Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of alumina/talc nanocomposite by sol-gel method and its application for removal of bromocresol green from aqueous solution","authors":"Hossein Dashti Khavidaki,&nbsp;Zahra Saki","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06843-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06843-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this research, alumina/talc nanocomposite was synthesized for the first time and used to remove bromocresol green as a dye pollutant from aqueous solution. The synthesized nanocomposite was identified and confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, scan electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherm. The adsorption experiments of bromocresol green dye on alumina/talc nanocomposite were designed and performed based on the design of experiment software by response surface method and central cube design. In the design of experiments, factors including pH, initial concentration of bromocresol green, alumina/talc nanocomposite dose, contact time and temperature were investigated. The maximum adsorption percentage obtained 98.43% at optimal conditions: pH = 2.06; in the initial concentration, 8.83 mg/L; adsorbent dose, 0.035 g; contact time, 32 min; and temperature, 25 °C. Among Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms, the desired adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm model with a regression coefficient of 0.9955 and the maximum adsorption capacity of 147.06 mg/g. The thermodynamic investigation of the adsorption process indicated that all three quantities of Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy changes were negative and therefore, the process was spontaneity, exothermic, and reducing disorder, respectively, especially at 25 °C. In addition, among four kinetic models, zero order, pseudo first order, pseudo second order and Higuchi model, the most appropriate kinetic model is the pseudo-second order model with a regression coefficient of 0.9992.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"115 3","pages":"1764 - 1780"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144926983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thickness effect on the laser-induced thermoelectric voltage and laser-communication realization of the solution–derived inclined Bi2201 thin films","authors":"Xianwu Tang,&nbsp;Ming Liu,&nbsp;Yanchao Zhang,&nbsp;Pengzhan Liu,&nbsp;Fan Shi,&nbsp;Feifei Qin,&nbsp;Yongjin Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06893-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06893-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Thickness-dependent laser-induced thermoelectric voltage (LITV) effect via a semiconductor laser with a wavelength of 405 nm in the inclined solution-derived Bi₂Sr₂CuO_y (Bi2201) thin films has been studied. The high peak voltage of 47.6 mV under a power density of 50 mW/cm², and a large sensitivity of 0.93 ± 0.007 V·cm²/W (or 23.3 ± 0.18 V/mJ) are derived with the optimized thickness of 280 nm. The peak voltage demonstrates an initial increase and then a decrease with the increased film thickness, which is ascribed to the varied temperature difference caused by the gradually prolonged thermal transfer distance, increased light absorption, and enhanced electric conductance. Based on such LITV effect, the optical communication system composed of the transistor-transistor-logic modulated laser diode and the Bi2201 thin film was designed and realized. The separate and distinguished pseudorandom binary sequence can be transmitted and decoded correctly by this communication system. All these results will provide a way to optimize Bi2201 thin films with improved LITV and expand their performance in optical detection.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p>Voltage self-produced makes the LITV effect important and valuable for broadband light detection. However, the expensive and large-sized excimer lasers restrict their practical application. Here, high peak voltage and large sensitivity with a commercial semiconductor laser are derived. Based on the optimized film device and its laser-induced self-produced voltage, optical communication was presented for the first time as one typical application of the LITV effect.</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"115 3","pages":"1757 - 1763"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144926950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication and evaluation of hybrid foam fire-extinguishing agent reinforced with nano-zirconia sol","authors":"Weining Du,&nbsp;Yaqiang Jiang,&nbsp;Mingqiang Yan,&nbsp;Jun Deng,&nbsp;Zhicheng Xie","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06886-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06886-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this work, various of hybrid foam fire extinguishing agents (FFZ) with different nano-zirconia sol content were prepared by a simple blending method. It was found that the incorporated nano-zirconia could acquire good compatibility with the foam fire extinguishing dispersion, leading to the formation of colloidal cluster structure in the FFZ. Moreover, the FFZ4 containing 4 wt% of nano-zirconia possessed uniform colloidal clusters, resulting in good dispersibility and dispersion stability in aqueous foam system. Meanwhile, the FFZ4 possessed balanced viscosity (3.9 mPa·s), surface tension (19.4 mN/m), foamability (5), and 25% drainage time (18 min) among the prepared hybrid foam agents. Furthermore, the FFZ4 could effectively extinguish the oil pool fire within 25 s without reignition, better than that of the control foam fire extinguishing agent. In addition, the FFZ4 with nano-zirconia also possessed good in vitro cytocompatibility. This research provides valuable insights into the application of nano-zirconia sol for improving the stability and fire extinguishing efficiency of foam fire extinguishing agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"115 3","pages":"1748 - 1756"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144926949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of thermal behavior treatment and nickel doping impact on the structure, morphology and photocatalytic properties of NixZn1-xBi0.3Fe1.7/SiO2 nanocomposites","authors":"Thomas Dippong,&nbsp;Raluca Anca Mereu,&nbsp;Dana Toloman","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06880-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06880-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present work shows the characterization of Ni_xZn_1-xBi_0.3Fe_1.7O₄ (<i>x</i> = 0–0.5) incorporated into a SiO₂ matrix, obtained by using a sol-gel method. The thermal analyses confirmed the development of Ni, Zn, Bi and Fe succinates at 131–190 °C and their transformation thorough decomposition into metal oxides at 260–314 °C, that subsequently undergo reactions to produce ferrites. The formation, development and decomposition of glyoxylate precursors, followed by their incorporation in the SiO₂ matrix and the formation of spinel ferrite were confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. The formation of Ni-Zn-Bi ferrites with crystallite sizes in the range of 49.1–98.6 nm was established by X-ray diffraction. At high heat treatment temperatures, crystalline ferrites were integrated into the crystalline phases of the SiO₂ matrix. At low heat treatment temperatures, poorly crystalline ferrites accompanied by silicates were formed. All the analyzed samples exhibit a certain degree of porosity. Mesoporous are present within a narrow pore size distribution. The photocatalytic performances of the samples investigated were evaluated by studying the degradation of Rhodamine B under the action of visible light. High amounts of Ni in the sample lead to the best removal performance, ~77%. Scavenger experiments confirm that in the photocatalytic processes involve holes, hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals. The photostability of the sample with Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Bi_0.3Fe_1.7O₄/SiO₂ was tested over five consecutive photocatalytic cycles.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"115 3","pages":"1715 - 1730"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144927080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facile synthesis, characterization, and bioavailability improvement of Losartan Potassium using 3-aminopropyl functionalized magnesium phyllosilicate organoclay","authors":"Rakesh Dhavale,&nbsp;Dnyaneshwar Mane,&nbsp;Prafull Mane,&nbsp;Avdhut Jadhav,&nbsp;Udaykumar Patil","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06871-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06871-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hypertension is characterized by elevated blood pressure and tends to be a leading risk factor in cardiovascular conditions and renal dysfunction in India. 3-aminopropyl functionalized magnesium phyllosilicate (AMP) clay containing Losartan potassium (LP) was synthesized using the one-pot sol-gel method for sustained antihypertensive effect. AMP clays containing LP in different drug-to-clay ratios (Losartan Potassium Clay; LPC-1, LPC-2 and LPC-3) resulted in porous organic hybrids for improvement in the bioavailability of LP. Organic clays and LPC-3 were structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In-vitro dissolution studies resulted in rapid release of LP from LPC-3 in 2 h compared to other compositions. More than 80% LP was released from LPC-3 after 45 min, and complete release at the end of 3 h. LPC-3 showed a 1.5-fold increase in solubility at pH 1.0 compared to the LP alone. AMP clays drew a change in the pH of an aqueous solution to 6.0, resulting in the dissolution of LP. The cellular uptake showed 74% permeation of LP from LPC-3 across Caco-2 cells. Moreover, in-vivo studies revealed an increase in the peak plasma concentration (C_max), area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC_0-24h) and reduction in time to reach the peak plasma concentration (T_max) after an oral administration of LPC-3. Thus, the relative bioavailability of LPC-3 was found to be 1.52-fold increase than LP solution. The studies found enhancement in the bioavailability of LP from clay-based organic hybrid after oral administration.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"115 3","pages":"1731 - 1747"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144927044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Mg substitution in modulating defect-mediated magnetism and mechanical strength of Zn0.95Co0.05O systems","authors":"E. Asikuzun,&nbsp;G. Yildirim,&nbsp;A. S. Ertürk,&nbsp;O. Ozturk,&nbsp;T. Seydioglu,&nbsp;C. Terzioglu","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06882-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06882-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the structural, magnetic, and mechanical modifications induced by partial Mg/Zn substitution in Zn_0.95Co_0.05O diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) systems prepared by the sol-gel method. A combination of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), and Vickers microhardness (H_v) testing is employed to assess the impact of Mg incorporation. Experimental and computational results confirm the successful substitution of Mg²⁺ ions into the ZnCoO lattice without forming secondary phases. XRD analyses reveal a slight reduction in crystallite size, varying from 37.62 nm to 36.48 nm, attributable to the differences in ionic radius and electronegativity between Mg²⁺ and Zn²⁺ ions. Mg addition enhances crystallinity, interface state formation, and atomic-scale interactions, while promoting quantum confinement effects. SEM observations indicate that Mg/Zn substitution significantly influences particle size, surface morphology, and oxide layer thickness. Increasing Mg content improves grain coupling and surface uniformity through strengthened interfacial interactions. Microhardness results show that Mg incorporation improves mechanical stability by limiting crack propagation, enhancing grain boundary couplings, and minimizing stored internal strain energy. Magnetic measurements indicate that all samples exhibit predominantly paramagnetic behavior with weak ferromagnetic features emerging at low temperatures. Low-temperature magnetization is attributed to defect-mediated ferromagnetic coupling, whereas high-temperature behavior follows Curie–Weiss paramagnetism. The Mg/Zn substitution alters electronic structure and oxygen vacancy distribution, modulating exchange interactions. Small coercivity values (230 Oe in ZFC and 570 Oe in FC) and vertical M–H loop shifts at 5 K suggest diluted antiferromagnetism rather than conventional exchange bias effects. Additionally, creep analysis from loading–unloading curves confirms that increasing Mg content lowers the creep rate, with the ZnO: Mg (5%) sample exhibiting the best mechanical resilience. In conclusion, Mg substitution significantly enhances the structural, magnetic, and mechanical performance of ZnCoO matrices, making them more favorable for controlled paramagnetic applications than room-temperature spintronic technologies.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p>Fundamental Structural Properties of Zn_0.95-xMg_xCo_0.05O DMS structure.</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"115 3","pages":"1694 - 1714"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144927079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breathtaking competition in ethylene glycol sensing of ZnCo2O4 and ZnCo2O4/graphene nanoparticles","authors":"Arefeh Rezapour,&nbsp;Samaneh Rasouli Jamnani,&nbsp;Abbas Bagheri Khatibani,&nbsp;Zahra Tirehdast,&nbsp;Ensie Basiri Tochaee","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06877-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06877-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study involves the prepration of ZnCo₂O₄ and ZnCo₂O₄/graphene nanostructures to investigate their sensing capabilities toward ethylene glycol vapors (in different concentrations 100-500 ppm). Several characterizations were carried out to confirm the composition and identify the prepared samples, including XRD (X-ray diffraction), EDX (energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), FESEM (field emission scanning electron microscopy), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), DRS (diffuse reflectance spectroscopy), and BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis). Although there is a slight difference between the responses of ZnCo₂O₄ and ZnCo₂O₄/graphene, the response time of ZnCo₂O₄/graphene sample was significantly better and the linear responses belonged to the ZnCo₂O₄/graphene-based sensor. The ZnCo₂O₄/graphene based sensor appears more suitable for practical applications. The ZnCo₂O₄/graphene based sensor has the best selevtivity toward ethylene glycol in the presence of other gas vapors including ethanol, acetone, N,N-Dimethylformamide, isopropanol, methanol, and triethylamine. The limit of detection of the mentioned sensor was found 33 parts per billion (ppb).</p>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"115 3","pages":"1677 - 1693"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144926982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-assembled CdS/C3N5 heterostructure for photocatalytic CO2 reduction","authors":"Xia Zhou,&nbsp;Cunyuan Gao,&nbsp;Shiben Liu,&nbsp;Guangchao Zou,&nbsp;Juan Wang,&nbsp;Xuguang Zhang,&nbsp;Lingwei Wang,&nbsp;Yifeng Wang,&nbsp;Jinheung Kim,&nbsp;Bin Cai","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06822-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06822-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Quantum dots (QDs) are promising alternatives for CO₂ photoreduction catalysts due to their excellent photogenerated charge transfer capabilities and tunable band positions. However, their photocatalytic performance is often limited by rapid charge carrier recombination and a lack of sufficient CO₂ adsorption sites. Constructing heterostructures is a well-established strategy to address these challenges. Herein, a CdS/C₃N₅ heterojunction with CdS QDs dispersed on C₃N₅ nanosheets was successfully fabricated via a simple self-assembly method. The resulting composite exhibited significantly enhanced visible-light-driven CO₂ reduction performance with CO as the primary reduction product, alongside negligible amounts of CH₄ and H₂. The CO evolution rate reached 4.9 mmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹, which is approximately 80 times and 4 times higher than that of C₃N₅ and CdS QDs, respectively. The outstanding performance and stability of the CdS/C₃N₅ heterojunction can be attributed to the uniform dispersion and intimate interfacial contact between the components, which facilitate efficient charge separation and rapid carrier transfer. This work provides a viable strategy for the fabrication of highly efficient heterostructure photocatalysts for CO₂ reduction.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"116 1","pages":"682 - 693"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145296600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Negative differential resistance in amorphous carbon/zirconium oxide nanocomposites: mechanisms and characterisation","authors":"Wrida Ahmed,&nbsp;Achraf Rouine,&nbsp;Hajer Jeidi,&nbsp;Mohamed Noissria,&nbsp;Mohsen Erouel,&nbsp;Lassaad El Mir","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06878-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06878-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Devices exhibiting negative differential resistance (NDR) characteristics are fundamental in constructing many electronic components, where NDR plays a crucial role in various power electronic applications. This study presents a ground-breaking development in our continuous exploration of NDR behaviour observed in nanocomposites. These devices are synthesised using an economical and straightforward sol-gel technique. We focused on a pyrogallol formaldehyde (PF) matrix enriched with zirconium oxide (ZrO₂) nanopowder. Our approach involved incorporating an amount of ZrO₂ nanopowder into the carbon matrix, with the additive weight set at 10% of the PF matrix mass ratio. Initially, ZrO₂ nanoparticles were synthesised and embedded within (PF) host matrix using the sol-gel method under atmospheric conditions. Subsequently, PF/ZrO₂ nanocomposites were produced through a straightforward pyrolysis process, conducted for 2 h at the predetermined temperature in an inert atmosphere. Then, the structural, morphological, and electrical properties of the zirconium oxide/carbon nanocomposites (PFZr) were investigated. The analyses confirm the successful incorporation of nanosized zirconium particles into the organic matrix. Electrical conductivity measurements show a temperature-dependent transformation from an insulating xerogel to conductive carbon particles during pyrolysis, indicating the formation of continuous conducting channels. In addition, current-voltage (<i>I-V</i>) characteristics exhibit a promising (NDR) phenomenon, assigned to the Joule heating effect. This study also explores various prepared and measured parameters influencing the NDR response. This work highlights the potential of PFZr nanocomposites as a smart material for future technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"115 3","pages":"1650 - 1664"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144926986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of lanthanum doping on structural and optical properties of K0.5Bi0.5TiO3 ceramics prepared by sol–gel technique","authors":"Saloni Bhardwaj,&nbsp;Shammi Kumar,&nbsp;Nagesh Thakur","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06873-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10971-025-06873-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lanthanum doped K_0.5(Bi_1−x a_x)_0.5TiO₃ at x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 ceramics are prepared by using solution based sol-gel route. The effect of lanthanum doping on structural and optical parameters of K_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃ ceramics has been investigated systematically. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of perovskite phase crystallized in tetragonal structure (space group P4mm) and incorporation of lanthanum ions in the crystal lattice. Raman study reveals significant changes in vibrational mode of lanthanum doped KBT ceramics with increase in lanthanum ions concentrations. The various optical parameters such as optical band gap, Urbach energy, refractive index and extinction coefficient have been investigated by using UV-visible spectroscopy. The direct optical bandgap of ceramics are analysed by using Tauc’s plots and decrease with increase in lanthanum ions concentration.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"115 3","pages":"1665 - 1676"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144927089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}