Journal of Rubber Research最新文献

{"title":"Morphoanatomy and differential expression of genes latex synthesis and formation of laticiferous vessels in vitro seedlings of Hevea spp.","authors":"Ana Claudia L. da Silva,&nbsp;Josiane Celerino de Carvalho,&nbsp;Elmer Viana Gonçalves,&nbsp;Thais Andrade Germano,&nbsp;Pedro Paulo dos Santos,&nbsp;Andreia Varmes Fernandes,&nbsp;José Hélio Costa,&nbsp;Jonny Everson Scherwinski Pereira,&nbsp;Adriano Nunes-Nesi,&nbsp;José Francisco de C. Gonçalves","doi":"10.1007/s42464-025-00329-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42464-025-00329-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The increasing global demand for natural rubber has prompted research efforts to focus on developing propagation techniques for the rapid production of <i>Hevea</i> clones on a large scale. This study aimed to examine the in vitro establishment of the <i>Hevea brasiliensis, H. guianensis, H. spruceana,</i> and RRIM 600 genotypes from zygotic embryos subjected to various treatments with plant growth regulators (PGRs). Furthermore, the morphoanatomical structure and expression profile of genes involved in latex biosynthesis (<i>REF1, REF3, REF7</i> and <i>SRPP1</i>), as well as in the formation of laticiferous vessels (<i>CDPK1, MPK3</i> and <i>WOX13</i>) were evaluated. The emergence and subsequent development of seedlings were observed to occur via different strategies. However, these treatments didn’t result in any observable morphological changes. The secretory structure exhibited distinctive cellular morphological characteristics between the species, as evidenced by the presence of articulated and anastomosed laticiferous vessels in <i>H. brasiliensis</i> and RRIM 600, articulated and non-anastomosed vessels in <i>H. guianensis</i>, and non-articulated, branched, laticifer cells with aggregated distribution in <i>H. spruceana.</i> Genes associated with latex biosynthesis and the formation of laticiferous vessels were expressed in seedlings belonging to all genotypes under study. The results demonstrate that the MS medium exhibited superior performance in the emergence of complete seedlings across all genotypes when compared to the MS medium with plant regulators. Furthermore, the combined morphoanatomical parameters and differential expression of the genes <i>REF3, SRPP1,</i> and <i>MPK3</i>, may serve as potential candidate genes for early selection of <i>Hevea</i> spp. species and the mass propagation of in vitro seedlings of “elite” genotypes, thereby facilitating the advancement of rubber tree breeding programmes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rubber Research","volume":"28 5","pages":"683 - 694"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147352672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a probe tack method for determining the surface tack of thin-walled rubber films","authors":"Siavash Amirosanloo,&nbsp;Boris Maroh,&nbsp;Florian Arbeiter,&nbsp;Raimund Schaller,&nbsp;Sandra Schlögl","doi":"10.1007/s42464-025-00330-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42464-025-00330-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Surface tack plays a key role in the technical application of rubber products as it affects their tribological, haptic and packaging properties. For medical gloves, a variety of surface modification techniques and coatings are applied in industry to adjust and reduce the surface tack. However, the testing of tack often relies on empirical bricking block tests that do not allow a quantification of this surface related property. Herein, a pull-off test setup was developed to reliably quantify the surface tack of thin-walled latex films. As test material, sulphur vulcanised carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber (XNBR) films and natural rubber (NR) gloves were utilised, having been prepared by a classic coagulation dipping process. By utilising a high-speed servo-hydraulic equipment, the adhesion between two XNBR films was measured as a function of the compression load/force, contact time and separation speed. During the experiment, the required maximum vertical force was recorded with a high-frequency sensor. In addition, the consumed energy to separate two rubber films in-contact was calculated yielding the work of adhesion per unit area (<i>G</i>) of the samples. An increase of the compression time from 30 to 90 s enhances <i>G</i> by 17% while a 670 higher stress at maximum force is obtained by rising the compression force from 10 to 100 N. The results clearly show that the method gives reliable results and paves the way towards a quantitative benchmarking of the surface tack of thin-walled rubber articles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rubber Research","volume":"28 5","pages":"695 - 704"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42464-025-00330-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147352690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural rubber foam meets quinoline derivative: balancing antibacterial performance and foam classification","authors":"Sitisaiyidah Saiwari,&nbsp;Fateehah Baru,&nbsp;Abdulhakim Masa,&nbsp;Nabil Hayeemasae","doi":"10.1007/s42464-025-00327-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42464-025-00327-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Natural rubber foam (NRF) is an interesting material that provides tremendous advantages. However, its cellular structure may lead to an easy growth of micro-organisms. The use of an antimicrobial agent is the first choice, but it may affect the final properties of the foam. This study aimed to prepare the antibacterial natural rubber foam while maintaining the classification of foam properties based on ASTM D1056. The antibacterial agent used in this work was based on the quinoline derivative namely 2-Hydroxypropyl-3-Piperazinyl-Quinoline carboxylic acid Methacrylate (HPQM).This is the first study to report on the balance between antibacterial activity of HPQM-based NRF and the physical properties required by the relevant standard. . The bacteria used in the test were divided into Gram-positive bacteria, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>, TISTR 512), and Gram-negative bacteria, <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>, TISTR 746) tested by measuring the radius of bacteria inhibition (Halo test). The results found that increasing the content of HPQM increased the radius of bacterial inhibition. Upon inclusion of HPQM, there was no effect on the classification of the foam. The Grade number of the prepared foams was maintained as 2A3 grade for all the samples. This is clear that adding an antibacterial agent does not influence the characteristics of the foam. The use of HPQM in NRF can be a piece of resourceful information for preparing the antibacterial NRF yet maintaining the foam classification. In addition to this, the inclusion of HPQM at only 0.2 phr is sufficient to gain a highly antibacterial effect.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rubber Research","volume":"28 4","pages":"663 - 674"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145698667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of statistical models and machine learning algorithms in forecasting rubber yield in Kerala","authors":"K. C. Ayyoob,&nbsp;Debasis Bhattacharya,&nbsp;Kader Ali Sarkar,&nbsp;Digvijay Singh Dhakre","doi":"10.1007/s42464-025-00328-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42464-025-00328-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rubber is the most important economic crop of Kerala, which plays a significant role in the agrarian economy of the state. The present study aimed to develop a forecasting model for the yield of rubber in Kerala, using the productivity data and meteorological data from the past 62 years, from the year 1960–1961 to 2022–2023. The study used both conventional approaches and advanced machine learning techniques for the model development. Different time series models have been developed based on ARIMA, ARIMAX, NNAR, and NNARX methods. Annual rainfall and annual maximum temperature were used as exogenous variables for this study. The models were compared for accuracy and goodness of fit using RMSE and MAPE values. The conventional models, ARIMA and ARIMAX, performed well in model model-building phase, but the prediction accuracy declined in the validation phase. The models NNAR (2,4) and NNAR (2,3) with exogenous variables have performed equally well in terms of accuracy and model fit across both development and testing phases. NNAR (2,4) has been identified as the best model considering its simplicity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rubber Research","volume":"28 4","pages":"675 - 681"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145698493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing SBR/XNBR blend nanocomposites through HNTs reinforcement","authors":"V. Sivaramakrishnan,&nbsp;S. Vishvanathperumal,&nbsp;G. Anand,&nbsp;V. Navaneethakrishnan","doi":"10.1007/s42464-025-00326-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42464-025-00326-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study explores the influence of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) on the performance characteristics of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and carboxylated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (XNBR) composites. HNTs were incorporated into the SBR/XNBR matrix at varying loadings (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 parts per hundred rubber, phr) to assess their effects on curing behavior, mechanical strength, abrasion resistance, and solvent resistance. The incorporation of HNTs markedly accelerated the vulcanization process, as indicated by reduced scorch and optimum cure times, along with increased torque values during rheometric analysis. Among the tested formulations, the composite containing 6 phr HNTs demonstrated the most notable improvements, with tensile strength increasing by 160%, elongation at break by 24%, stress at 100% elongation by 97%, and tear strength by 91%, relative to the unfilled SBR/XNBR blend. In addition to enhanced mechanical performance, the inclusion of HNTs also improved the composites’ hardness, abrasion resistance, and compression set behavior, indicating increased crosslinking density and filler-matrix interaction. These findings suggest that HNTs serve as effective multifunctional nanofillers, capable of simultaneously reinforcing and optimizing the cure characteristics of SBR/XNBR rubber blends, with 6 phr identified as the optimal loading for balanced property enhancement.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rubber Research","volume":"28 4","pages":"643 - 661"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145698553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of the physio/chemical and adhesion properties of SBR: Novolac blend by addition of nano-silica","authors":"Ali Abdul Kadhum Bakly,&nbsp;Salih Abbas Habeeb,&nbsp;Qassim Ahmed Mekheef Al-Jarwany","doi":"10.1007/s42464-025-00317-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42464-025-00317-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The research focuses on the preparation of blending styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) with Novolac and SBR: Novolac: Silica nanocomposites. The performance and properties of the nanocomposites were analysed using SEM, contact angle, FT-IR, DSC, XRD and peel adhesion tests after reinforcement with nano-silica. The results indicate that Novolac resin reduces scorch and optimises curing times. The viscosity, maximum torque and cure rate index were increased as the loading levels of Novolac increased up to 20 phr. Further, it enhances crystallisation, thermal stability and swelling resistance. Significant reduction in scorch and cure times was observed, while viscosity, maximum torque and cure rate index increased with silica loading up to 6 ppm due to improved homogeneity and dispersion. In addition, increasing the contact angle indicates improved crystallinity, while thermal stability exceeded that of the SBR: Novolac blend. The interaction between Si-OH groups on SiO₂ nanoparticles and carboxyl groups in phenolic resin increased crosslinking density by 5% and 47%, while the swelling rate decreased by 3% and 50% for SBR: Novolac and SBR: Novolac: Silica, correspondingly. According to the results, the adhesion strength between nanocomposites and the copper/iron wires increased by 495% and 900%, respectively, with nano silica loading up to 5 phr.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rubber Research","volume":"28 4","pages":"505 - 516"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145698642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of mature rubber tree-undergrowth yam combination on the agronomic, health and physiological parameters of a rubber tree (Hevea Brasiliensis MÜLL ARG, Euphorbiaceae) clone GT1 in Daloa (West-Central Côte d’Ivoire)","authors":"Junias Sey,&nbsp;Eric Francis Soumahin,&nbsp;Dolou Charlotte Tonessia,&nbsp;Koffi Désiré N’Goran,&nbsp;Jean Lopez Essehi,&nbsp;Konan Brice Evrad Dibi","doi":"10.1007/s42464-025-00324-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42464-025-00324-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A recent study has shown that undergrowth yams can be integrated into mature rubber trees. However, the effect of this combination on the agronomic, health and physiological parameters of rubber tree needs to be assessed. To this end, two accessions of undergrowth yams were grown in the inter-rows of mature rubber trees of clone GT1. The experimental set-up was a Fisher block design with two factors, five treatments and three replications. The parameters measured were girth increment (Incr), rubber yield, tapping panel dryness rate (TPDR), leaf water potential, dry rubber content (DRC), sucrose content, inorganic phosphorus (iP) and thiol content (R-SH). The results showed that the treatments in which undergrowth yams were combined with rubber trees exhibited girth increments of 1.39 cm.yr^− 1, yield of 122.02 g per tree and per tapping (g.t.t^− 1), very low tapping panel dryness rates less than 0.30% and midday leaf water potential of 1.48 MPa statistically identical to those of the control rubber trees. Thus, at the end of the experiment, the associated rubber trees presented a balanced physiological profile similar to that of the control rubber trees, with very high dry matter content (DRC = 48.43%), reflecting high biosynthetic activity in the latex, sucrose availability of 7.09 mmol/l l-1, a high Pi content of 23.46 m.mol.l^− 1 and an average R-SH content of 0.66 m.mol.l^− 1. Undergrowth yam can be cultivated in mature rubber trees without adversely affecting their physiological or agronomic performance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rubber Research","volume":"28 4","pages":"607 - 619"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145698643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) on the mechanical performance, compression set, crosslink density, and swelling resistance of ethylene propylene diene monomer/chlorinated isobutylene-isoprene rubber (EPDM/CIIR) blend composites","authors":"G. Prabaharan,&nbsp;S. Baskar,&nbsp;S. Vishvanathperumal","doi":"10.1007/s42464-025-00325-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42464-025-00325-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were used to reinforce ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and chlorinated isobutylene-isoprene rubber (CIIR) blend composites. The effects of HNT loading on cure characteristics, mechanical properties, rebound resilience, swelling resistance, compression set, crosslinking density, and abrasion resistance were systematically evaluated. With increasing HNT content, minimum torque, maximum torque, delta torque, and cure rate index increased, while scorch time and optimum cure time decreased. Tensile strength and stress at 100% elongation increased up to 6 phr of HNTs, showing improvements of 76.7% and 49%, respectively, compared to the unfilled blend. Tear strength increased continuously with increasing HNT loading, reaching a 54.4% improvement at the highest concentration. However, elongation at break and rebound resilience declined by 10% and 31%, respectively, as HNT content increased. Crosslinking density increased up to 6 phr and then declined, showing a similar trend to the swelling resistance. Compression set values rose with increasing HNT loading. These results indicate that 6 phr of HNT provides optimal performance in balancing reinforcement and elasticity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rubber Research","volume":"28 4","pages":"621 - 642"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145698599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical properties of thermoplastic elastomer blends with reduced warpage and recyclability potential for fused deposition modelling 3D printing","authors":"Dayang Habibah Abang Ismawi Hassim,&nbsp;Nik Intan Nik Ismail,&nbsp;Siti Salina Sarkawi,&nbsp;Hani Afiffa Mohd Hanif,&nbsp;Nurul Hayati Yusof,&nbsp;Muhammad Afiq Misri,&nbsp;Kok Chong Yong","doi":"10.1007/s42464-025-00323-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42464-025-00323-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) presents some challenges when printing with polypropylene (PP)-based materials because they shrink and warp, making it difficult for the materials to adhere to 3D printer build plate/platform. A combination of appropriate thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs), additives, and an optimised material formulation results in significantly improved warpage behaviour of PP-based 3D-printed parts. Two series of experiments were conducted in which PP/maleic anhydride-grafted ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA-M) with and without the addition of an external compatibiliser was tested. An evaluation of the mechanical and thermal behaviour and 3D printability of TPE based on PP/EVA blend compounds at various ratios was performed. Both compatibilised and non-compatibilised PP/EVA-M compounds were successfully prepared and demonstrated to be viable for 3D printing using the FDM method, except for a 30/70 blend ratio for PP/EVA-M and a 30/60/10 blend ratio for the PP/EVA-M/compatibiliser compound. Analysis of the thermal behaviour of selected PP/EVA-M compared to that of virgin PP was conducted to study the relationship between warping and the crystallinity of the blends. The differential scanning calorimeter results revealed that lower crystallisation in TPE blends than in PP compounds reduced warping issues. Furthermore, the 3D printer processing parameters were adjusted to improve adhesion to the 3D printer platform. In terms of enhancing the mechanical properties, the addition of an external compatibiliser improved the mechanical properties of TPE at a specific blend ratio. This paper also demonstrated the feasibility of reusing waste thermoplastic elastomer materials through multiple reprocessing cycles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rubber Research","volume":"28 4","pages":"593 - 605"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145698486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ammonia-free latex preservative systems: past, present and future outlook","authors":"Siang Yin Lee,&nbsp;Yuin Yin Soh,&nbsp;Zhe Hooi Ooi,&nbsp;E-Lyn Chan,&nbsp;Wei Kang Too,&nbsp;Ai Lin Tam","doi":"10.1007/s42464-025-00321-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42464-025-00321-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Malaysia is one of the world’s largest producers of natural rubber latex (NRL), making an important contribution to its gross domestic product (GDP). However, NRL is highly susceptible to microbial contamination. This leads to spontaneous coagulation once it leaves the rubber tree, reducing yield and necessitating the use of latex preservation systems. Ammonia is widely used as commercial preservatives for latex stabilisation. However, the incorporation of ammonia into latex has long been shown to negatively impact both the environment and the well-being of latex industry workers and consumers of latex products. The multiple disadvantages of ammonia in latex formulations, such as undesirable odour, toxicity, volatility, health and environmental issues, have therefore highlighted the need for the development of new and innovative latex preservative systems that are free of ammonia. This paper begins with a comprehensive overview of NRL production, preservation and its history. It then covers the production of ammonia, its main applications in latex, and the drawbacks associated with its synthesis and use in latex stabilisation. Additionally, the review explores alternative non-ammonia latex stabilisers in detail, highlighting their advantages compared to ammonia, the pros and cons of these stabilisers, and the sustainability of ammonia-free latex preservative systems for future industrial applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rubber Research","volume":"28 4","pages":"561 - 580"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145698416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}