{"title":"Silicon models of lateral inhibition","authors":"S. Wolpert, E. Micheli-Tzanakou","doi":"10.1109/MWSCAS.1991.251995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSCAS.1991.251995","url":null,"abstract":"Lateral inhibition is characterized in two CMOS VLSI-based sensory arrays with different pixel geometries and inhibitory algorithms. In these arrays, each sensory pixel inhibits, and in turn, is inhibited by each of its immediate neighbors. Test results indicate that both circuits are able to enhance the contrast of arbitrary two-dimensional images, and do so in a manner that is dynamically stable. Achieving this enhancement on sensory images immediately and simultaneously, this operation offers performance at a level not obtainable by software methods. As such, it is well suited for machine vision systems that utilize parallel architectures.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":6453,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the 34th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems","volume":"41 1","pages":"788-791 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87535325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A soft starting AC voltage regulator","authors":"K. J. Herman","doi":"10.1109/MWSCAS.1991.252155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSCAS.1991.252155","url":null,"abstract":"A circuit has been designed and proven successful in protecting devices from sudden full power activity. This has been accomplished by using an active device as a varying resistance dependent on the supply voltage. The active device first appears as a large resistance and slowly decreases to a near-zero resistance, allowing all the voltage of the supply to be seen at the load. Other irregularities such as amplitude variation may be detected by a controlling circuit, which would also vary the gate-to-source voltage accordingly.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":6453,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the 34th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems","volume":"32 1","pages":"184-185 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87762279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the stability of adaptive controllers for robotic manipulators","authors":"G. M. Nicoletti","doi":"10.1109/MWSCAS.1991.251979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSCAS.1991.251979","url":null,"abstract":"The design of an adaptive force and position control system with adjustable gains for robotic manipulators is presented. The design is based on a hybrid feedforward-feedback architecture. The force control module is developed in a feedforward loop and is governed by a control law which includes time-dependent proportional, integral and derivative gains. The position control module is developed in a feedback loop and is governed by a linear adaptive control law which include position, velocity, and acceleration gains. The control gains are continually adapted according to well-defined adaptation schemes formulated to minimize force and position error signals, respectively. Stability considerations in the sense of Lyapunov are formulated, and an outline of a proposed simulation scheme is presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":6453,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the 34th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems","volume":"11 1","pages":"950-953 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88439844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A universal circuit for studying chaos in Chua's circuit family","authors":"G. Lin","doi":"10.1109/MWSCAS.1991.251999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSCAS.1991.251999","url":null,"abstract":"The author presents a canonical piecewise-linear circuit capable of realizing every member of Chua's circuit family. It contains only six two-terminal elements; five of them are linear resistors, capacitors, and inductors, and only one element is a three-segment piecewise-linear resistor. It is canonical in the sense that: it can exhibit all possible phenomena associated with any three-region symmetric piecewise-linear continuous vector field, and it contains the minimum number of circuit elements needed for such a circuit. Using this circuit, many chaotic attractors which have not been observed before have been found. Among them, the author reports on a special example: a nonfractal chaotic attractor.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":6453,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the 34th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems","volume":"5 1","pages":"772-775 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88320115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. A. Rabou, H. Ikeda, J. Li, H. Yoshida, S. Shinohara, E. Tsuchiya, K. Nishimura
{"title":"70 MHz fiber optic transmission from satellite DBS receiving antenna","authors":"N. A. Rabou, H. Ikeda, J. Li, H. Yoshida, S. Shinohara, E. Tsuchiya, K. Nishimura","doi":"10.1109/MWSCAS.1991.252025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSCAS.1991.252025","url":null,"abstract":"A broadcast satellite signal after conversion into an intermediate frequency (IF) signal at 70 MHz has been transmitted through an optical fiber in order to distribute the signal to the DBS (direct broadcasting satellite) receiver in a remote location. Based on experiments, it was found that a fiber-optic link allowed the designers to have greater flexibility than coaxial cables, and that light emitting diodes were attractive not only in terms of cost-effectiveness but also in terms of simplicity. The optical transmitter and receiver circuits built for experimental use were inexpensive and simple in circuit configuration. The distortion factor of the audio signal was less than 1% with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 70 dB. The differential gain and differential phase of the fiber-optic transmission system were less than 1% and 1 degree, respectively, and the SNR of the video signal was 46 dB.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":6453,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the 34th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems","volume":"2 1","pages":"662-665 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87042216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PC-based human face recognition system","authors":"R. Y. Wong, James Calia","doi":"10.1109/MWSCAS.1991.252031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSCAS.1991.252031","url":null,"abstract":"Measurements from features of a human such as eyes, nose, mouth, and face profile are used for face recognition. Images of human faces, each 256*200 in size with 64 shades of gray, are stored in a gray-level referenced file. Face matchings were performed in two stages. In the first stage, image processing techniques were used to extract six features from each of the gray-level images. Each face is represented by a vector of six dimensions and is stored in the six-feature referenced file along with the gray-level images. The same features from an unlabeled face were then extracted and a search was performed to locate the most likely candidates in the six-feature file. Computations were greatly simplified since matching was based on six numbers and many of the unlikely candidates were eliminated at this stage. The second stage involved the matching of all facial features of the unlabeled face to those of the most likely candidates in the gray-level file. Time required to match a face was greatly reduced since comparison of all facial features was done on relatively fewer most likely candidates. Experimental results indicated that with a small referenced file of ten persons the system was able to correctly classify unlabeled faces 80% of the time. Currently a computing time of 15 minutes is needed for each classification.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":6453,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the 34th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems","volume":"27 1","pages":"641-644 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87691820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Small signal analysis of parallel resonant converters","authors":"K. Siri, I. Batarseh, C. Q. Lee","doi":"10.1109/MWSCAS.1991.252006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSCAS.1991.252006","url":null,"abstract":"The small signal analysis of the conventional parallel resonant converter (PRC), operating in the continuous conduction mode, is presented. This analysis is based on the state-plane diagram approach that has been successfully applied to the steady-state analysis of resonant converters. Using the perturbation method on the steady-state trajectory, a discrete small signal model for the converter can be derived from the input voltage, controlled switching frequency, and state variable perturbations. It can be shown that this method of analysis can be applied to resonant converters in general. Using the derived small signal model, the frequency response of the PRC can be calculated. Simulated and experimental results verify the theoretical approach.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":6453,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the 34th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems","volume":"35 1","pages":"739-742 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85476116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A neural network to approximate nonlinear functions","authors":"A. Bernardini, S. de Fina","doi":"10.1109/MWSCAS.1991.252103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSCAS.1991.252103","url":null,"abstract":"A neural network approach to the problem of approximating any nonlinear continuous function is provided. The results obtained are related to the single-variable case, but the main conclusions can be generalized for the multidimensional case. The net is a modified perceptron with one hidden layer of sigmoidal units and two intermediate output linear units that are linearly combined to provide the final mapping. In particular, the problem concerning the starting weight configuration and the conditions that guarantee the correct learning with a random setting is analyzed. Other neural computations providing similar solutions to the approximation problem suffer from convergence to a local minimum if the starting network configuration is arbitrarily chosen, thus requiring a previous computation of the interpolating parameters that provides a weights setting quite close to the global optimum. In the present approach, one of the intermediate outputs is somewhat related to the curve derivative so that the overall net behavior can be viewed as a curve derivative integrator in which the second output is related to the constant term to be added to the undefined integral calculation. Simulation results, obtained after randomly setting the starting weight configuration, show excellent performance for all the trained functions.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":6453,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the 34th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"545-548 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82121401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Factorizations and complex normalization of scattering matrices","authors":"W.-K. Chen, Qiang-Zhong. Zha","doi":"10.1109/MWSCAS.1991.252012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSCAS.1991.252012","url":null,"abstract":"It is shown that different factorizations of the even parts of the complex load impedances result in different complex normalized scattering matrices. Relationships between the complex normalized scattering matrix of a network and the unit normalized scattering matrix of its augmented network are given, making it possible to unify many of the existing results.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":6453,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the 34th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems","volume":"124 1","pages":"716-718 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80065488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A new parallel technique for design of decrement/increment and two's complement circuits","authors":"R. Hashemian, C. P. Chen","doi":"10.1109/MWSCAS.1991.252070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MWSCAS.1991.252070","url":null,"abstract":"A novel design technique for the construction of a decrement/increment and two's complement (DIT) circuit is presented. The technique is shown to be highly efficient of both in terms silicon area consumption and time. More interestingly, it is shown that the operation delay is almost independent of the word size, and hence the method is best used for high-density codes. Structurally, the circuit is made of two parallel paths: one for the input data and one for the generation of the control signal to be utilized for DIT operation through the data path. The circuit is designed and simulated for 64-bit word length using CMOS technology. For the worst-case situation, a 14.7 ns response time is reported.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":6453,"journal":{"name":"[1991] Proceedings of the 34th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems","volume":"80 1","pages":"887-890 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80970607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}