Journal of Polymer Research最新文献

{"title":"A phenomenological model for predicting local creep and thermal drift of polymers from micro-indentation test data","authors":"Soumya Ranjan Guru,&nbsp;Mihir Sarangi","doi":"10.1007/s10965-024-04100-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10965-024-04100-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Polymers have emerged as a novel class of engineered materials that find application in several domains, such as structural components, fittings, couplings, and more. Due to their viscoelastic nature, these materials experience a deformation dependent on time when subjected to an applied load. This paper presents a novel approach to address this research gap by introducing simplified and practical models for predicting creep and back creep displacement utilizing a non-destructive technique, specifically micro-indentation. A comprehensive experimental investigation of multi-cycle indentation testing has been conducted. The creep and back creep models that have been developed are expressed as nonlinear exponential equations, which include variables such as material properties determined using micro-indentation techniques, as well as experimental parameters like maximum load, loading and unloading rates, and the indenter’s hold time. The relationships discussed significantly influence the holding time at maximum and minimum loading conditions. One advantage of these exponential models is their ability to provide a simple mathematical representation. By utilizing this approach, there is no longer a requirement to conduct multiple single-cycle indentations or to depend only on conventional creep tests.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141920238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wear resistant composites based on polypropylene filled with potassium polytitanate and their utilization by autocatalytic cracking","authors":"Alexander Gorokhovsky,&nbsp;Nikita Zherdetsky,&nbsp;Igor Burmistrov,&nbsp;Anton Mostovoy,&nbsp;Roman Borisov,&nbsp;Valentin Atlasov","doi":"10.1007/s10965-024-04095-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10965-024-04095-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this work is to investigate new, relatively cheap and effective catalyst, which could be used as PP fillers in the primary production of polymer matrix composites with improved mechanical properties and, at the same time, characterized with high catalytic activity in the process of the PP-based composites recycling by the thermo-catalytic cracking. Two kinds of the protonated potassium polytitanate (PPT), having platy shape of particles and characterized with low friction coefficient and high reflectance of UV radiation, but different Ti⁴⁺/Ti³⁺ molar ratio, are investigated as such functional fillers. It is shown that the admixture of the PPT fillers (10 wt.%) allows obtaining the PP-matrix composites characterized with increased values of Young modulus and, especially, wear resistance, in comparison with the materials filled with talc. It is shown that the PP matrix composites containing the PPT fillers can be directly used for pyrolytic processing due to high catalytic activity in the cracking processes taking place at moderate temperatures (~ 450 °C). The chemical composition of gaseous and liquid products, obtained as a result of this processing, is investigated. Some differences in the chemical composition of the products are considered taking into account chemical and structural features of the PPT and zeolite catalysts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141922711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, reaction kinetics and properties of aromatic hyperbranched polyesters of different generations (G1 to G4) prepared via one-shot solution polycondensation","authors":"Ramadasu Gunasekhar,&nbsp;Balaraman Indumathy,&nbsp;Prasad Gajula,&nbsp;Jin Woo Bae,&nbsp;Arun Anand Prabu","doi":"10.1007/s10965-024-04093-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10965-024-04093-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, a series of aromatic hyperbranched polyester (Ar.HBPs) of different generations (G1-G4) were synthesized using one-shot solution poly condensation, and their structural, physical, thermal and optical properties were studied in detail. The formation of aromatic ester bond in the product was confirmed using spectral analyses (FTIR and NMR). Ar.HBP reaction kinetics was studied from the changes in acid-to-ester band using FTIR and the optimal reaction time is around 21 h (G1), 26 h (G2), 29 h (G3) and 31 h (G4). DSC thermal data revealed their glass transition temperature at around 120 °C. From TGA data, thermal degradation (<i>T</i>₁₀, ^oC) of Ar.HBPs started at around 216 °C (G1), 230 °C (G2), 241 °C (G3) and 243 °C (G4). MALDI-TOF investigation confirmed the chemical structure and molecular weight of the synthesized Ar.HBPs. Their optical property was revealed in the UV region by the existence of a broad absorption peak at 580 nm. From the aforementioned characterization studies, the synthesized Ar.HBPs supported the formation of a highly branched structure and an improvement in thermal stability with increasing HBP generations from G1 to G4. Ar.HBP (G1-G4) synthesis reported in this work will serve as a guideline for understanding their reaction kinetics, and the influence of their final properties on applications such as energy materials, optoelectronic materials and devices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141923016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical and tribological properties of fluororubber enhanced by three carbon nanomaterials at a high temperature: A molecular simulation approach","authors":"Jing Zhao,&nbsp;Tianming Wang,&nbsp;Yadi Yang,&nbsp;Dianhong Qu","doi":"10.1007/s10965-024-04087-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10965-024-04087-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fluororubber (FKM), known for its high-temperature resistance and mechanical deformation capabilities, is extensively used in the aerospace and automotive industries. Owing to its high-temperature resistance, FKM is commonly utilized as a sealing material in high-temperature environments. With the advancement in various fields, there has been an increasing demand in engineering for its performance under high-temperature conditions. This study investigates the impact of graphene (GNS), carbon nanotubes (CNT), and fullerene (C60) on the mechanical and tribological properties of FKM at 533 K using molecular dynamics simulations. Results indicate that GNS/FKM shows the greatest enhancement in Young's and Shear modulus, while C60/FKM exhibits the best Bulk modulus performance. Regarding tribological properties, the optimal characteristics were observed in CNT/FKM. This suggests that the incorporation of three types of carbon nanomaterials enhances the resistance of FKM material to volumetric, shear, and elastic deformation, as well as frictional wear at a high temperature (533 K). Furthermore, the mechanical properties section analyzed the binding energy, mean square displacement, and free volume fraction of the four FKM systems, while the tribological properties section examined the relative concentration, total potential energy, friction temperature, and radial distribution function. Through the aforementioned analysis, it was revealed that the incorporation of three types of carbon nanomaterials enhances the mechanical and tribological properties of FKM material at a high temperature (533 K), and differences in enhancement mechanisms exist.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141944016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydroxyethyl methacrylate modified polylactic acids and their micelle properties","authors":"Shi-He Luo,&nbsp;Ying Xiao,&nbsp;Juan-Juan Gao,&nbsp;Xi-Ying Cao,&nbsp;Yong-Gan Fang,&nbsp;Jian-Yun Lin,&nbsp;Huan-Qing Li,&nbsp;Zhao-Yang Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10965-024-04097-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10965-024-04097-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of promising biocompatible and biodegradable polyester. Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) is a polymer with good hydrophilicity. The hydrophilic PHEMA may improve PLA’s amphiphilic properties. Hence, directly starting from hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), lactic acid (LA), maleic anhydride (MAH) and 2,2'-azobis(2-methyl-propionitrile) (AIBN), a series of new amphiphilic copolymers PLA₂₀MH_n were obtained through direct melt polycondensation (DMP) and subsequent free radical polymerization (FRP) in one pot. The results show that PLA₂₀MH_n can self-assemble in aqueous solution to form stable spherical micelles and dissolve hydrophobic pyrene molecules. What’s more, The CMC value can be adjusted by the polymerization ratio. Therefore, this method is expected to further realize the encapsulation and controlled release of hydrophobic drug molecules for systemic circulation in vivo.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141969845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the characteristics and performance of compatibilized PLA/PCL blends and their nanocomposites with nanocalcium carbonate","authors":"Mohammadmahdi Negaresh,&nbsp;Azizeh Javadi,&nbsp;Hamid Garmabi","doi":"10.1007/s10965-024-04098-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10965-024-04098-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines the preparation and characterization of Poly lactic acid (PLA)/Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) blends with the addition of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) as a chain extender, as well as nanocomposites of compatibilized and uncompatibilized PLA/PCL with nanocalcium carbonate (NCC). The blend compositions included 2 and 3 phr of GMA, while the nanocomposites contained 7 and 9 phr of NCC. The samples were processed via melt mixing, and their crystallinity, tensile properties, morphology, permeability, migration, and rheology were analyzed. The addition of 3 phr of GMA and 9 phr of NCC resulted in a significant increase in the tensile modulus of the PLA/PCL (75/25) blend from 1800 MPa (for neat PLA) to 3400 MPa. AFM analysis revealed that GMA improved the barrier properties of the PLA/PCL nanocomposite by reducing the roughness of the material. Furthermore, GMA and NCC promoted a higher degree of network formation within the polymer blend, as evidenced by a 4.5% increase in gel content. The incorporation of 9 phr of NCC increased the crystallinity of the PLA/PCL blend from 1.2% to 4.85%, although this effect was mitigated when GMA was also present. Interestingly, the simultaneous use of GMA and NCC significantly reduced the total migration of the material, resulting in a weight loss percentage of only 1.2%, compared to samples containing only one additive. Ultimately, the oxygen permeability of the compatibilized nanocomposite with 9 phr of NCC was measured at 60 <span>((frac{{text{cm}}^{3}text{mm}}{{text{m}}^{2}text{day atm}}))</span>, a value comparable to that of commonly used oil-based polymers such as PE and PP.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141944018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of tetrazole-derived solid polymeric electrolytes","authors":"Dayanary González Velázquez,&nbsp;Roberto Benavides Cantú,&nbsp;Diana Morales-Acosta,&nbsp;Luana Francisco-Vieira,&nbsp;Juan Guillermo Martínez,&nbsp;Arxel de León Santillán,&nbsp;Adriano Da Silva,&nbsp;Rachel Faverzani Magnago,&nbsp;Marcos Marques Da Silva Paula,&nbsp;Luciano Da Silva","doi":"10.1007/s10965-024-04094-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10965-024-04094-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, N-alkylated tetrazole copolymers were prepared to produce the solid polymeric electrolytes StVTz-82, StVTz-82:4C, StVTz-82:6C, StVTz-82:8C and StVTz-82:sultone. The chemical structure was confirmed by FTIR, H NMR, C NMR and GPC. GPC thermal analysis showed that the membranes are thermally stable up to 160 °C. DSC was used to evaluate the structural effect on the Tg value. Water absorption (WU) and ion exchange capacity (IEC) were conducted for all electrolytes. We observed a decrease in the elastic modulus with the introduction of side alkyl chains linked to the tetrazole heterocycle. The ionic conductivity of these materials was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. We observed that the StVTz-82 and StVTz-82:sultone copolymers, in hydrated conditions and at room temperature, are the ones that present the best conductivity values 2.09 and 9.78 mS. cm, respectively. Relating to the hydration number (λ), the StVTz-82:sultone electrolyte has a higher λ value. It also has sulfonic acid group, which has a lower pKa value (~ 1.9) then tetrazole (~ 4.50). From the point of view of mechanical properties, the StVTz-82:sultone electrolyte has a rigidity modulus intermediate to that of StVTz-82, which is more rigid, and StVTz-82:8C, which is the most flexible. These characteristics provide suitable properties for use of StVTz-82:sultone as a solid electrolyte for power generation devices such as fuel cells and batteries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141944021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of the aureus nano-silica utilizing acid orange 7 for strengthening and coloring fluororubber","authors":"Zhangyan Qiu,&nbsp;Junchang Gao,&nbsp;Yadong Wu,&nbsp;Lingfeng Wang,&nbsp;Zhukang Bai,&nbsp;Yili Wei,&nbsp;Ping Shen,&nbsp;Yiwen Zhang,&nbsp;Wenjie Tan,&nbsp;Huile Jin","doi":"10.1007/s10965-024-04091-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10965-024-04091-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fluororubber (FKM) has an important application in the industrial field. However, the coloring problem of FKM has been affecting the performance of its mechanical properties. Herein, a novel silicon dioxide (SiO₂) colored with acid orange 7 (AO7) was prepared by sol–gel method to ameliorate the mechanical properties and coloring property of FKM. Acid orange silica sol was prepared by adding AO7 to sodium silicate solution, and then colored SiO₂-AO7 was prepared by freeze drying. The effects of SiO₂-AO7 modified FKM on mechanical properties, thermal conductivity and coloring were systematically studied. The results show that SiO₂-AO7 has the advantage of enhancing the mechanical properties of FKM without affecting its color appearance. Relative to the unmodified FKM, the tensile strength and modulus at 300% elongation saw enhancements of 47.2% and 21.8% respectively. The SiO₂-AO7 offers exceptional coloration and mechanical reinforcement, showing strong suitability for industrial application.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141944017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ionic Cross-Linking of Polypropylene: Effect of Maleic Anhydride Grafting Temperature and Ionic Plasticizer","authors":"Hussain Namvar Maroofy,&nbsp;Mohammad-Javad Hafezi","doi":"10.1007/s10965-024-04062-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10965-024-04062-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Polypropylene (PP) is chemically modified with maleic anhydride (MAH) and cross-linked with zinc oxide at different concentrations by melt mixing. The grafting process is conducted at two different temperatures, 150 °C and 180 °C. Using relatively high concentrations of initiator a grafting degree sufficient for cross-linking is achieved. FTIR spectroscopy confirms that a lower processing temperature leads to a significantly higher grafting efficiency. The concentration of stearic acid influences the neutralization degree of the cyclic anhydride grafts significantly, and, therefore, a mechanism has been proposed to explain this behaviour. The DSC thermograms of the grafted samples reveal secondary melting points at lower temperatures attributable to the interactions between the polar grafts. Samples grafted at the lower processing temperature undergo long-chain branching and exhibit complex thermal behaviour. Rheological analysis shows that ionic cross-linking has improved the melt properties; the analysis also reveals the formation of a dual-phase morphology developed with cross-linking and supports the proposed mechanism. Dynamic-mechanical thermal analysis proves the mechanical stability at elevated temperatures and reveals the cross-linked samples' ion-hopping temperatures. Tensile testing is also performed to evaluate the mechanical properties of cross-linked samples.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10965-024-04062-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141969362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of hydrophobic monomers with different carbon chains on the structure–activity relationship of associating polyacrylamides","authors":"Rong Yang,&nbsp;Xiaojuan Lai,&nbsp;Qiying Li,&nbsp;Xi Ding,&nbsp;Lei Wang,&nbsp;Xin Wen,&nbsp;Yan Guo","doi":"10.1007/s10965-024-04083-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10965-024-04083-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As temperature and salt-resistant materials, hydrophobically associating polymers can form a reversible spatial network structure through the interaction between their hydrophobic groups, effectively improve the viscosity of the polymer solution through association, and enhance the temperature and salt resistance of the polymer. Hydrophobically associating monomers have different effects on the properties of polymer solutions. Herein, acrylic acid, acrylamide, and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid were used as hydrophilic monomers. The three hydrophobic monomers with different carbon chain lengths were prepared by the bromination reaction. Hydrophobic associating polymers DQM1-PAM, DQM2-PAM, and DQM3-PAM were prepared by aqueous solution free-radical polymerization. The structure–activity relationship of the hydrophobic monomers with different carbon chain lengths on polymers was studied. It was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and ¹H-NMR that the target product was successfully synthesized. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that with increasing hydrophobic carbon chain length, the hydrophobic microarea of molecular aggregation increased, forming a closer spatial network structure. Thermogravimetric and fluorescence tests revealed that with increasing hydrophobic carbon chain length of polymer molecules, the polymerization temperature resistance increased, intermolecular association degree increased, and critical association concentration decreased. Rheological property evaluation revealed that the viscosity of 0.5% polymer DQM1-PAM, DQM2-PAM, and DQM3-PAM was 71.32, 100.21, and 118.79 mPa·s after shearing at 120 °C and 170 s⁻¹ for 1 h. With the increase in the carbon chain length, the retention rate of shear viscosity of polymer in a salt solution increased, showing good salt resistance. Concurrently, the molecular aggregation microarea of a solution with 0.5% polymer, degree of molecular chain action, viscoelasticity of the solution (G' &gt; G''), and thixotropic area all increased. The performance of polymer solution can be improved by modifying hydrophobically associating polymers with long carbon chains, which has a broader application.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141862704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}