Journal of Polymer Research最新文献

{"title":"Influence of accelerated hydrothermal aging on physical and mechanical properties of an amine-cured epoxy resin","authors":"Simon Backens,&nbsp;Stefan Schmidt,&nbsp;Wilko Flügge","doi":"10.1007/s10965-026-04923-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10965-026-04923-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Amine-cured epoxy resins (EP) are highly hydrophilic, particularly due to alcohol groups in the polymer network. The water absorption in humid environments leads to a reduction in the glass transition temperature (T_g) and to a deterioration in the mechanical properties. These effects have been extensively studied in the past by exposure experiments carried out at temperatures of no more than 100 °C, usually below the T_g of the polymer. In this work, however, an amine-cured EP is subjected to water at 100, 150, 200 and 250 °C, all above the polymer’s T_g. Thus, it is possible to achieve water absorptions of more than 10% in less than three hours. This is due to the reduced density and viscosity of the liquid phase at these temperatures, and the rubbery state of the EP. Test times can therefore be minimized compared to conventional exposure experiments in this regard. The results of dynamic mechanical analyses and tensile tests confirm the expected depression in T_g (up to nearly 50 %) and decrease in tensile strength and modulus with increasing aging temperature and water absorption, respectively. This change in properties is accompanied by a light to strong yellowing of the polymer. The formation of carbonyl groups responsible for this discoloration is confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. For further application of this accelerated hydrothermal aging, however, these findings still need to be validated by comparison with conventional exposure experiments.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Research","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10965-026-04923-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and performance evaluation of composite material prepared from recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and perlite","authors":"Ikram Khabach,&nbsp;Mounir Kriraa,&nbsp;Jamal Arbaoui,&nbsp;Mounir El Achaby,&nbsp;Mohamed Ouakarrouch,&nbsp;Abdelkrim Bennani,&nbsp;Ali Limam,&nbsp;Taha El Assimi","doi":"10.1007/s10965-026-04925-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10965-026-04925-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study explores the reuse of post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles through the development of recycled PET (RPET)/perlite composites exhibiting enhanced mechanical stiffness and thermal insulation properties. Untreated and alkaline-treated perlite were incorporated into the RPET matrix at filler loadings of 0–20 wt% using solid-state blending followed by hot compression molding. Structural, morphological, thermal, and mechanical properties were evaluated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal conductivity measurements, dynamic modulus obtained through vibration analysis, and bending rigidity and strength through a three-point bending test. The incorporation of perlite reduced the thermal conductivity of RPET from 0.159 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹ to 0.10 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹ at 20 wt% filler loading. Mechanical testing showed a progressive increase in flexural modulus with filler content, reaching approximately 4.5 GPa for the composite containing 20 wt% alkaline-treated perlite, exceeding both neat RPET and composites prepared with untreated perlite. XRD analysis indicated a decrease in RPET crystallinity with increasing filler content, while TGA revealed a slight increase in thermal stability (Tonset) in filled systems. The results demonstrate that surface-modified perlite can improve the stiffness and insulation performance of RPET composites, highlighting their potential for lightweight structural and insulating applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Research","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reaction kinetics and process optimization of palm stearin epoxidation via in-situ peracetic acid system","authors":"Aishah Derahman,&nbsp;Danish Riefqi Ahmad Taufik,&nbsp;Intan Suhada Azmi,&nbsp;Mohd Jumain Jalil","doi":"10.1007/s10965-026-04916-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10965-026-04916-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigated the epoxidation of palm stearin using an in situ peracid system catalysed by TiO₂ to produce bio-based epoxide intermediates. The effects of catalyst loading (0.3–0.5 g) and temperature (55–75 °C) were evaluated using a one-factor-at-a-time approach. The optimum conditions were observed at 65 °C and 0.4 g of catalyst, yielding a maximum relative conversion to oxirane (RCO) of 45%. A kinetic model incorporating peracid formation, epoxidation, and oxirane ring-opening was developed and solved numerically. Parameter estimation was performed using GA–PSO and GA–SA methods. The GA–PSO model showed improved agreement with the experimental data, although discrepancies remained in the peak regions. These findings highlight the trade-off between oxirane formation and degradation, indicating the need for improved experimental design and model validation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Research","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-color fluorescent hydrogels via one-pot method: mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, and fluorescent properties","authors":"Yimin Zhu,&nbsp;Hanxiao Liu,&nbsp;Ruijie Wang,&nbsp;Ke Ma,&nbsp;Yan Dong,&nbsp;Cuiping Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10965-026-04924-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10965-026-04924-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hydrogel is a kind of three-dimensional network gel with water as its core dispersion medium. It is constructed by complex interactions of covalent bonds and non-covalent bonds. Traditional hydrogels usually exhibit soft and fragile mechanical properties, and are difficult to meet the requirements in a variety of practical application scenarios. In this work, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and methacrylamide monomer were synthesized through the “one-pot method”, which simplifies the tedious steps of preparation. Then, the hydrogels’ mechanical modification was carried out by adding different ratios of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The tensile strength and load-bearing properties of the prepared hydrogels were significantly enhanced as PVA content increased. Meanwhile, the introduction of crosslinking agent N, N’-methylenebisacrylamide (BIS) resulted in a more compact molecular cross-linking network within the hydrogels. The highest tensile strength of the hydrogels was 0.65 MPa, and the maximum bearing capacity was 8.75 kg. In addition, fluorescent components were observed no effect on the hydrogels’ performances, such as mechanical properties and electrical conductivity. The realization of this multi-color hydrogel has contributed to its application in fields such as biomedical, anti-counterfeiting, flexible devices, and other fields.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Research","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of copolymer of salicylic acid allyl ether with maleic anhydride and study of antimicrobial properties","authors":"L. Sh. Abbasova,&nbsp;B. Mamadov,&nbsp;F. Shikhaliyev,&nbsp;S. Muradova,&nbsp;F. Ahmadova,&nbsp;E. Iskenderova","doi":"10.1007/s10965-026-04909-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10965-026-04909-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The article is devoted to the discussion of the synthesis regularities of the radical copolymerization reaction of salicylic acid allyl ester and maleic anhydride in the bulk, the results obtained from the study of the composition, structure and biological activity of the obtained copolymers. It has been found that the salicylic acid allyl ester and maleic anhydride form an intermediate complex by charge transfer, which readily undergoes polymerization reactions and forms copolymer macromolecules with an alternating structure. The relative activities of these monomers in the copolymerization reaction were determined by the Feynman-Ross method (r₁ = 0.02 and r₂ = 0.03). The fact that the copolymerization constants and their product are close to zero indicates that both monomers tend to form copolymers and practically do not enter into the homopolymerization reaction, that is, the reaction products are macromolecular compounds with a regular structure composed of allyl salicylate and maleic anhydride structural units. It was shown that the synthesized copolymer samples have high biological activity indicators and can be used individually as antibacterial materials or as additives to industrial polymers to obtain antibacterial composite materials. The copolymer obtained by gel chromatography was found to have an average molecular weight of <span>(overline {{{M_w}}} =25800)</span>, <span>(overline {{{M_n}}} =16500)</span></p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Research","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress on imine bonds and disulfide bonds in degradation and performance regulation of epoxy resins","authors":"Zhongbing Duan,&nbsp;Jinxin Huang,&nbsp;Li Zhang,&nbsp;Guan Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10965-026-04837-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10965-026-04837-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Epoxy insulating materials are widely used in electrical equipment, yet their sustainable development is hindered by challenges such as difficulty in recycling after decommissioning and the inability to repair micro-damage during operation. The integration of dynamic covalent bonds into epoxy networks offers an innovative way to overcome these limitations. Unlike previous reviews that focus primarily on synthetic chemistry, this work centers on the application requirements of power insulation and systematically reviews molecular engineering strategies for degradable epoxy materials based on imine and disulfide bonds. It highlights how these two types of dynamic bonds enable distinct pathways-hydrolysis and exchange mechanisms-to impart controllable degradation, self-healing, and reprocessing capabilities. The review further examines the influence of dynamic networks on key insulation properties, including dielectric behavior, breakdown strength ,20%-30% higher than that of conventional epoxy, electrical tree inhibition, and mechanical toughness. Typical performance indicators, such as a tunable glass transition temperature ranging from 80 to 120 °C and a healing efficiency exceeding 95%, are also discussed. Finally, the potential of these materials to support the green transformation and intelligent maintenance of power equipment is explored, along with critical challenges and future directions under the complex operating conditions of next-generation power grids.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Research","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of high temperature resistant-low dielectric polybenzoxazine composites using sustainable bio-calcium silicate","authors":"Harinei Srinivasan,&nbsp;Hariharan Arumugam,&nbsp;Alagar Muthukaruppan","doi":"10.1007/s10965-026-04921-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10965-026-04921-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, a trisphenol (TR) was synthesized using hydroxybenzaldehyde and phenol under appropriate experimental conditions. Tri-functional benzoxazines were synthesised utilizing trisphenol (TR) with four different amines, 2-allylamine (<b>aa</b>), furan-2-ylmethanamine (<b>ffa</b>), cyclohexanamine (<b>cha</b>) and adamantan-1-amine (<b>ada</b>) in the presence of paraformaldehyde through Mannich condensation. The TR based furan-2-ylmethanamine polybenzoxazine was chosen for the preparation of composites using bio-calcium silicate (CS) obtained from bio wastes such as egg-shell powder (bio-calcium) and rice husk ash (bio-silica). It was observed that the lowest value of dielectric constant was obtained for 15wt% bio-calcium silicate reinforced poly(TR-ffa) with a value of 1.83 at frequency of 1 MHz. In addition, the bio-calcium silicate reinforced TR based polybenzoxazine composites also possess an excellent thermal stability with the value of char yield of 69% and maximum degradation temperature of 542 °C. The prepared composites show better superhydrophobic behaviour than that of neat polybenzoxazine matrix having a value of water contact angle of 154^o. From the results, it is suggested that the TR based trifunctional polybenzoxazines and their composites can be effectively utilized as low dielectric material having high thermal stability for applications involving high temperature environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Research","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymer-lipid nanocomposite for enhanced controlled release of curcumin and diclofenac sodium","authors":"Fatemeh Khoshtarash,&nbsp;Mohammad Nader Lotfollahi","doi":"10.1007/s10965-026-04911-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10965-026-04911-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The release rate of curcumin (CU) was controlled by developing a new and suitable formulation using an anti-solvent co-precipitation method. Layer-by-layer nanoparticles of xanthan (XA) and cholesterol (CHO) were successfully fabricated as a composite drug co-delivery system of curcumin (CU) and sodium diclofenac (DI) with a lipophilic core of CHO and an outer hydrophilic biopolymer coating of XA. The Box-Behnken experimental design was used for drug formulation and optimization to achieve maximum loading capacity (LC) and encapsulation efficiency (EE). According to the zeta potential results, the surface charge of nanoparticles was close to that of xanthan (-18.8 mV), which can approve that the nanoparticles were properly coated with xanthan, while cholesterol precursor formed the core cavity of composite drug. The results showed that EE and LC were 68.07% and 11.48% for CU and 97.60% and 14.32% for DI, respectively. The thermal stability measurements showed that the retention rate of CU and DI in CU-DI/CHO-XA nanoparticles increased, after exposure to 75, 85, and 95 °C for 30 min. The results of the prolonged stability after two months demonstrated that the retention rate was increased by increasing the amount of xanthan gum. The results demonstrated that the maximum CU release from fabricated LBL nanoparticle after 60 min in simulated gastric fluid was 19.26%, whereas its maximum release in simulated intestinal fluid after 120 min was 82.28%. Therefore the desired CU release in simulated intestinal fluid can be effectively controlled by adjusting the composition of LBL nanoparticles.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Research","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of oxidized Starch/PVA/ZnO Nanobiocomposite hydrogel as drug delivery agent: SERS-Driven vancomycin In-vitro release kinetics and biological potential evaluation","authors":"Awaji Y. Safhi,&nbsp;Amar Yasser Jassim,&nbsp;Khalaf F. Alsharif,&nbsp;Fuad M. Alzahrani,&nbsp;Khalid J. Alzahrani,&nbsp;Arslan Bashir,&nbsp;Anfal Fatima,&nbsp;Nasir Mehmood","doi":"10.1007/s10965-026-04920-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10965-026-04920-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The crosslinked biopolymers along with metal oxide nanoparticles are biodegradable source of controlled drug release. In this research work, the natural and synthetic biopolymers, oxidized starch (OS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were crosslinked by using borate ions to prepare hydrogel 3D matrix. The zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were integrated by immersion method by using different concentrations (0, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% (w/v)) of zinc chloride solution for 24 h and the zinc ions loaded hydrogel was immersed in 5% (w/v) solution of sodium hydroxide for 24 h to integrate ZnO-NPs in OS/PVA hydrogel matrix. The corn starch was oxidized by using the hydrogen peroxide and copper sulphate to get oxidized starch. The silver nanoparticles were used as an active SERS substrate. The vancomycin was loaded by in-situ method on OS/PVA/ZnO hydrogel to analyze its controlled release at 7.4 pH in phosphate buffer solution at 37 °C. Its swelling behavior in different solutions, antibacterial activities, cytotoxicity against human colon cancer cells (SW480) and hemolytic analysis were evaluated. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), UV-Vis spectrophotometer and X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterizations techniques were used for the surface morphology, structural investigation, and identification of nanoparticles in the polymer matrix. Drug release concentrations were analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometer and Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) coupled with Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) with 0.752 ppm LOD and 3.24 ppm LOQ for highest ZnO concentration (C4) hydrogel. The drug release kinetics were determined using four kinetic models that included Zero-order, First-order, Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas. The prepared nanobiocomposite hydrogels showed remarkable enhanced biological potential and controlled drug release behavior as an active antibacterial drug delivery agent.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Research","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and characterization of smart hydrogel scaffolds of Ocimum basilicum seed mucilage for controlled delivery of acyclovir","authors":"Nazia Koser,&nbsp;Muhammad Umer Ashraf,&nbsp;Muhammad Sarfraz,&nbsp;Asif Mahmood,&nbsp;Hira Ijaz,&nbsp;Rai Muhammad Sarfraz,&nbsp;Javed Iqbal,&nbsp;Areej Alsubaie,&nbsp;Ehab I. Taha,&nbsp;Mounir M. Bekhit","doi":"10.1007/s10965-026-04835-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10965-026-04835-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The research aims to develop a pH-sensitive hydrogel using <i>Ocimum Basilicum</i> seed mucilage and mucin for colon targeting. Free radical polymerization (FRP) was tailored to create hydrogels using methacrylic acid (MAA) as a monomer and <i>Ocimum Basilicum</i> mucilage and mucin as polymers. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of cross-linking in the developed co-polymeric hydrogel. DSC findings revealed the thermal profile of the hydrogel. The formulated hydrogel appeared porous in SEM photomicrographs. Volume transition and dissolution studies were carried out at multiple pH levels to assess and validate the pH-responsive properties of the hydrogel. At pH 7.4, substantial expansion and discharge were found in contrast to pH 1.2. Gastric pH limits acyclovir release into the stomach due to decreased swelling, whereas it significantly increases swelling and releases acyclovir into the colon. Acute oral toxicity investigations were performed to measure the safety and biocompatibility of hydrogels, and the results affirm the biocompatibility of fabricated hydrogels. These findings demonstrated that the developed hydrogel network is capable of delivering acyclovir to the colonic segment of the gastrointestinal tract for an extended time.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Research","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}