Journal of Polymer Research最新文献

{"title":"Carica Papaya, Azadirachta Indica, and Cassia Fistula leaves extract incorporated chitosan films for eco-conscious packaging materials","authors":"Apurba Taye,&nbsp;Bijoy Krishna Deka,&nbsp;Himashree Kalita,&nbsp;Tashi Lamu Khrimey,&nbsp;Jayanta Barman,&nbsp;Dhrubajyoti Haloi","doi":"10.1007/s10965-026-04913-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10965-026-04913-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Antimicrobial property is considered as a crucial parameter for material intended to be used in food packaging. Recent research has demonstrated that the leaves of papaya (<i>Carica Papaya</i>), Neem (<i>Azadirachta indica</i>), and Sonaru (<i>Cassia fistula</i>) contain bioactive components that exhibit outstanding antimicrobial activity. A biopolymer such as chitosan treated with such bioactive ingredients may lead to an excellent sustainable packaging material with enhanced antimicrobial properties. This investigation reports the development of antimicrobial films of chitosan by treating them with leaf extracts of papaya, neem, and sonaru (PLE, NLE, and SLE). Incorporation of leaf extract into chitosan results in a significant increase in barrier properties like moisture content, swelling, and water vapour permeability (WVP) as compared to pristine chitosan film. Mechanical analysis reveals that the incorporation of NLE and SLE significantly increase tensile strength up to 81 MPa, while PLE significantly increases elongation of break percentage up to 24%. Cs films integrated with leaf extract demonstrates a substantially improvement of thermal stability. Furthermore, all the films show effectiveness against both the pathogens <i>E. Coli</i> and <i>B. Subtilis</i>. Notably, NLE-incorporated film exhibits highest antimicrobial activity. These findings highlight the potential of an eco-friendly approach to sustainable packaging material.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Research","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147830064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic enhancement of mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties in Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-3-Hydroxyvalerate)/Epoxidized natural rubber/Graphene nanoplatelet (PHBV/ENR/GNP) nanocomposites for sustainable antistatic applications","authors":"Kean Chong Lim,&nbsp;Syarifah Nuraqmar Syed Mahamud,&nbsp;Mohd Hanif Mohd Pisal,&nbsp;Nur Amni Qhairunnajwa Ariffin","doi":"10.1007/s10965-026-04929-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10965-026-04929-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate) (PHBV) suffers from inherent brittleness and limited processability, restricting its potential despite excellent biodegradability. In this study, PHBV was blended with natural rubber (NR) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR), and further reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets (GNP), to develop multifunctional biodegradable nanocomposites with improved mechanical, thermal, and electrical performance. SEM analysis revealed that PHBV/NR exhibited severe phase separation and porous morphology due to polarity mismatch, resulting in a 45% reduction in tensile strength compared to neat PHBV. In contrast, PHBV/ENR blends displayed uniformly dispersed spherical domains arising from epoxy–carbonyl interactions, leading to a 30–37% increase in elongation at break while maintaining reasonable strength retention. Based on this improved compatibility, the PHBV/ENR (85/15) blend was selected as the matrix for GNP incorporation. The addition of GNP further enhanced tensile strength by up to 12% and modulus by 31%, depending on filler loading. FTIR and XRD confirmed molecular interactions and GNP-induced structural ordering, while DSC demonstrated reduced crystallinity with increasing GNP loading due to restricted chain mobility. TGA indicated improved thermal stability of the nanocomposites after GNP incorporation. SEM observations of the nanocomposites further confirmed relatively good GNP dispersion at moderate loading and the formation of stacked structures at higher filler content. Notably, GNP progressively increased electrical conductivity into the antistatic range (10^− 9–10^− 6 S/cm) through the formation of interconnected conductive pathways within the polymer matrix. These results demonstrate a synergistic reinforcement effect, highlighting the potential of PHBV/ENR/GNP nanocomposites as sustainable materials for antistatic packaging, flexible electronics, and conductive applications utilizing a biodegradable matrix.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Research","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10965-026-04929-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147829251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of filler structure and surface characteristics of carbon black in liquid-phase dispersion in SBR latex","authors":"Mrinmoy Debnath,&nbsp;Praveen Balaji,&nbsp;Susanta Banerjee,&nbsp;Soumyadip Choudhury","doi":"10.1007/s10965-026-04888-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10965-026-04888-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the influence of carbon black (CB) structure and surface area on dispersion behavior, polymer–filler interaction, and the resulting performance of styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) composites prepared via latex-phase mixing. Carbon black–rubber composites were synthesized through cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant-assisted aqueous slurry preparation followed by mixing with SBR latex, coagulation, and drying. The properties of wet-mixed composites were systematically compared with conventionally dry-mixed counterparts to evaluate the influence of mixing methodology on reinforcement behavior. Payne effect analysis revealed significantly improved dispersion in wet-mixed systems, exhibiting approximately reduction in ΔG′ by 13% in WA26 and WA39 and by 26% WA30, indicating suppression of filler–filler networking. Enhanced polymer–filler interaction was further confirmed through solvent swelling and stress–strain measurements, while Kraus parameter analysis elucidated the nature of CB–elastomer interactions. The improved interfacial interaction resulted in an increase in bound rubber content by ⁓14.7% and crosslink density by ~ 9% in WA39 latex-stage composites compared with dry-mixed compounds. Mechanical characterization demonstrated enhanced reinforcement in wet-mixed systems, where the N330-based composite exhibited 14.5% higher M300 modulus and 4.7% higher tensile strength, while the N339 system showed 11.5% improvement in M300 modulus and 6.9% higher tensile strength relative to dry mixing. Improved carbon black–elastomer reinforcement was further reflected by 4.7% lower abrasion loss in WA39, indicating improved wear resistance. Dynamic mechanical analysis revealed improved viscoelastic performance, with 9.5–16.2% reduction in tan δ at 70 °C, suggesting reduced hysteresis and improved rolling-resistance characteristics. Microscopic analyses confirmed finer filler dispersion and improved polymer–filler contact in wet-mixed vulcanizates. Overall, the results demonstrate that surfactant-assisted latex-phase mixing significantly enhances filler dispersion and polymer–filler interaction in CB-filled SBR composites, leading to improved mechanical reinforcement, durability, and dynamic performance.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Research","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147829593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micro and macro analysis of physicochemical properties of polyamide PA9T, PA10T and PA12T","authors":"Chihan Meng,&nbsp;Hongjiao Li,&nbsp;Xiao Feng,&nbsp;Yuanbo Zhao,&nbsp;Jiachun Zhong,&nbsp;Zejun Pu,&nbsp;Yuxiu Luo,&nbsp;Gaoping Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10965-026-04933-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10965-026-04933-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, long carbon chain bio-based semi-aromatic polyamide PA9T, PA10T and PA12T were synthesized by using bio-based monomers nonenediamine, decamethylene diamine and dodecane diamine as raw materials. Materials studio software, universal testing machine, impact testing machine and other software and instruments were used, the physical and chemical properties of PA9T, PA10T and PA12T were studied in detail from both micro and macro perspectives. The results show that in the single-molecule model, PA12T exhibits the largest Poisson’s ratio, but the smallest bulk modulus, shear modulus, and Young’s modulus; PA9T shows the opposite trend, while PA10T is intermediate between the two, indicating that the less methylene in the single molecule model, the better the mechanical properties. From the macroscopic point of view, with the increase of methylene content, the tensile strength and bending strength decreased, while the elongation at break and the impact strength increased. The density also showed a gradual decreasing trend, and the oil absorption rate and water absorption rate gradually decreased. At the same time, with the increase of carbon chain, the solvent resistance is gradually enhanced, and the performance retention rate is gradually increased.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Research","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147829106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UV-induced structural changes and mechanical reinforcement in benzoyl-modified chitosans: a comparative physicochemical study","authors":"Ali Bahadori,&nbsp;Mohammad Taghi Taghizadeh","doi":"10.1007/s10965-026-04932-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10965-026-04932-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chitosan and functionalized chitosans with 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoyl groups (CS-DHBA) and 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoyl groups (CS-THBA) were exposed to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The physicochemical and mechanical properties of chitosan (CS), CS-DHBA, and CS-THBA, including chemical structures, molecular weights, polydispersity index, intrinsic viscosity, and mechanical properties before and after UV-irradiation, were investigated and compared. The results showed that the molecular weight of chitosan decreased from 782,401 to 522,012 g/mol with increasing UV irradiation time. In contrast to chitosan, the molecular weight of CS-DHBA and CS-THBA increased to 826,187 g/mol and 845,310 g/mol, respectively, with increasing UV irradiation time. In addition, the polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) of chitosan decreased from 7.41 to 5.62 after 12 h of UV irradiation, but the polydispersity index of CS-THBA increased from 9.84 to 9.94. The surface morphology and structural analysis of UV-irradiated chitosan, CS-DHBA, and CS-THBA by SEM, FT-IR, and XRD confirmed that the chemical structure of irradiated chitosan was not significantly changed. In contrast, the chemical structures of irradiated CS-DHBA and CS-THBA were altered. The tensile strength (TS) of chitosan films decreased after 12 h of radiation, but UV-irradiated CS-DHBA and CS-THBA showed a significant adhesive capacity and enhanced TS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Research","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147829111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal–polymer multilayer structures (PMMA/Al–Ag, Sn–Cu) for resistive memory applications","authors":"M. Souakir,&nbsp;H. Benamrani,&nbsp;M. Fatmi,&nbsp;M. A. Ghebouli,&nbsp;Faisal K. Alanazi,&nbsp;Mustafa Jaipallah Abdelmageed Abualreish,&nbsp;Aseel Smerat,&nbsp;Murat Yaylacı","doi":"10.1007/s10965-026-04930-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10965-026-04930-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study provides a comprehensive investigation of the structural, optical, and electrical properties of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)–based multilayer resistive structures incorporating metallic electrodes and ion-generating layers for emerging memory device applications. The fabricated PMMA/(Al/Ag, Sn/Cu) stacks represent a carefully engineered architecture in which PMMA serves as an insulating or electrolytic matrix, while the combined metallic layers aluminum with silver and tin with copper—function simultaneously as electrodes and active ion sources that enable current transport and resistive switching. The introduction of highly reflective metallic layers strongly influences the optical response of the composites, producing a marked reduction in transmittance, particularly in the PMMA/Al/Ag system. This reduction is associated with the optical behavior of silver, whose pronounced surface plasmon resonance significantly alters light–matter interactions. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirms the structural integrity of PMMA while revealing metal-induced modifications. UV–Vis analysis showed that the metallic multilayers strongly affect the optical response of the composites, leading to reduced transmittance, particularly in the PMMA/Al/Ag system. FTIR confirmed the structural integrity of PMMA and revealed characteristic absorption bands associated with metal–polymer interactions. In the PMMA/Sn/Cu composite, strong bands at 1730 cm⁻¹ and 1149 cm⁻¹ were assigned to C = O and C–O vibrations, respectively. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) demonstrates that metallic nanoparticles significantly affect surface morphology, with Ag particles forming nanoscale clusters and Sn/Cu forming larger micron-sized structures. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) confirms uniform Ag nanoparticle coverage with an average diameter near 30 nm. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) reveals the predominantly amorphous structure of PMMA/Al and the partially crystalline nature of PMMA/Sn/Cu, reflecting the presence of metallic crystalline phases. Collectively, these multilayer composites exhibit favorable structural stability, tunable optical behavior, and conductive networks suitable for resistive random-access memory (RRAM). In a broader materials context, the understanding of such metal–polymer systems share conceptual parallels with processes used in ore characterization, mineral processing, and beneficiation, where structural control and material optimization are essential. Their combined polymer flexibility and metallic conductivity highlight their strong potential for next-generation non-volatile memory technologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Research","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10965-026-04930-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silver decorated carbon dot/polysulfone membranes for superior antibacterial and nanofiltration performance","authors":"Vrushali Patil,&nbsp;Shivaji Jadhav,&nbsp;Roshni V.,&nbsp;Yogesh Chendake,&nbsp;Nikita Vyawahare,&nbsp;Asmita Satao,&nbsp;Divya Ottoor,&nbsp;Madhumita Tawre,&nbsp;Karishma Pardesi","doi":"10.1007/s10965-026-04927-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10965-026-04927-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Advancement of various techniques for the alleviation of pollution is the necessity of human well being and protection of aquatic ecosystem. Main culprit of industrial pollution is the excess use of hazardous dyes. Membrane separation techniques for the removal of pollutants can effectively address this challenge. Membrane fouling is another important problem faced during nanofiltration. In this work, we proposed the fabrication of novel mixed matrix of silver nanoparticle infused carbon dot blended polysulfone (AgNP-CDs-PSF) membrane. The membranes were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infra red Spectroscopy (FTIR Spectroscopy), X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Visible spectroscopy. Water contact angle and porosity were also studied and the system was showing improved antibacterial property and dye rejection abilities. CDs prepared from natural and easily available sunflower seeds with rich hydrophilic groups can enhance the porosity and hydrophilicity of PSF membrane. The average pore size was reduced from 6 - 18 nm to 4 –12 nm by the incorporation of CDs to PSF membrane. 1 wt % of CDs-PSF showed an increased porosity of 62 % and for the same composition contact angle was 13° which implies rich hydrophilicity. These CDs were used for the AgNP formation and this mixed matrix of AgNP-CDs-PSF showed good antibacterial activity against various bacterial strains and also showed 81 % methylene Blue (MB) dye rejection. Over all, these findings proved superior antibacterial and nanofiltration capabilities of AgNP-CDs-PSF system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Research","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical performance enhancement of EPDM/SBR-based composites reinforced with MWCNTs, 1-Hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide-modified MWCNTs, and Ethyl-4-aminocinnamate-modified MWCNTs","authors":"V. Sivaramakrishnan,&nbsp;S. Vishvanathperumal,&nbsp;J. Vasantheroy,&nbsp;K. N. Ramu","doi":"10.1007/s10965-026-04931-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10965-026-04931-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide–functionalized MWCNTs (HMIM-Br@MWCNTs), and ethyl-4-aminocinnamate–functionalized MWCNTs (EAC@MWCNTs) were incorporated into ethylene–propylene–diene rubber/styrene–butadiene rubber (EPDM/SBR) blends to evaluate their influence on curing behavior, mechanical performance, and physical properties. The composites were prepared using a conventional two-roll mill followed by compression molding. The effects of pristine and surface-modified nanotubes on cure characteristics, tensile strength, modulus, tear strength, hardness, abrasion resistance, compression set, and swelling resistance were systematically investigated. The incorporation of MWCNT-based fillers significantly enhanced filler–matrix interactions and promoted efficient stress transfer within the elastomer network. Tensile strength increased progressively with filler loading and reached an optimum at 5 phr. At this concentration, the tensile strength improved by approximately 99% for MWCNT-filled composites, 236% for HMIM-Br@MWCNT-reinforced systems, and 249% for EAC@MWCNT composites compared with the unfilled blend. The superior performance of the functionalized nanotubes was attributed to improved dispersion and stronger interfacial adhesion with the rubber matrix. However, elongation at break and rebound resilience decreased due to increased stiffness and restricted polymer chain mobility. Overall, the results demonstrate that surface-functionalized MWCNTs effectively reinforce EPDM/SBR-based elastomer systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Research","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonlinear and correlated ionic transport in disordered solid biopolymer ionogels","authors":"Simantini Majumdar","doi":"10.1007/s10965-026-04922-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10965-026-04922-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding how spatial heterogeneity governs ionic transport is essential for advancing solid polymer electrolytes. In this work, impedance spectroscopy, photoluminescence and field-resolved electrostatic simulations are employed to investigate chitosan-lithium perchlorate solid biopolymer ionogel electrolytes (SPIEs) embedded with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid across a wide composition range (<span>(:varphi:)</span> = 0-0.60). The ionic conductivity exhibits a nonlinear, non-monotonic dependence on <span>(:varphi:)</span>, attaining a pronounced maximum near <span>(:varphi:)</span> ≈ 0.45 where enhanced photoluminescence and elevated thermal stability reveal the formation of interconnected ionic liquid-rich domains. A hybrid transport framework combining thermally activated hopping, percolation-assisted conduction and cluster-induced suppression quantitatively reproduces this trend, establishing network connectivity as the dominant factor governing correlated charge transport. Field-resolved simulations of electric field and current density distributions reveal the emergence of spatially continuous, electrostatically coherent conduction pathways near the percolation threshold, followed by their fragmentation into spatially heterogeneous ion-rich clusters associated with reduced transport efficiency at higher ionic liquid loadings. This work establishes a unified framework that connects spatial connectivity and electrostatic coherence to macroscopic ionic transport, providing a basis for the rational design of efficient biopolymer-based solid ionogel electrolytes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Research","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of warm-water working condition on epoxy composites containing surface-modified pineapple fiber, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) core, and nutmeg husk biochar","authors":"E. S. Elumalai,&nbsp;R. Asokan","doi":"10.1007/s10965-026-04926-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10965-026-04926-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The hydrothermal durability of hybrid epoxy composites reinforced simultaneously with surface-modified pineapple fiber, a PET core, and nutmeg husk biochar remains largely unexplored, particularly under prolonged warm water exposure. To address this gap, five composite formulations were fabricated. The unaged composite was designated as E24, while the remaining samples (EW0-EW3) were subjected to different aging conditions. Subsequently, the composites were evaluated for their mechanical properties, creep behavior, and water absorption characteristics, thermogravimetric, and morphological properties. Among all formulations, E24 exhibited the highest performance retention, with tensile strength of 131 MPa, flexural strength of 145 MPa, impact strength of 4.27 J, and hardness of 81 Shore D. It also showed the lowest creep strain (0.0059–0.0084 at 5000 to15000 s) and minimal water uptake (1.26%), indicating superior dimensional stability and interfacial integrity. In contrast, EW3 showed the greatest degradation, with the highest water absorption (1.72%) and lowest mechanical retention. Thermogravimetric analysis confirmed the highest thermal stability for unaged E24, with Tonset of 305 °C and Tmax of 367 °C, while aged composites exhibited reduced degradation temperatures. SEM observations corroborated interfacial degradation trends. Overall, silane treatment effectively mitigated hydrothermal aging effects, establishing E24 as a durable, moisture-resistant composite suitable for automotive interior parts, marine panels, and building components exposed to humid or warm-water environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Research","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}