美国分子生物学期刊(英文)最新文献

{"title":"DNA Barcoding of Common Commercial Sea Catfish (Genus: Plicofollis) from Kuwait","authors":"Bahia Al-Zafiri, Mahmoud Magdy, R. Ali, M. Rashed","doi":"10.4236/AJMB.2018.82009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AJMB.2018.82009","url":null,"abstract":"Kuwait fish market is one of the richest markets of native marine fish species. Sea catfishes are not very important in economic point of view, and only few of them (four species) are present and mistakenly, they all named (Chem). Using DNA barcode technique, the common sea catfish present in the East major fish market (Sharq) was analyzed. Based on the most common species ID databases (Barcoding of life database, BOLD and NCBI database), the most proposal identification that is compatible with major survey in 1997, the sea catfish is Plicofollis tenuispinis, the thin-spin sea catfish with similarity 100% and phylogenetic support of 78% bootstrap value. This is the first application of DNA barcode technique to thin-spine sea catfish of Kuwait.","PeriodicalId":65391,"journal":{"name":"美国分子生物学期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45536840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Diversity of a Seemingly Altitude Restricted Ustilago kamerunensis Isolates in Kenya: A Pathogen of Napier Grass","authors":"D. Omayio, D. Musyimi, F. Muyekho, S. Ajanga, C. Midega, C. Wekesa, Patrick Okoth, I. Kariuki","doi":"10.4236/AJMB.2018.82011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AJMB.2018.82011","url":null,"abstract":"The Central region of Kenya which is the second largest market oriented dairy zone, faces a threat in milk production. The challenge is a disease known as the napier head smut caused by Ustilago kamerunensis. This fungal microorganism is a facultative pathogen which has been reported to cause yield losses in napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) ranging from 25% to 46% across the affected areas. Additionally, there are reports of the continual spread of the disease into neighbouring county of Nakuru in Rift-Valley region which is the leading milk producing zone in the country. This scenario of spread is worrying combined with observation of variations in damage levels of napier grass clones across the five counties of Central Kenya. These observations led to the hypothesis that possible differences might be existing among the Ustilago kamerunensis variants in Kenya. Further, the differences in biomass yield losses that are within a certain percentage range mentioned-above, seemed to support the existence of possible differences. Therefore, to inform effective integrated management strategies of the pathogen in case it’s co-evolving, this study sought to determine the molecular differences of Ustilago kamerunensis isolates in affected counties using ITS 1 and 2 regions which are spanned by 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene. The Ustilago kamerunensis propagules were systematically collected from affected counties’ hot spot areas for sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The study revealed the most affected areas to be within the mean altitude level of 1988.17 ± 71.97 metres above sea level. Further, differences in the growth in vitro and molecular characteristics of the seemingly altitude restricted isolates were observed. The Kiambu, Nyandarau and Nakuru counties isolates clustered together, whereas those of Murang’a, Nyeri and Kirinyaga formed another clade. The sequences of sixteen Ustilago kamerunensis isolates were deposited in GenBank with accession numbers ranging from MG722754 to MG722769. The results suggest the existence of possible genetic divergence of the isolates which might be reflected in their pathogenic potential too. Effective integration of management strategies is vital towards slowing the phenomenon for an optimal mitigation of the disease in Kenya.","PeriodicalId":65391,"journal":{"name":"美国分子生物学期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42553108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and Functional Analysis of the Regulation of Branching by Isopentenyl Transferase Gene CmIPT1 in Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. ‘Jinba’","authors":"Abdurazak Ishak, L. Dong, H. Rong, Shuiming Zhang, Liangjun Zhao","doi":"10.4236/AJMB.2018.82008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AJMB.2018.82008","url":null,"abstract":"Today’s chrysanthemums are highly evolved flowering plants and they are considered as one of the most important ornamental cut flowers. In this research an isopentenyl transferase gene named CmIPT1 was isolated from Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. ‘Jinba’ using RACE and RT-PCR methods. The full cDNA sequence of CmIPT1 was 873 bp which encoded a deduced protein of 290 amino acids. It contained GxxGxGKS which is a conserved sequence of the typical domain of IPT family. The phylogenetic tree analysis of CmIPT1 in Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. ‘Jinba’ shows that it has the closest relationship with CcIPT1 in Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus. Expression of CmIPT1 was higher in stems and apex, whereas it was lower in leaves and roots. And the overexpression of CmIPT1 obviously increased the number of rosette branches in Arabidopsis. Here, in our study, we showed that CmIPT1 is a positive regulator of branch development in Chrysanthemum and may play a key role in regulating lateral branch formation of Chrysanthemum plants.","PeriodicalId":65391,"journal":{"name":"美国分子生物学期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45168516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cisplatin Inhibits AhR Activation","authors":"Erina Sasaki-Kudoh, Ikuru Kudo, Yuka Kakizaki, Miki Hosaka, S. Ikeda, S. Uemura, Ewa Grave, Shuntaro Togashi, T. Sugawara, Hiroaki Shimizu, H. Itoh","doi":"10.4236/AJMB.2018.81006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AJMB.2018.81006","url":null,"abstract":"The AhR binds to contain ligands, such as 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 3-methylcholantrene, or β-naphthoflavone. The activation mechanism of AhR is not yet fully understood, but it is known that AhR associates with the molecular chaperone HSP90 in the cytoplasm. There are a few reports about the association or dissociation of AhR and HSP90, and which domain of HSP90 binds to AhR. We reported the association and activation mechanisms between HSP90 and AhR-PAS or AhR-bHLH. In the current study, we found that cisplatin inhibits the AhR activation. Although ATP and 17-DMAG have no effect on the dissociation of HSP90 from AhR, some contents of HSP90 were dissociated from AhR in the presence of cisplatin. We could detect the increase of CYP1A in the presence of 3-MC. On the contrary, the induction of CYP1A1 was inhibited in the presence of cisplatin. We couldn’t detect AhR in the HeLa cell soluble fraction in the presence of 50 μM cisplatin. In the presence of MG-132, we could detect AhR. These results suggested that AhR was dissociated from the HSP90 chaperone complex and processed during the protein proteasome degradation system in the presence of cisplatin.","PeriodicalId":65391,"journal":{"name":"美国分子生物学期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42931365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Polymorphisms of Nervous System Development and the Risk of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder","authors":"D. Avetyan, A. Arakelyan, G. Mkrtchyan","doi":"10.4236/AJMB.2018.81005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AJMB.2018.81005","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex severe polygenic psychiatric disease, influenced by environmental and genetic factors. PTSD development and progression is characterized by cognitive impairment, which may result in altered processes of nervous system development and synaptic plasticity, where a number of growth factors and their receptors were shown to play important role. Since neurotrophins play an essential role in the development of central nervous system, it is widely implicated in psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential association functional polymorphisms of genes encoding netrin G1 (NTNG1), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF) and its receptor (NGFR) with PTSD. Methods: Study groups consisted of 200 combat veterans with PTSD and an equal number of controls with no family or past history of any psychiatric disorders. The DNA samples were genotyped for NTNG1 rs62811; BDNF rs6265; NGF rs6330, rs4839435; NGFR rs11466155, rs734194 SNPs using polymerase chain reaction with sequence specific primers. Results: According to the results, NGF rs6330 was overrepresented in patients with PTSD compared to controls. Furthermore, negative association for BDNF rs6265, NGF rs4839435 and NGFR rs734194 was observed in PTSD patients. Conclusions: In summary, BDNF rs6265, NGF rs6330, rs4839435 and NGFR rs734194 are implicated in PTSD in Armenian population. However, further research is required to provide the definitive evidence of selected polymorphism association with gene expression.","PeriodicalId":65391,"journal":{"name":"美国分子生物学期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47284798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Oral Administration of Camel Milk and Urine on Gut Microbiota: Biochemical and Microbiological Profiling in Rats","authors":"S. Noor, Manal S. Alenini","doi":"10.4236/AJMB.2018.81001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AJMB.2018.81001","url":null,"abstract":"Human intestinal tract contained a diverse number of microbial communities which performed a significant role in human health. The presence of gut microbiota was affected mainly by diet. Camel milk is the source of nutrition and provides all the essential nutrients for growth. It has great significance in the treatment of liver, spleen, and anemic infections. Camel urine has also many medical advantages. In this study we examined the effect of camel milk and urine and a mixture of both (milk + urine) on the growth of Gut microbiota using an in vivo animal model. Fresh fecal samples were collected before and after administration of the tested materials. After that, the microbial analysis was conducted via culturing, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and metabolic analysis via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The result indicated that the numbers of bacterial groups were increased after the first dose. Coliform group have significant increase when given a mix of milk and urine compared to control group with P < 0.05. Bifidobacterium group have significant increase in their number in the Milk and Mix groups compared to control group with P < 0.05. The concentration of Short-chain fatty acids in fecal samples was increased in Milk and Mix groups compared to control group. In conclusion, drinking camal milk, urine or a mix of both increased the growth of Gut microbiota.","PeriodicalId":65391,"journal":{"name":"美国分子生物学期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70513193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An in silico Analysis of Upstream Regulatory Modules (URMs) of Tapetum Specific Genes to Identify Regulatory cis -Elements and Transcription Factors","authors":"P. Sharma, P. Burma","doi":"10.4236/AJMB.2018.81002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AJMB.2018.81002","url":null,"abstract":"The present work presents an iin silicoi analysis of Upstream Regulatory Modules (URMs) of genes expressed in tapetum specific manner in dicotyledon and monocotyledon plants. In the current analysis, we identified several motifs conserved in these URMs of which ten were observed to be part of known icisi-elements using tools and databases like MEME, PLACE, MAST and TFSEARCH. We also identified that binding sites for two transcription factors, DOF and WRKY71 were found to be present in majority of the URMs.","PeriodicalId":65391,"journal":{"name":"美国分子生物学期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70513202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data Analysis of Multiplex Sequencing at SOLiD Platform: A Probabilistic Approach to Characterization and Reliability Increase","authors":"F. Lobato, C. Damasceno, Daniela Soares Leite, Â. Ribeiro-dos-Santos, Sylvain Darnet, C. L. Francês, N. Vijaykumar, Á. Santana","doi":"10.4236/AJMB.2018.81003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AJMB.2018.81003","url":null,"abstract":"New sequencing technologies such as Illumina/Solexa, SOLiD/ABI, and 454/Roche, revolutionized the biological researches. In this context, the SOLiD platform has a particular sequencing type, known as multiplex run, which enables the sequencing of several samples in a single run. It implies in cost reduction and simplifies the analysis of related samples. Meanwhile, this sequencing type requires an additional filtering step to ensure the reliability of the results. Thus, we propose in this paper a probabilistic model which considers the intrinsic characteristics of each sequencing to characterize multiplex runs and filter low-quality data, increasing the data analysis reliability of multiplex sequencing performed on SOLiD. The results show that the proposed model proves to be satisfactory due to: 1) identification of faults in the sequencing process; 2) adaptation and development of new protocols for sample preparation; 3) the assignment of a degree of confidence to the data generated; and 4) guiding a filtering process, without discarding useful sequences in an arbitrary manner.","PeriodicalId":65391,"journal":{"name":"美国分子生物学期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70513239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenetics and Molecular Divergence of Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis Species) Using Mitochondrial D-Loop and Cytochrome b Regions","authors":"E. Ekerette, E. Ikpeme, O. Udensi, M. Ozoje, O. Etukudo, A. Umoyen, So Durosaro, M. Wheto","doi":"10.4236/AJMB.2018.81004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AJMB.2018.81004","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the level of genetic diversity in any population is an important requisite towards strategizing measures for conservation and improvement of stocks. This study focused on the assessment of phylogenetics and molecular divergence of tilapia fish species obtained from two populations (Domita in South-South and Odeda in South-West, Nigeria) using the displacement loop (D-loop) and cytochrome b region of the mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA). A total of 28 samples (15 from South-South and 13 from South-West) were used for the genetic analysis. DNA was extracted from the tissue of all the samples using Quik-gDNATM miniPrep kit. The D-loop containing the hypervariable region was sequenced for all samples from the two populations, while cytochrome b (Cyt b) region of mtDNA was only sequenced for samples from South-South population. Chromatograms of the sequences were viewed and edited using Bioedit software. Multiple sequence alignment was carried out using molecular evolutionary genetic analysis (MEGA) software before subsequent genetic analyses. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the samples into two clusters based on population. Also, when the two mitochondrial regions were pooled together, they clustered into two major groups based on mitochondrial regions. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed 37.32% variation within population and 62.68% variation among population with a significant fixation index of 0.627 (p < 0.05). The genetic distance inferred between D-loop regions of South-South and South-West populations was 0.243. Maternal lineage analysis revealed that the origin of tilapia fish from both populations could be traced to Oreochromis spirilus and Oreochromis leucostictus based on mitochondrial D-loop region. The findings of this study revealed molecular divergence among the tilapia populations and may serve as pivot information for the genetic improvement of this important species.","PeriodicalId":65391,"journal":{"name":"美国分子生物学期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70513255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycobacterium bovis BCG as a Delivery System for the dtb Gene Antigen from Diphtheria Toxin","authors":"D. Nascimento, O. Dellagostin, D. S. Matos, D. McIntosh, R. Hirata, G. M. Pereira, A. Mattos-Guaraldi, G. R. Armôa","doi":"10.4236/AJMB.2017.74014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AJMB.2017.74014","url":null,"abstract":"Diphtheria is a fulminant bacterial disease caused by toxigenic strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae whose local and systemic manifestations are due to the action of the diphtheria toxin (DT). The vaccine which is used to prevent diphtheria worldwide is a toxoid obtained by detoxifying DT. Although associated with high efficacy in the prevention of disease, the current anti-diphtheria vaccine, one of the components of DTP (diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis triple vaccine), may present post vaccination effects such as toxicity and reactogenicity resulting from the presence of contaminants in the vaccine that originated during the process of production and/or detoxification. Therefore, strategies to develop a less toxic and at the same time economically viable vaccine alternatives are needed to improve existing vaccines in use worldwide. In this study, the Moreau substrain of BCG which is used in Brazil as a live vaccine against human tuberculosis was genetically modified to carry and express the gene encoding for the diphtheria toxin fragment B (DTB). As such, the DNA sequence encoding the dtb gene was cloned into the pUS977 shuttle vector for cytoplasmic expression and successfully introduced into BCG cells by electroporation. Mice immunized with recombinant BCG expressing DTB showed seroconversion with the detection of specific antibodies against DTB. Also, rBCGs stably expressing DTB persisted up to 60 days in the absence of selective pressure in mice and cell viability did not change significantly during the period tested. Finally, immune sera from BALB/c mice vaccinated with rBCGpUS977dtbPW8 were preliminarily tested for their capacity of neutralizing the diphtheria toxin in the Vero Cells assay.","PeriodicalId":65391,"journal":{"name":"美国分子生物学期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43115268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}