability for ESR with strong resistance for coke formation, resembling single-atom catalysts. Samples reduced <em>ex situ</em> at higher temperature (900 °C) exhibit Ru exsolved nanoparticles with lower catalytic stability than the species obtained <em>in operando</em> during ESR reaction. X-ray absorption spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy reveal that small metallic Ru species (≤2 nm) are formed under ESR reaction, whereas in samples exsolved at 900 °C such species coexist with larger exsolved Ru particles (∼5 nm), which are more likely to deactivate. The experimental results provide an innovative approach for solid solution-derived species in refractory oxide matrix that are valuable for designing robust catalysts for ESR.</p>","PeriodicalId":66,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Science & Technology","volume":" 19","pages":" 5907-5923"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hierarchical porous carbon-supported bimetallic catalyst for enhanced low-temperature steam methane reforming","authors":"Yu-e Zhao, Jinxiao Li, Ao Xu, Yulong Liu, Minghui Lian, Jing Zhang, Hexiang Zhong, Chunhua Yang, Rensheng Song and Liwei Pan","doi":"10.1039/D5CY00695C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5CY00695C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Traditional steam methane reforming (SMR) catalysts face significant challenges, particularly irreversible deactivation caused by sintering-induced aggregation of active components. A series of hierarchical porous carbon (HPC)-based catalysts with different Ni/Mg molar ratios were prepared to address this problem. The HPC support facilitated SMR reactions through a dual-anchoring catalytic mechanism, combining physical confinement by the hierarchical porous structure and chemical anchoring <em>via</em> oxygen-containing functional groups. Among these catalysts, the active components were present as NiO–MgO solid solutions, which enhanced the dispersion of active species and strengthened the interaction between the support and active components. The synergistic effect between the HPC support and NiO–MgO solid solutions collectively improved catalytic activity and long-term operational stability. Notably, the 1Ni–1Mg/HPC catalyst demonstrated optimal performance, with CH<small>₄</small> conversion increasing from 38.15% to 88.11% for the Ni/HPC catalyst at 650 °C, while the H<small>₂</small> yield reached 68.33%, and the catalyst showed negligible activity decay during 80 h of continuous operation. These results indicated that a highly active and stable SMR catalyst had been developed.</p>","PeriodicalId":66,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Science & Technology","volume":" 19","pages":" 5837-5849"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of a highly stable Ni–Co bimetallic catalyst for the steam reforming of methane via in situ crystallization of phyllosilicate on porous spherical silica","authors":"Ryunosuke Nakamura, Hikari Minamisawa and Tomohiko Okada","doi":"10.1039/D5CY00770D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5CY00770D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Although Ni nanoparticles are useful as catalytically active species in diverse reactions, their agglomeration restricts their long-term activity. Therefore, improving the thermal stability of Ni nanoparticles on a support is essential for enhancing their activity in processes such as the reforming of hydrocarbons. Herein, we present a synthetic strategy for thermally stable Ni–Co bimetallic nanoparticles supported on porous spherical silica, which is based on the <em>in situ</em> crystallization of a 2 : 1-type phyllosilicate. The synthesis process consisted of the reaction of silica powder with Ni(NO<small>₃</small>)<small>₂</small> and Co(NO<small>₃</small>)<small>₂</small> in an aqueous urea solution at 150 °C on the surface of porous silica microspheres, followed by treating the resulting 2 : 1-type phyllosilicate at 800 °C in a H<small>₂</small> flow to obtain Ni–Co bimetallic nanoparticles and CoSiO<small>₄</small> supported on micrometer-sized spherical silica. The preservation of the spherical morphology enabled the steam reforming of methane without requiring molding/pelletizing of the powdered microspheres. The as-synthesized Ni–Co bimetallic nanoparticles exhibited higher catalytic activity than those prepared using a conventional impregnation method because the anchoring effect of Co<small>²⁺</small> in CoSiO<small>₄</small> prevented nanoparticle agglomeration, thereby improving the catalytic activity. The proposed synthetic strategy using particulate porous silica is feasible for the fabrication of highly functionalized metal nanoparticle-based catalysts resistant to sintering and degradation.</p>","PeriodicalId":66,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Science & Technology","volume":" 19","pages":" 5857-5863"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urea-assisted hydrogen production: insights into Ni(Co, Mn) LDH-based multifunctional electrocatalysts","authors":"Subramanian Rajalekshmi, Kodiyarasu Sooriya, Suresh Varsha and Alagarsamy Pandikumar","doi":"10.1039/D5CY00668F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5CY00668F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The pursuit of sustainable energy technologies has sparked significant interest in multifunctional, transition metal-based nanostructured electrocatalysts for efficient energy conversion. A promising pathway toward energy sustainability involves hydrogen production through hybrid water electrolysis. By tackling the slow kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), integrating urea electrolysis significantly lowers the cell voltage, offering a promising energy-saving route to hydrogen production. In this work, Ni-based layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanostructures exhibit remarkable stability in alkaline media, positioning them as versatile electrocatalysts for the urea oxidation reaction (UOR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Using a facile one-pot co-precipitation method, NiCo-LDH and NiMn-LDH nanostructures are synthesized. Interestingly, for the HER and UOR, these nanostructures show relatively small overpotentials of 360 and 90 mV at 50 mA cm<small>⁻²</small>, respectively. Furthermore, NiCo-LDH/NF electrodes are used as the anode and cathode in hybrid water electrolysis, which is accomplished at a lower cell voltage of 1.66 V at 10 mA cm<small>⁻²</small>. The numerous active sites in the LDH nanostructures and the extremely conductive nickel foam substrate work in sync to produce this exceptional electrocatalytic performance. Overall, this work suggests a robust idea for implementing efficient, durable, and multifunctional electrocatalysts that enhance the HER, OER, and UOR, contributing to next-generation hydrogen production technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":66,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Science & Technology","volume":" 19","pages":" 5753-5764"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building monolayer Ti0.91O2 nanosheets to enhance hydrogen production for photocatalytic water splitting","authors":"Canyi Qiu, Mukun Xu, Shitong Han, Liuhan Guo, Hua Zhao, Jinni Shen, Wenxin Dai, Xuxu Wang, Zizhong Zhang and Hailing Xi","doi":"10.1039/D5CY00577A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5CY00577A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Two dimensional (2D) nanosheet photocatalysts have received intensive attention for various incomparable advantages. However, fabricating single-atom-thick photocatalyst nanosheets remains challenging. In this work, we developed monolayer nanosheets of Ti<small>_0.91</small>O<small>₂</small> photocatalysts <em>via</em> the hydrazine assisted hydrothermal exfoliation of multilayer nanosheets. The hydrazine hydrate used for exfoliation can simultaneously serve as a sacrificial agent. Thepristine monolayer Ti<small>_0.91</small>O<small>₂</small> photocatalysts achieved a hydrogen production rate of 6.22 mmol h<small>⁻¹</small> g<small>⁻¹</small> from water splitting, representing a fourfold enhancement over multilayer nanosheets. Upon loading Pt nanoparticles, the hydrogen production activity of Ti<small>_0.91</small>O<small>₂</small> monolayer nanosheets increased to 13.28 mmol h<small>⁻¹</small> g<small>⁻¹</small>. The monolayer nanosheets of Ti<small>_0.91</small>O<small>₂</small> photocatalysts markedly enhanced the separation efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the photogenerated electrons migrate to the edge of Ti<small>_0.91</small>O<small>₂</small> monolayer nanosheets for the reduction reaction, while the photooxidation occurred on the surface of the nanosheets. This study provides valuable insights into the design of nanosheet photocatalysts.</p>","PeriodicalId":66,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Science & Technology","volume":" 19","pages":" 5827-5836"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From CO2 to DME: catalytic advances, challenges, and alternatives to conventional gas-phase routes","authors":"Elka Kraleva, Udo Armbruster, Maria Luisa Saladino, Francesco Giacalone, Tomoo Mizugaki and Izabela S. Pieta","doi":"10.1039/D5CY00462D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5CY00462D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Dimethyl ether (DME) is gaining attention as both a biofuel and electro-fuel (e-fuel) due to its high volumetric energy density (0.16 kg H<small>₂</small> per l) and rich hydrogen content, making it a promising energy carrier. Global DME production is around 10 million tons annually, primarily derived from synthesis gas. This process typically requires high temperatures above 250 °C and elevated pressures, involving two catalysts and multiple stages of separation and distillation. A major breakthrough in DME production would involve utilizing CO<small>₂</small> and H<small>₂</small> mixtures under milder conditions in a single-step process. Such advancements could create a circular DME synthesis–consumption cycle, leading to significant reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This work explores recent developments in both direct and indirect DME production methods, with a focus on enhancing CO<small>₂</small>-to-DME processes. It highlights the design of highly active, durable, and selective catalysts, as well as scalable synthesis methods that eliminate expensive separation and distillation steps. In addition to conventional gas-phase approaches, this review presents a novel liquid-phase DME production pathway <em>via</em> methyl formate (MF), discussing its potential advantages and current limitations, particularly related to low conversion rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":66,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Science & Technology","volume":" 19","pages":" 5552-5573"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/cy/d5cy00462d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scavenging of photogenerated holes in TiO2-based catalysts uniquely controls pollutant degradation and hydrogen formation under UVA or visible irradiation","authors":"Nelson Rutajoga, Valerie Velez and Juan C. Scaiano","doi":"10.1039/D5CY00720H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5CY00720H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The use of heterogeneous photocatalysts to degrade hard-to-remove pharmaceuticals from polluted water offers a promising approach for efficient water treatment. These contaminants, commonly found in rivers and lakes, can be traced back to wastewater effluents containing harmful chemical species, including endocrine disruptors. Our research provides valuable insights into the functioning of known TiO<small>₂</small>-based photocatalysts as well as novel materials designed to expand the catalyst's absorption range into the visible region. This includes TiO<small>₂</small>, Pd@TiO<small>₂</small>, Cu@TiO<small>₂</small>, and Au@TiO<small>₂</small>. Among the emerging photocatalysts, black TiO<small>₂</small> (b-TiO<small>₂</small>) was selected as the starting point, and subsequently decorated with metal nanoparticles to produce Pd@b-TiO<small>₂</small>, Cu@b-TiO<small>₂</small>, and Au@b-TiO<small>₂</small>. Mechanistic findings reveal that hole trapping consistently emerges as the yield-determining step, with electron scavenging following closely behind. Consequently, oxygen or proton trapping of electrons has no significant impact on the overall efficiency of removal of pollutants. Additionally, we present a methodology for screening the capability of newly designed materials to photodegrade pollutants by measuring the output of H<small>₂</small>. This eliminates the need for series of experimental trials specific to each target pollutant; thereby, streamlining conventional processes upheld in this field. Each of these materials was first tested for their hydrogen generating ability under UV and visible light using methanol and formic acid as sacrificial electron donors, as well as estradiol, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen. Following this, ibuprofen was selected for extended studies where it would be photooxidized and/or release H<small>₂</small> gas as a by-product that is readily detectable using gas chromatography.</p>","PeriodicalId":66,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Science & Technology","volume":" 19","pages":" 5886-5892"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/cy/d5cy00720h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Niobium oxide deposited on high surface area graphite as a stable catalyst in the 1-butanol dehydration reaction","authors":"J. M. Conesa, A. Guerrero-Ruiz, I. Rodríguez-Ramos and M. V. Morales","doi":"10.1039/D4CY01531B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4CY01531B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Niobium oxide, a promising catalyst for acid-catalyzed reactions in water-rich environments, often faces challenges due to its low specific surface area and performance highly dependent on synthesis conditions. In our study, niobium oxide was dispersed over a high-surface-area graphite support (HSAG), and the resulting composite catalysts were evaluated in the continuous gas-phase dehydration of 1-butanol under mild conditions (275 °C, atmospheric pressure). We systematically investigated the effects of the niobium precursor (chloride <em>vs.</em> oxalate), Nb loading (from 1/6 to 4/3 of the theoretical monolayer), and synthesis method—incipient wetness impregnation (IW) <em>vs.</em> urea-assisted deposition–precipitation (DP). Catalysts prepared by IW showed reduced surface areas and evidence of Nb oxide aggregation or partial reduction (NbO<small>₂</small>), while the DP method led to better dispersion, preservation of mesoporosity, and formation of orthorhombic Nb<small>₂</small>O<small>₅</small>, as revealed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Despite similar acid strength distributions, measured by ammonia temperature-programmed desorption (TPD-NH<small>₃</small>), catalytic stability varied markedly across samples. The DP catalyst exhibited outstanding stability and high selectivity toward C<small>₄</small> olefins (≥90%), while IW catalysts experienced progressive deactivation. Post-reaction XRD confirmed structural stability, while thermogravimetric analyses coupled with mass spectroscopy (TGA-MS) revealed greater coke and isobutene retention—key deactivation factors—on deactivated IW samples. These findings demonstrate that the synthesis method governs catalyst dispersion, stability, and resistance to deactivation.</p>","PeriodicalId":66,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Science & Technology","volume":" 19","pages":" 5864-5875"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/cy/d4cy01531b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient C(sp3)–H alkylation of fluorene and bisindolylmethane synthesis catalysed by a PNN-Ni complex using alcohols","authors":"Manali A. Mohite and Maravanji S. Balakrishna","doi":"10.1039/D5CY00779H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5CY00779H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This manuscript describes the C-alkylation of 9<em>H</em>-fluorene and the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methane derivatives catalysed by the nickel complex [(NiCl){(P<small>^<em>t</em></small>Bu<small>₂</small>)N(H)N-κ<small>³</small>-P,N,N}]OTf (hereafter referred to as <strong>Ni2</strong>). This efficient protocol offers several advantages, including low catalyst loading, and mild reaction conditions. It also offers a broad substrate scope (encompassing aliphatic, aromatic, and secondary alcohols), high functional group compatibility, and excellent chemoselectivity. The approach also enables post-functionalization of C-alkylated fluorenes and has been successfully applied to the synthesis of medicinally relevant indole derivatives to explore its potential applications. Mechanistic insights were obtained through control experiments. The results suggest that the reaction proceeds <em>via</em> metal–ligand cooperation within the catalytic cycle, and the formation of a nickel hydride intermediate was further confirmed by NMR and HRMS analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":66,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Science & Technology","volume":" 19","pages":" 5713-5723"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of doping metal on the catalytic performance of manganese-based layered double hydroxides in the aerobic oxidation of alcohols","authors":"Deqin Liang, Jiaqi Yan, Xiaojing Yin, Yu Wang, Jizhou Du, Junfeng Qian, Mingyang He and Weiyou Zhou","doi":"10.1039/D5CY00816F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5CY00816F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The selective aerobic oxidation of alcohols to produce corresponding aldehydes is a highly significant protocol in organic synthesis. In this study, a series of metal-doped MgMn layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have been fabricated (MMgMn-LDHs, M = Cu, Co or Ni), characterized, and explored for their performance in the aerobic oxidation of alcohols. The findings reveal that doping with metals can regulate the electronic properties of manganese and the distribution of surface oxygen species. Among them, Cu doping in CuMgMn-LDH results in the generation of stable low-state Mn species (Mn<small>²⁺</small> and Mn<small>³⁺</small> species) and oxygen vacancies, which exhibits the lowest activation energy, as well as the best performances toward benzyl alcohol oxidation. Kinetic studies indicate that the aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol follows pseudo-first-order kinetics. Mechanism investigations reveal that Mn<small>²⁺</small> and Mn<small>³⁺</small> species can accelerate the aerobic oxidation of alcohols through HAT (hydrogen atom transfer) and PCET (proton coupled electron transfer) processes, respectively, with the former being the dominant pathway. Moreover, the CuMgMn-LDH catalytic system demonstrates broad substrate tolerance, good catalytic stability, and recyclability, highlighting its convenience and practicality as a catalytic process for aldehyde production.</p>","PeriodicalId":66,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Science & Technology","volume":" 19","pages":" 5876-5885"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}