美国分子生物学期刊(英文)最新文献

{"title":"Molecular Cloning and Tissue Distribution of Troponin C from the Japanese Pearl Oyster, Pinctada fucata","authors":"D. Funabara, Yoshinori Urakawa, S. Kanoh","doi":"10.4236/AJMB.2018.83014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AJMB.2018.83014","url":null,"abstract":"Troponin is a complex of three proteins (troponin I, troponin C, and troponin T) that binds Ca2+ and is a thin filament-associated regulator of vertebrate striated muscle contraction. The function of troponin I (TnI) in vertebrates has been extensively characterized, but its role in molluscan muscles has not yet been elucidated. Our previous work suggested that the troponin C subunit has a role in adductor phasic muscle but not in catch muscle. Here, we investigated the molecular characteristics of TnI from the bivalve Japanese pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata to aid the elucidation of the function of molluscan muscle troponin. We determined the primary structure of the full-length TnI protein from the P. fucata adductor muscle (Pifuc-TnI) and found that it is composed of 286 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular weight of 33,737. Motif structure predictions and multiple sequence alignments revealed that Pifuc-TnI has a 138 residue extension at its N-terminus compared with rabbit TnI. This is analogous to characterized TnIs from other mollusks. However, unlike scallop TnI, Pifuc-TnI is predicted to contain two cAMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation sites, at residues 39 - 45 (RRGTEDD) and 145 - 151 (KKKSKRK). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Pifuc-TnI and molluscan TnIs were grouped into the same clade. Pifuc-TnI gene structure predictions using Splign alignment of our obtained cDNA and genome sequences indicated that Pifuc-TnI consists of fifteen exons, with the start and stop codons located in exon 2 and exon 11, respectively. Using quantitative real-time PCR, we determined that the Pifuc-TnI gene is predominantly expressed in adductor phasic muscle, weakly in adductor catch muscle, and is not expressed in the gill, mantle or foot. These findings suggest that TnI, as a component of the troponin complex, plays a regulatory role in adductor phasic muscle contraction, but not in catch contraction.","PeriodicalId":65391,"journal":{"name":"美国分子生物学期刊(英文)","volume":"08 1","pages":"29-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43641955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of p27Kip1, A Cell Cycle Repressor Protein with Dual Roles for Both Cancer Prevention and Promotion, Is Regulated Primarily at the Level of Unusual p27Kip1 mRNA—A Short Concept Proposal","authors":"I. Eto","doi":"10.4236/ajmb.2018.83016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajmb.2018.83016","url":null,"abstract":"The p27Kip1 is a cell cycle repressor protein that regulates primarily the cell cycle transition from G1 to S phase and hence the DNA replication is in the S phase and cell division in the M phase. Expression of p27Kip1 protein has dual roles for both cancer prevention and promotion. For example, numerous nutritional and chemopreventive anti-cancer agents specifically increase the expression of p27Kip1 protein without directly affecting the expression of any other cell cycle regulatory proteins. On the other hand, pro-cancer agents (like glucose, insulin and other growth factors frequently seen in obesity and/or diabetes) specifically decrease the expression of p27Kip1 protein without directly affecting the expression of any other cell cycle regulatory proteins. Unlike expression of any other cell cycle regulatory proteins, expression of p27Kip1 protein is very unusual. The mRNA of p27Kip1 has a very long and unusual 5’-untranslated region (from -575 to -1 in human). It appears that the 5’-untranslated region of p27Kip1 mRNA forms two alternative secondary structures. One increases the expression of p27Kip1 protein when anti-cancer agents are added and another decrease the expression of p27K1p1 when pro-cancer agents are added. For this short concept proposal, Dr. Albert Einstein’s “visualized thought experiments (German: Gedanken experiment)” were used as a fundamental tool for understanding how either anti- or pro-cancer agents bring the primary structure of the 5’-untranslated region of p27Kip1 mRNA into two alternative secondary structures, thereby either increasing or decreasing, respectively, the translation initiation of p27Kip1 protein.","PeriodicalId":65391,"journal":{"name":"美国分子生物学期刊(英文)","volume":"08 1","pages":"186-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45901249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Cloning and Expression Analysis of PgLAC in Pomegranate","authors":"L. Dong, F. Xiong, Na Liu, Qi Wang, Shuiming Zhang","doi":"10.4236/ajmb.2018.83012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajmb.2018.83012","url":null,"abstract":"Decreasing the hardness of pomegranate seeds by reducing the content of lignin is an effective way to develop soft-seeded pomegranate. Laccases (LAC) is a key regulatory factor in lignin synthesis. The full-length sequence of PgLAC was obtained from “Punica granatum cv. Hongyushizi”, by using RACE and RT-PCR methods. PgLAC had an open reading frame of 1716 bp and encoded a protein of 571 amino acids. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that PgLAC was most closely related to the LAC5 ortholog identified in Eucalyptus grandis (EgLAC5). Expression analysis showed that expression of PgLAC was higher in “Hongyushizi”, while lower in “Huiliruanzi” and “Tunisiruanzi”; PgLAC was predominantly expressed in stems; From 20 to 80 days after full bloom, the expression of PgLAC increased and reached a maximum at 80 d, then gradually decreased. These results suggested that PgLAC may be a candidate gene for reducing the hardness of pomegranate seeds.","PeriodicalId":65391,"journal":{"name":"美国分子生物学期刊(英文)","volume":"08 1","pages":"145-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46268595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizing Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) as a Resolving Matrix in Parental Dispute DNA Analysis","authors":"G. Simeon, Alade Tolulope Olukemi","doi":"10.4236/ajmb.2018.83013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajmb.2018.83013","url":null,"abstract":"Interest in DNA analysis using short tandem repeats (STR) as finger printing tools in forensic medicine has gained tremendous application, as expression of these nuclear factors have enhanced forensic examination. Here we used this Biochemical characterization after conventional extraction process, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), gel electrophoresiss and a sequencer to distinguish and resolve parental dispute. The differential migration of labeled DNA fragments which attains excitation energy with a laser elicits fluorescent light of different wavelength depending on the dye used. A data collection software (Genemapper) collects raw data (spectrograph) and converts it to an electropherogram that is interpreted. By comparing the DNA profiles, inclusion and exclusion criteria were elucidated to resolve disputes. The inherent discriminating power of STRs used in analysis enhances resolution of cell mixtures, genetic aberration, substantiation of tissue origin and provides genetic distinction which is a robust and reliable approach in resolving parental disputes.","PeriodicalId":65391,"journal":{"name":"美国分子生物学期刊(英文)","volume":"08 1","pages":"156-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44780879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro Chromosomal Aberration Frequency by Electrofishing on Poecilia latipinna (Sailfin Molly) Fishes in Southern of Iraq","authors":"M. A. Ali, M. H. Mohammed, Marwa K. Sadeq","doi":"10.4236/ajmb.2018.82010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajmb.2018.82010","url":null,"abstract":"The present studies describe Chromosomal aberration effects of electrofishing, which were evaluated on Poecilia latipinna, located in Shat Al-Arab river in Al-garmma city (south of Iraq). The electrofishing derive used in work is simulated to that used in the commercial fishing. The apparatus generates voltage ranged from 40 to 280 volts. Nine bearers of Poecilia latipinna sailfin molly fish in chromosomal analysis were divided into three treatments. The first were a control, the fishes of the second were exposed to 110 volts (10 seconds), and final groups were exposed to 110 volts (15 seconds). Mitotic index of the electrofishing with a control for each group decreased with increasing exposed time in somatic cell kidney tissue of Poecilia latipinna. The chromosome aberration analysis revealed a significant increase in the most frequent aberration per 150 metaphase in analyzed groups (1.33 in T1 groups, 39.33 in T2 groups) was chromosome break, fragment, range chromosome, Sticky chromosome mean, were higher in comparison to non exposed electrical shock fishing groups (control groups T1). At the same time, it showed a higher positive correlation of total chromosome aberration frequencies between T1 and T2 groups, while, all fishes died in T3 groups. According to our results, we represented the first record in Iraq.","PeriodicalId":65391,"journal":{"name":"美国分子生物学期刊(英文)","volume":"08 1","pages":"109-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42451582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DNA Barcoding of Common Commercial Sea Catfish (Genus: Plicofollis) from Kuwait","authors":"Bahia Al-Zafiri, Mahmoud Magdy, R. Ali, M. Rashed","doi":"10.4236/AJMB.2018.82009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AJMB.2018.82009","url":null,"abstract":"Kuwait fish market is one of the richest markets of native marine fish species. Sea catfishes are not very important in economic point of view, and only few of them (four species) are present and mistakenly, they all named (Chem). Using DNA barcode technique, the common sea catfish present in the East major fish market (Sharq) was analyzed. Based on the most common species ID databases (Barcoding of life database, BOLD and NCBI database), the most proposal identification that is compatible with major survey in 1997, the sea catfish is Plicofollis tenuispinis, the thin-spin sea catfish with similarity 100% and phylogenetic support of 78% bootstrap value. This is the first application of DNA barcode technique to thin-spine sea catfish of Kuwait.","PeriodicalId":65391,"journal":{"name":"美国分子生物学期刊(英文)","volume":"08 1","pages":"102-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45536840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Diversity of a Seemingly Altitude Restricted Ustilago kamerunensis Isolates in Kenya: A Pathogen of Napier Grass","authors":"D. Omayio, D. Musyimi, F. Muyekho, S. Ajanga, C. Midega, C. Wekesa, Patrick Okoth, I. Kariuki","doi":"10.4236/AJMB.2018.82011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AJMB.2018.82011","url":null,"abstract":"The Central region of Kenya which is the second largest market oriented dairy zone, faces a threat in milk production. The challenge is a disease known as the napier head smut caused by Ustilago kamerunensis. This fungal microorganism is a facultative pathogen which has been reported to cause yield losses in napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) ranging from 25% to 46% across the affected areas. Additionally, there are reports of the continual spread of the disease into neighbouring county of Nakuru in Rift-Valley region which is the leading milk producing zone in the country. This scenario of spread is worrying combined with observation of variations in damage levels of napier grass clones across the five counties of Central Kenya. These observations led to the hypothesis that possible differences might be existing among the Ustilago kamerunensis variants in Kenya. Further, the differences in biomass yield losses that are within a certain percentage range mentioned-above, seemed to support the existence of possible differences. Therefore, to inform effective integrated management strategies of the pathogen in case it’s co-evolving, this study sought to determine the molecular differences of Ustilago kamerunensis isolates in affected counties using ITS 1 and 2 regions which are spanned by 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene. The Ustilago kamerunensis propagules were systematically collected from affected counties’ hot spot areas for sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The study revealed the most affected areas to be within the mean altitude level of 1988.17 ± 71.97 metres above sea level. Further, differences in the growth in vitro and molecular characteristics of the seemingly altitude restricted isolates were observed. The Kiambu, Nyandarau and Nakuru counties isolates clustered together, whereas those of Murang’a, Nyeri and Kirinyaga formed another clade. The sequences of sixteen Ustilago kamerunensis isolates were deposited in GenBank with accession numbers ranging from MG722754 to MG722769. The results suggest the existence of possible genetic divergence of the isolates which might be reflected in their pathogenic potential too. Effective integration of management strategies is vital towards slowing the phenomenon for an optimal mitigation of the disease in Kenya.","PeriodicalId":65391,"journal":{"name":"美国分子生物学期刊(英文)","volume":"08 1","pages":"119-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42553108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and Functional Analysis of the Regulation of Branching by Isopentenyl Transferase Gene CmIPT1 in Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. ‘Jinba’","authors":"Abdurazak Ishak, L. Dong, H. Rong, Shuiming Zhang, Liangjun Zhao","doi":"10.4236/AJMB.2018.82008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AJMB.2018.82008","url":null,"abstract":"Today’s chrysanthemums are highly evolved flowering plants and they are considered as one of the most important ornamental cut flowers. In this research an isopentenyl transferase gene named CmIPT1 was isolated from Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. ‘Jinba’ using RACE and RT-PCR methods. The full cDNA sequence of CmIPT1 was 873 bp which encoded a deduced protein of 290 amino acids. It contained GxxGxGKS which is a conserved sequence of the typical domain of IPT family. The phylogenetic tree analysis of CmIPT1 in Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. ‘Jinba’ shows that it has the closest relationship with CcIPT1 in Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus. Expression of CmIPT1 was higher in stems and apex, whereas it was lower in leaves and roots. And the overexpression of CmIPT1 obviously increased the number of rosette branches in Arabidopsis. Here, in our study, we showed that CmIPT1 is a positive regulator of branch development in Chrysanthemum and may play a key role in regulating lateral branch formation of Chrysanthemum plants.","PeriodicalId":65391,"journal":{"name":"美国分子生物学期刊(英文)","volume":"08 1","pages":"92-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45168516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cisplatin Inhibits AhR Activation","authors":"Erina Sasaki-Kudoh, Ikuru Kudo, Yuka Kakizaki, Miki Hosaka, S. Ikeda, S. Uemura, Ewa Grave, Shuntaro Togashi, T. Sugawara, Hiroaki Shimizu, H. Itoh","doi":"10.4236/AJMB.2018.81006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AJMB.2018.81006","url":null,"abstract":"The AhR binds to contain ligands, such as 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 3-methylcholantrene, or β-naphthoflavone. The activation mechanism of AhR is not yet fully understood, but it is known that AhR associates with the molecular chaperone HSP90 in the cytoplasm. There are a few reports about the association or dissociation of AhR and HSP90, and which domain of HSP90 binds to AhR. We reported the association and activation mechanisms between HSP90 and AhR-PAS or AhR-bHLH. In the current study, we found that cisplatin inhibits the AhR activation. Although ATP and 17-DMAG have no effect on the dissociation of HSP90 from AhR, some contents of HSP90 were dissociated from AhR in the presence of cisplatin. We could detect the increase of CYP1A in the presence of 3-MC. On the contrary, the induction of CYP1A1 was inhibited in the presence of cisplatin. We couldn’t detect AhR in the HeLa cell soluble fraction in the presence of 50 μM cisplatin. In the presence of MG-132, we could detect AhR. These results suggested that AhR was dissociated from the HSP90 chaperone complex and processed during the protein proteasome degradation system in the presence of cisplatin.","PeriodicalId":65391,"journal":{"name":"美国分子生物学期刊(英文)","volume":"08 1","pages":"69-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42931365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Polymorphisms of Nervous System Development and the Risk of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder","authors":"D. Avetyan, A. Arakelyan, G. Mkrtchyan","doi":"10.4236/AJMB.2018.81005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AJMB.2018.81005","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex severe polygenic psychiatric disease, influenced by environmental and genetic factors. PTSD development and progression is characterized by cognitive impairment, which may result in altered processes of nervous system development and synaptic plasticity, where a number of growth factors and their receptors were shown to play important role. Since neurotrophins play an essential role in the development of central nervous system, it is widely implicated in psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential association functional polymorphisms of genes encoding netrin G1 (NTNG1), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF) and its receptor (NGFR) with PTSD. Methods: Study groups consisted of 200 combat veterans with PTSD and an equal number of controls with no family or past history of any psychiatric disorders. The DNA samples were genotyped for NTNG1 rs62811; BDNF rs6265; NGF rs6330, rs4839435; NGFR rs11466155, rs734194 SNPs using polymerase chain reaction with sequence specific primers. Results: According to the results, NGF rs6330 was overrepresented in patients with PTSD compared to controls. Furthermore, negative association for BDNF rs6265, NGF rs4839435 and NGFR rs734194 was observed in PTSD patients. Conclusions: In summary, BDNF rs6265, NGF rs6330, rs4839435 and NGFR rs734194 are implicated in PTSD in Armenian population. However, further research is required to provide the definitive evidence of selected polymorphism association with gene expression.","PeriodicalId":65391,"journal":{"name":"美国分子生物学期刊(英文)","volume":"08 1","pages":"58-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47284798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}