Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation最新文献_第9页

Automated Robot-Based Computed Tomography Trajectory Optimization using Differential Evolution in 3D Radon Space 基于机器人的三维Radon空间差分演化计算机断层扫描轨迹优化

IF 2.4 3区材料科学

Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation Pub Date : 2025-06-10 DOI: 10.1007/s10921-025-01204-x

Maximilian Linde, Wolfram Wiest, Anna Trauth, Markus G. R. Sause

{"title":"Automated Robot-Based Computed Tomography Trajectory Optimization using Differential Evolution in 3D Radon Space","authors":"Maximilian Linde, Wolfram Wiest, Anna Trauth, Markus G. R. Sause","doi":"10.1007/s10921-025-01204-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10921-025-01204-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Limited accessibility of the X-ray hardware manipulating robots stemming from collision elements and the restricted workspace of the robots as well as areas of significant X-ray absorption are inherent characteristics of robot-based computed tomography scanning in subregions of large structures. The manual definition of trajectories is resource-intensive and results in substantial user influence on the resulting data quality. Therefore, this work proposes a method for the automated calculation of optimized (partial) circular scan trajectories for robot-based computed tomography. Specifically, a differential evolution algorithm is used to find global parametrization optima by estimating the reconstruction quality of trajectories. This estimation is based on a quantitative sampling quality metric in 3D Radon space, which is introduced in this work. The proposed method is evaluated on a test body from a region of limited accessibility within the strut mount of a car body. The reconstruction results are compared to those obtained from nearly 1000 reference trajectories. The results demonstrate that the proposed technique automatically generates trajectories that surpass the global optimum in data completeness of all reference trajectories. This methodology thus enables the elimination of user influence in trajectory parametrization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":655,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"44 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10921-025-01204-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145164110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Thickness Measurement Method Immune to Lift-Off Fluctuation Using Sweep-Frequency Eddy Current Testing 一种不受升降波动影响的扫频涡流测厚方法

IF 2.4 3区材料科学

Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1007/s10921-025-01201-0

Pu Huang, Zhenyu Bao, Jinqin Guo, Yuedong Xie

{"title":"A Thickness Measurement Method Immune to Lift-Off Fluctuation Using Sweep-Frequency Eddy Current Testing","authors":"Pu Huang, Zhenyu Bao, Jinqin Guo, Yuedong Xie","doi":"10.1007/s10921-025-01201-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10921-025-01201-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Eddy current testing (ECT) is a highly effective technique for measuring the thickness of metal samples. However, the fluctuation of lift-off distance easily affects the accuracy of measurement. In this paper, a thickness measurement immune to lift-off strategy based on the sweep frequency eddy current testing is investigated. First of all, we conducted an analysis on the relationship between the peak frequency of mutual inductance variation and the thickness of metal plates in line with Dodd-Deeds analytical solution. Moreover, we have demonstrated that the real part of mutual inductance variation at high frequencies (~ MHz) can be directly employed to invert and estimate lift-off, which is immune to the thickness and electromagnetic properties of metal samples. According to the estimated lift-off, the instrument factor for thickness measurement can be compensated to improve accuracy of thickness measurement. Both experiment and numerical solution have been applied to verify the proposed method, and the results indicate the relative error is only within 2.4%, which provides an approach to actual online measurement in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":655,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"44 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145163524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Eddy Current Method in Non-Magnetic Aluminide Coating Thickness Assessment 涡流法在非磁性铝化物涂层厚度评估中的应用

IF 2.4 3区材料科学

Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1007/s10921-025-01211-y

Grzegorz Tytko, Małgorzata Adamczyk-Habrajska, Yong Li, Shi Pengpeng, Mateusz Kopec

{"title":"Eddy Current Method in Non-Magnetic Aluminide Coating Thickness Assessment","authors":"Grzegorz Tytko, Małgorzata Adamczyk-Habrajska, Yong Li, Shi Pengpeng, Mateusz Kopec","doi":"10.1007/s10921-025-01211-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10921-025-01211-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the use of eddy current testing (ECT) as a non-destructive technique to evaluate the thickness and structural variations of non-magnetic aluminide coatings on MAR-M247 nickel-based superalloy. Coatings with thicknesses of 20 μm and 40 μm were applied to substrates exhibiting fine, coarse, and columnar grain structures. Using sensors of different geometries, impedance measurements were performed within a frequency range of 11.5 MHz to 12.5 MHz. Results demonstrated the designed sensor’s superior sensitivity, with the highest values of absolute resistance difference significantly exceeding the threshold for reliable distinction due to coating thicknesses or grain structures. The study highlights the impact of eddy current penetration depth and edge effects on the measurement accuracy, emphasizing the need for optimized sensor design and frequency selection. Findings confirm the efficacy of ECT in differentiating coatings of varying thicknesses and substrate structures, offering a reliable tool for quality control in high-temperature applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":655,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"44 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10921-025-01211-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145163526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Review of Ex-situ, In situ and Artificial Intelligence-based Thermographic Measurements in Additively Manufactured Parts 增材制造零件非原位、原位和人工智能热像测量综述

IF 2.4 3区材料科学

Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1007/s10921-025-01195-9

Manuela Galati, Simone De Giorgi, Giovanni Rizza, Emanuele Tognoli, Giulia Colombini, Lucia Denti, Elena Bassoli, Luca Iuliano

{"title":"A Review of Ex-situ, In situ and Artificial Intelligence-based Thermographic Measurements in Additively Manufactured Parts","authors":"Manuela Galati, Simone De Giorgi, Giovanni Rizza, Emanuele Tognoli, Giulia Colombini, Lucia Denti, Elena Bassoli, Luca Iuliano","doi":"10.1007/s10921-025-01195-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10921-025-01195-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Additive manufacturing (AM) encompasses a range of advanced production methods that are increasingly applied across various sectors, particularly where customisation, high-strength materials, or complex parts are required. However, a key challenge remains the need for rapid methods and non-destructive testing (NDT) technologies to ensure part quality, particularly for detecting internal defects. Among these methods, infrared thermography (IRT) is gaining popularity due to its ease of use and low overall system cost (hardware, data acquisition, and processing) when compared to more complex techniques like tomography. AM can greatly benefit from IRT, both ex-situ for quality control and in-situ for process monitoring. This paper reviews the current literature on the application of IRT in the AM field. It examines IRT as a standard method for detecting typical defects in AM parts ex-situ, after the manufacturing process. The effectiveness of IRT techniques is evaluated in terms of their ability to detect defects based on size and depth. The paper also explores the use of IRT for in-situ process monitoring, where thermograms are captured during production and analysed to identify defects early. The advantages and limitations of IRT are discussed and compared with other NDT techniques. Additionally, the use of numerical simulation and artificial intelligence (AI) in enhancing IRT applications is reviewed. The findings highlight that while IRT is a valuable tool for defect characterisation in AM, significant potential remains for developing more advanced and efficient approaches that integrate data from multiple sources.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":655,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"44 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10921-025-01195-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145163982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multi-response Optimization of Ultrasonic Case Depth Measurement 超声壳体深度测量的多响应优化

IF 2.4 3区材料科学

Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1007/s10921-025-01207-8

Mahdi Bayat-Kazazi, Farhang Honarvar, Alireza Bahadory

{"title":"Multi-response Optimization of Ultrasonic Case Depth Measurement","authors":"Mahdi Bayat-Kazazi, Farhang Honarvar, Alireza Bahadory","doi":"10.1007/s10921-025-01207-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10921-025-01207-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents a methodology for optimizing the parameters of the immersion ultrasonic backscattering technique used in measuring the case depth of induction-hardened parts. The accuracy of an immersion ultrasonic backscattering technique is governed by two major parameters: the probe angle and probe distance from the part surface. The required equations are derived to calculate the probe distance based on the focal length of the probe. A design of experiments (DOE) process is also performed by conducting 81 tests on three surface-hardened steel shafts, to identify the significant factors affecting the measurement results. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the probe angle, probe distance and their interaction in the backscattering technique. The desirability function approach is then used to optimize the multi-response results of case depth measurements. The optimal settings for this specific case are determined as a probe angle of 16° and a probe distance of 10 mm, resulting in a desirability function value of 0.90. The methodology introduced in this paper can be applied to other backscattering applications, providing optimal configurations for ultrasonic testing, and improving measurement accuracy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":655,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"44 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145163525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Detection of Anode Coating Defects in Batteries Electrode Production and their Effect on Cell Performance 电池电极生产中阳极涂层缺陷的检测及其对电池性能的影响

IF 2.4 3区材料科学

Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation Pub Date : 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1007/s10921-025-01208-7

Stefan W. Zangerle, Lea Weinzierl, Armin Summer, Simon Schmid, Peter Jahnke, Christian U. Grosse

{"title":"Detection of Anode Coating Defects in Batteries Electrode Production and their Effect on Cell Performance","authors":"Stefan W. Zangerle, Lea Weinzierl, Armin Summer, Simon Schmid, Peter Jahnke, Christian U. Grosse","doi":"10.1007/s10921-025-01208-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10921-025-01208-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The transition from combustion engines to electric vehicles drives the growing demand for high-quality lithium-ion batteries. Currently, defective cells are identified at the end of the battery production process during the aging step. Recycling these defective cells is costly and resource-intensive. Therefore, detecting defects earlier in the production process leads to significant cost savings. For that purpose, Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) methods can be applied in-line during battery production. This study examines two NDT methods for detecting coating defects on the anode: laser thermography and optical cameras. Both methods are suitable for in-line inspection. Artificial line and pinhole defects, as well as particle contamination, are introduced for testing the performance of the method using probability of detection curves. The results demonstrate that the optical camera system is superior at detecting particle contamination and point defects, while laser thermography is more effective for identifying line defects. Besides the detectability, the effect of these particles on the cell performance is investigated. The assembled cylindrical cells underwent life cycle testing and were benchmarked against defect-free reference cells. The findings indicate that point defects do not significantly affect cell behaviour. However, line defects and particle contamination on the anodes were observed to impact both the specific capacity over cycles and it’s thermal behaviour.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":655,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"44 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10921-025-01208-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145163523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Novel Detail Enhancement Method for Industrial Digital Radiography Based on Multiscale Pixel-Level Adaptive Fusion 基于多尺度像素级自适应融合的工业数字射线成像细节增强方法

IF 2.4 3区材料科学

Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1007/s10921-025-01197-7

Guancheng Lu, Juan Huang

{"title":"A Novel Detail Enhancement Method for Industrial Digital Radiography Based on Multiscale Pixel-Level Adaptive Fusion","authors":"Guancheng Lu, Juan Huang","doi":"10.1007/s10921-025-01197-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10921-025-01197-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To address the limitations of current methods, such as detail loss, difficulties in enhancing complex features, reliance on powerful computing systems, and difficulties in engineering applications, a novel detail enhancement method for X-ray images in industrial digital radiography is proposed based on multiscale pixel-level adaptive fusion in logarithmic space. In the proposed method, Gaussian convolution is used to construct a multiscale space of the X-ray image. Based on the fact that Gaussian blur and detail enhancement exhibit inverse relationships, the pixel importance for detail enhancement is assessed by the difference between the Gaussian convolved image and the original image. The tanh function and pixel importance for detail enhancement are employed to infer the pixel fusion coefficient, and an enhancement method for X-ray images is achieved through pixel-level adaptive fusion across scales in logarithmic space. The experimental results show that in terms of PSNR, the proposed method improves HE, CLAHE, LCR, DWT, TC-U-NET, and CNN-DEMD by an average of 50.98%, 43.78%, 28.38%, 26.52%, 7.93%, and 5.50%, respectively. The proposed method improves HE, CLAHE, LCR, DWT, TC-U-NET, and CNN-DEMD by an average of 54.68%, 41.40%, 21.95%, 18.65%, 7.04%, and 4.58%, respectively. In terms of SF, the proposed method increases HE, CLAHE, LCR, DWT, TC-U-NET, and CNN-DEMD by an average of 44.48%, 33.25%, 19.56%, 20.13%, 6.17%, and 4.85%, respectively. The experimental findings demonstrate that the proposed method achieves favorable results and exhibits excellent performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":655,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"44 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145161035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research on X-ray Image Fusion Algorithm for Food Foreign Object Detection 食品异物检测中的x射线图像融合算法研究

IF 2.4 3区材料科学

Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1007/s10921-025-01203-y

Jianfeng Yao, Zhenyang Wu, Pengtao Wang, Junchao Ye, Jingxian Wang

{"title":"Research on X-ray Image Fusion Algorithm for Food Foreign Object Detection","authors":"Jianfeng Yao, Zhenyang Wu, Pengtao Wang, Junchao Ye, Jingxian Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10921-025-01203-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10921-025-01203-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the field of non-destructive testing of foreign objects in food, the high cost and low efficiency of manual labeling greatly limit the application of X-ray foreign object detection systems. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes a technique for fusing foreign object images with food images, and the fused images enable the automatic labeling of foreign objects. Firstly, X-ray images of foreign objects and food images were collected, and data augmentation was performed on the foreign object images to increase their diversity. Then the food images were fused with the enhanced foreign object images, and the foreign objects were automatically labeled in the fused food images. Finally, the foreign object detection models Model_Y2 and Model_Y1 were established using the dataset automatically annotated by the image fusion method and the dataset manually collected and annotated by traditional methods. The results demonstrate that the proposed method substantially decreases annotation time by 90% while concurrently improving annotation efficiency and accuracy. Comparatively, Model_Y2 outperforms Model_Y1 with a 4.5% higher mAP@0.5:0.95. This indicates that the method not only enhances data annotation efficiency and quality but also improves the accuracy of X-ray foreign object detection, providing a highly efficient and practical technical solution for the intelligent development of food safety inspection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":655,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"44 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145161138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Point-to-Point Dispersion Estimation of Lamb Waves Lamb波的点对点色散估计

IF 2.4 3区材料科学

Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1007/s10921-025-01200-1

Yu Ruan, Zhibo Yang, Yanfeng Lang, Donglong He, Minyue Lu, Xuefeng Chen

{"title":"Point-to-Point Dispersion Estimation of Lamb Waves","authors":"Yu Ruan, Zhibo Yang, Yanfeng Lang, Donglong He, Minyue Lu, Xuefeng Chen","doi":"10.1007/s10921-025-01200-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10921-025-01200-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents a methodology for estimating group velocities of Lamb waves without requiring prior knowledge of material properties. First, inspired by the FRF approach, the concept of Pseudo time-frequency distribution (PTFD) is introduced to identify the wave component over a relatively wide frequency range from a single measurement. Next, the MDPORE method is used to detect the Time-of-Arrival (ToA) ridge of each mode. The ToA ridge is then employed to calculate the group-velocities, which are further smoothed using an S-G filter. The calculated results are then converted into a wavenumber representation to determine the reference time span of the target mode wave packet at a given distance. Based on this, the direct wave component is extracted from the response and used to calculate the confidence index, which assess the non-linear spectrum modulation of the travelling wave packet. Multiple PTFDs, each with different cycle numbers tone burst excitation, are employed to perform ridge detection for group velocity calculation and confidence level evaluation. Finally, the group-velocity result corresponding to the maximum confidence level is selected as the final result at each frequency point. Numerical and experimental responses of aluminum plates are used to validate the feasibility and robustness of the proposed dispersion estimation method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":655,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"44 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145161139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of Layer Thickness and Disc Orientation on Additively Manufactured Disc-Shaped Reflectors for Ultrasonic Testing 层厚和圆盘方向对增材制造的超声检测圆盘形反射器的影响

IF 2.4 3区材料科学

Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1007/s10921-025-01202-z

Maria Grozdanić, Morana Mihaljević, Hrvoje Cajner, Damir Godec

{"title":"Influence of Layer Thickness and Disc Orientation on Additively Manufactured Disc-Shaped Reflectors for Ultrasonic Testing","authors":"Maria Grozdanić, Morana Mihaljević, Hrvoje Cajner, Damir Godec","doi":"10.1007/s10921-025-01202-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10921-025-01202-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research investigates the impact of additive manufacturing (AM) parameters on the quality of disc-shaped reflectors (DSRs) embedded within test specimens for ultrasonic testing (UT). Using Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) technology on MS1 Maraging Steel, the study focuses on two critical AM parameters influencing the staircase effect: layer thickness and disc orientation. These factors affect the dimensional accuracy, shape, and surface quality of the additively manufactured discs. Discs of 1 mm and 2 mm diameter were produced and evaluated for their suitability as reference reflectors for setting the sensitivity of UT systems. A factorial design of experiments (DOE) was applied to quantify the effects of these parameters on the equivalent reflector size (ERS) of discs using the Distance-Gain-Size (DGS) technique. Results show that disc orientation is the dominant factor affecting ultrasonic response, and consequently, ERS value, with optimal results achieved when discs are embedded in the layer direction (0°). The influence of layer thickness is more pronounced for 1 mm discs, where reducing layer thickness to 20 μm enhances reproducibility. For 2 mm discs, the effect of layer thickness is minimal, allowing for cost-effective production with 50 μm layer thickness. These findings provide guidance for optimising AM process parameters to produce high-quality additively manufactured DSRs, contributing to setting the sensitivity of the UT system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":655,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"44 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145161136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0