Journal of Polymer Research最新文献

{"title":"Synthesis of hydrogel adsorbent from PET waste bottles for efficient removal of anionic Azo dye congo red and heavy metal ions from aqueous solution","authors":"Gulshan Akbarova,&nbsp;Ilkana Mehdiyeva,&nbsp;Gulshan Mammadli,&nbsp;Garanfil Ahmadova,&nbsp;Rima Guliyeva","doi":"10.1007/s10965-025-04549-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10965-025-04549-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the synthesis and characterization of hydrogel obtained from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste as an adsorbent in the treatment of water from dyes and heavy metals. Aminoylsis method for depolymerization of PET waste was used. Hydrogels were synthesized at four different concentrations of crosslinking agent, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EDGE) at 15%, 16.5%, 18%, and 19.5%. Characterizations such as morphology and structure of derived hydrogel were found out using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), accordingly. Hydrogel’s removal performance was studied, and hydrogel with 19.5% EDGE content was determined to be the most effective one with 99% Congo Red removal, at optimal conditions (contact time of 7 h, dye with concentration, at 50 mg/L, and pH = 7). Swelling ratio, contact time, impact of pH, and dosage rate of hydrogel were investigated. Based on the results, the swelling ratio decreased with an increase in ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, while the efficiency of removal of Congo Red improved as dosage amount was increased. Regarding heavy metal ion removal, Pb²⁺ and Zn²⁺ ions were considered in this study, where results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity for Pb²⁺ (383.96 mg/g) was observed in hydrogel with 19.5% EDGE, while this was 244.12 mg/g for Zn²⁺, demonstrating higher selectivity for Pb²⁺. This research highlighted the potential of PET-based hydrogels as effective adsorbent material in treatment methods of industrial wastewater simultaneously with plastic waste recycling.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Research","volume":"32 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerated UV degradation behavior of high tensile nylon 6, 6 webbings","authors":"Nilesh Rajendran,&nbsp;Emiel DenHartog","doi":"10.1007/s10965-025-04591-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10965-025-04591-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper investigates the UV degradation behavior of high tensile nylon 6, 6 webbings used in military applications. Webbings of four colors (navy, black, tan, and white) were selected according to military specification MIL-DTL-4088. The webbings were then subjected to up to 15 days of continuous exposure using a modified ASTM D2565 test standard in xenon-arc Weather-Ometer with 1.5x narrowband irradiance or 0.83 W/m² ∙ nm at 340 nm under Arizona conditions (43 °C, 30% RH), a duration equivalent to 107 days of outdoor Arizona conditions. SEM analysis showed no morphological changes even after 15 days of continuous exposure, contrary to literature available on the degradation of nylon polymer. However, FTIR spectroscopy showed evidence of change in molecular structure of nylon webbings with increasing UV exposure duration. This finding showed that the peak at 1740 cm⁻¹ associated with -COOH bond energy increased as exposure increased, confirming that the hydrolysis phenomenon was initiated by UV radiation. This was also confirmed by tensile test results, which showed that the strength of the webbings decreased by 20% for all color except the white webbings (6% reduction) after 15 days in the weatherometer. A full factorial analysis confirmed that exposure duration had the largest effect on breaking strength (Partial η² = 0.67), followed by color (Partial η² = 0.54). A significant interaction effect (Partial η² = 0.37, <i>p</i> &lt; .0001) confirmed that the rate of degradation was color-dependent, which could be the result of the dye chemistry associated with different colors. This study highlights the use of chemical characterization is essential for monitoring material integrity when surface changes are not visible due to UV degradation in nylon 6, 6 webbings. Future work should aim to quantify these chemical changes to develop a non-destructive method for predicting the residual strength of in-service webbings.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Research","volume":"32 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10965-025-04591-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrospun metal hydride-polymer nanocomposite fibers for enhanced hydrogen storage and kinetics","authors":"Qamar S. Mohammed,&nbsp;Balakrishnan Subeshan,&nbsp;Ahmed O. Ijaola,&nbsp;Eylem Asmatulu","doi":"10.1007/s10965-025-04565-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10965-025-04565-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>One of the key elements in the advancement of hydrogen (H₂) and fuel cell technologies is to store H₂ effectively for use in various industries, such as transportation, defense, portable electronics, and energy. Because of its highest energy density, availability, and environmental and health benefits, H₂ stands as a promising future energy carrier. Currently, enterprises are searching for a solution for energy distribution management and H₂ gas storage. Thus, there is a need to develop an innovative solution to H₂ storage that might be considered for later use in aviation applications. This study aims to synthesize an electrospun nanocomposite fiber (NCF) for an H₂ storage application and to understand the absorption kinetics of the resultant highly porous NCF mats. This study incorporates functional NCFs with H₂-sensitive inclusions to increase the storage capacity and absorption/desorption kinetics of H₂ gas at lower temperatures and pressures. Here, the electrospinning technique is utilized to produce NCFs with various nanoscale metal hydrides (MHs) and conductive particles, which support enhancing H₂ storage capacity and kinetics. These NCFs enable controlled H₂ storage and improve thermal properties. Selected polymeric materials for H₂ storage that have been investigated are polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and sulfonated polyether ether ketone (SPEEK) in combination with MHs, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). On testing, it was observed that H₂ capacity with SPEEK, which includes 4 wt% MWCNTs and 4 wt% MH MmNi_4.5Fe_0.5 shows significant H₂ uptake compared to a PAN/PMMA polymer.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Research","volume":"32 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10965-025-04565-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of biocompatible and biodegradable 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-citric acid-acrylic acid-based pH-sensitive hydrogels","authors":"S. Sudarsan,&nbsp;S. Mullai Venthan,&nbsp;P. Senthil Kumar,&nbsp;M. Anandkumar,&nbsp;S. Guhanathan,&nbsp;E. A. Trofimov,&nbsp;Gayathri Rangasamy","doi":"10.1007/s10965-025-04546-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10965-025-04546-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is more significant to investigate eco-friendly stimuli sensitive hydrogel because of greater application of pH-sensitive hydrogels in environmental and biomedical applications. The present work, the new pH-sensitive 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) crosslinked with citric acid (CA) and acrylic acid (AA) based CA-HEMA-AA (CHA) hydrogels has been effectively synthesized via two-step polymerization process. The structural changes, surface morphology and thermal properties was carried out using FT-IR, SEM, TGA/DTA and DSC equipments. Swelling (S%) and equilibrium swelling studies has been performed in various conditions. The S% of C3H2A hydrogel found to have better value such as 900%, 1310%, 1020% in pH 3.0, 7.4, 10.0 compared to other hydrogels. The percentage of equilibrium water content of CHA hydrogel has showed in the range of 93.78—95.86%. The percentage of gel content has also been exhibited more at pH10 (basic medium) than acidic and neutral, due to lower interaction between the hydrogel and pH solution. After 56 days CHA hydrogel attained maximum 91% weight loss through biodegradation process. C3H2A hydrogel found to have good antibacterial activity against <i>L. monocytogenes</i> and <i>V. cholera</i> (100 µg/mL) strain. The percentage of cell viability of CHA hydrogel has been studied by Cytotoxicity MTT assay was used to estimate the cell viability of CHA hydrogel (10 µg/ml) possessed 78.88% to 81.11% of cell viability. These results underscore few insights into the impacts of CA and AA crosslinking on surface, thermal, biodegradation, antibacterial properties and cytotoxicity of adhesion concert of soft hydrogels. These observations showed that pH-tuning hydrogel may have superior prospective in simple and convenient approaches like biomedical, agrochemical, dye removal and toxic metal ion removal applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Research","volume":"32 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the enhancement of mechanical and tribological properties of Polymer-ZrO2 nanocomposites incorporated agro-waste material","authors":"Uwa O. Uyor,&nbsp;Abimbola P. I. Popoola,&nbsp;Olawale M. Popoola","doi":"10.1007/s10965-025-04603-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10965-025-04603-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With fluid lubricants to reduce wear of mechanical components during friction, the wear-off of such fluid lubricants has opened a gap for the development of self-lubricating materials, for which polymers have shown good potential. However, there is a need for continuous improvement of the mechanical and wear properties of polymeric materials for advanced applications. In this study, polyester (PE) nanocomposites containing snail shell (SS) particles, as an agro-waste material, and ZrO₂ nanoparticles as a ceramic material were developed to enhance the mechanical and tribological properties of PE. The PE nanocomposites in this study were fabricated by blending and casting. First, the SS particles were hydroxylated using HNO₃ and H₂O₂ to enhance wettability. ZrO₂ and SS particles were mixed at the desired concentrations before introducing them to the PE matrix to ensure good dispersion. Mechanical and tribological responses of the developed PE-ZrO₂/SS nanocomposites were evaluated. From the results obtained, the PE-5wt%ZrO₂/10wt%SS composite sample showed increments in hardness, elastic modulus, and wear resistance of about 128.6%, 149.7%, and 3 orders of magnitude compared to the pure PE and 53%, 57.6%, and 2 orders of magnitude compared to PE-15wt%ZrO₂ composite sample, respectively. The enhancements of the PE-5wt%ZrO₂/10wt%SS composite’s features were linked to the good mechanical properties of ZrO₂, improved stiffness by SS particles, their good load bearing and self-lubrication, and good interfacial interactions of the nanocomposites’ constituents.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Research","volume":"32 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10965-025-04603-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of MXene and natural filler loaded XLPE composites: a hybrid dopant-filler system for high voltage insulation","authors":"Ankita Deb,&nbsp;Moumita Naskar","doi":"10.1007/s10965-025-04504-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10965-025-04504-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High voltage (HV) polymeric composite insulations draw substantial attention to the power industry. This article explored the potentiality of the MXene as a dopant, a new member of 2D materials family and natural fillers (NF) with LDPE as a hybrid dopant-filler system for high voltage insulation. NF was produced from coconut coir by carbonization process as a natural carbon black to replace conventional carbon black. Three types of NF were prepared including untreated, potassium hydroxide (KOH) and DI treated NF. MXene was synthesized from Ti₃AlC₂ to obtain Ti₃C₂ by etching process. FTIR analysis was performed for all the fillers and it revealed the elimination of some lignin portion from KOH treated NF and successful etching of Al layers from Ti₃AlC₂. LDPE composites were prepared by incorporating fillers and crosslinker through melt mixing process. The composites were evaluated based on thermal, mechanical, electrical and morphological analysis. From DSC analysis it was observed that loading of 0.25 wt% MXene in LDPE has shifted melting point of pure LDPE to 4 °C. Inclusion of small amount of MXene considerably improved electrical properties, however mechanical property was not satisfactory. The morphological analysis was carried out through SEM characterization where it was observed that MXene helped to increase the chain alignment of the LDPE. NF with MXene created hybrid dopant-filler interaction which were co-related with the thermal and electrical properties. The hybrid dopant-filler system of MXene and NF system in LDPE composite demonstrated promising potential for HV voltage insulation offering enhance thermal and electrical performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Research","volume":"32 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and In-Depth characterization of liquid crystalline polyesters for lower melting points and wider processing windows","authors":"Selahattin ERDOĞAN","doi":"10.1007/s10965-025-04508-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10965-025-04508-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents a thorough examination of thermotropic liquid crystalline polyesters (LCPs) designed to achieve lower melting points and wider nematic windows without sacrificing their strength or stability. The work begins by synthesizing fully aromatic LCPs and then systematically introducing aliphatic segments or partially crystalline polyesters—such as PET, PEN, PBT, PBN, and PHN—to modify melting temperatures (Tₘ) and phase-transition behavior. Comprehensive characterization was conducted using techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), polarized light microscopy (PLM), wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). These results indicate that incorporating flexible or semicrystalline domains broadens the temperature range in which the polymers exhibit a nematic phase, thereby improving processability. In particular, formulations containing longer aliphatic diacids, such as octanedioic or decanedioic acid, showed lower Tₘ values and significantly expanded the temperature windows for nematic ordering. TGA measurements confirmed that an elevated fraction of aromatic units enhances thermal stability, whereas aliphatic constituents support easier processing. WAXS and fiber diffraction analyses revealed a higher degree of crystallinity in the LCPs enriched with PET, correlating with a stronger mechanical performance. Blending these modified LCPs with common thermoplastics (for instance, PET, PP, and ABS) resulted in improvements in tensile strength and overall mechanical behavior, suggesting that these materials are promising candidates for advanced composites. Moreover, detailed analyses of the reaction times and catalysts highlighted the delicate balance between achieving a sufficiently high molecular weight and maintaining tractable melt viscosities. Altogether, this study offers a roadmap for tuning LCP architectures to produce materials with optimized thermal, mechanical, and processing characteristics, thereby widening their suitability for applications ranging from high-performance fibers to industrial-scale thermoplastic composites.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Research","volume":"32 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective remediation of chromium via catalytic conversion of Cr(VI)","authors":"Neeraj Kumar,&nbsp;Kalluri V.S. Ranganath","doi":"10.1007/s10965-025-04614-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10965-025-04614-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Development of new materials for the conversion of toxic metals is one of the rapidly growing research areas. Polyureas are a class of materials that have been widely used in various industrial applications, including adhesives, plastics, and paints. In this work, we report the fabrication of polyurea via the coprecipitation of diamines in the presence of diisocyanates. PXRD, SEM, solid-state NMR, and FT-IR studies are used to characterize polyureas. The obtained polyurea was characterized using PXRD, SEM, and solid-state NMR (¹³C CP) and FT-IR. Later, palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) entrapped in polyureas (Pd@PU) were prepared with a low palladium content and characterized using ICP-MS, PXRD, DLS, FT-IR, and TGA. Furthermore, this highly stable material has been utilized in the conversion of hazardous chemicals, such as Cr⁶⁺ reduction under heterogeneous conditions. The chromium oxide (Cr₂O₃) collected as green compound, which was confirmed by PXRD. The kinetic evaluation studies further indicate that it follows first-order kinetics with a rate constant (k) of 7.9 × 10⁻² min^-1.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Research","volume":"32 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Copolyfluorenes containing polymethine dyes in the main chain: synthesis and photophysical properties","authors":"Elena V. Zhukova,&nbsp;Alexander M. Mitroshin,&nbsp;Ksenia I. Kaskevich,&nbsp;Serguei A. Miltsov,&nbsp;Larisa S. Litvinova,&nbsp;Elena M. Ivan’kova,&nbsp;Tatiana G. Chulkova,&nbsp;Alexander V. Yakimansky","doi":"10.1007/s10965-025-04608-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10965-025-04608-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effect of polyfluorene main chain on both luminescence and pH-sensitivity of polymethine dyes incorporated covalently into the copolyfluorenes was studied. A series of fluorene-polymethine dye copolymers were synthesized by the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling polycondensation using cyanine, keto-cyanine, and squaraine comonomers, which exhibit fluorescence at ca. 500–700 nm. These polymers exhibit both green to red or near-infrared absorption and emission attributed to polymethine dyes, and absorption and emission bands corresponding to polyfluorene (at ca. 380 and 420−470 nm, respectively). The influence of pH on the UV-Vis absorption and luminescence spectra of the copolymers in solution was studied.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Research","volume":"32 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redox-active and electrochromic poly(amide-imide)s derived from Imide ring-preformed dicarboxylic acids and triphenylamine-based aromatic diamines","authors":"Sheng-Huei Hsiao,&nbsp;Zong-De Ni,&nbsp;Tzong-Ming Lee,&nbsp;Cyi-Ming Leu,&nbsp;Yu-Yang Su","doi":"10.1007/s10965-025-04567-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10965-025-04567-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Two series of electroactive poly(amide-imide)s (PAIs) were synthesized using the phosphorylation polyamidation technique, employing various imide ring-preformed dicarboxylic acids in combination with two triphenylamine (TPA)-based diamine monomers: 4,4’-diamino-4”-methoxytriphenylamine (MeO-TPA-2NH₂) and <i>N</i>,<i> N’</i>-di(4-aminophenyl)-<i>N</i>,<i> N</i>’-di(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,4-phenylenediamine [(MeO)₂-TPPA-2NH₂]. All PAIs demonstrated excellent solubility in polar organic solvents and could be processed into strong, flexible films via solution casting. The fully aromatic PAIs exhibited high glass transition temperatures (<i>T</i>_g) exceeding 300 °C and did not show significant decomposition until reaching 500 °C. The incorporation of methylene units into the PAI main chain resulted in decreased <i>T</i>_g and thermal stability. The PAIs derived from the diamine monomer MeO-TPA-2NH₂ displayed reversible redox processes, changing color from colorless to green upon oxidation. In contrast, the PAIs based on the diamine monomer (MeO)₂-TPPA-2NH₂ revealed two reversible redox processes, accompanied by color changes from colorless in the neutral state to green and blue in the oxidized states. Both series of PAIs exhibited remarkably high electrochemical and electrochromic switching stability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Research","volume":"32 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}