Peining Li, Shouren Wang, Zhen Xiao, Yang Li, Luyu Zhang, Gaoqi Wang
{"title":"Preparing a Superhydrophobic Coating with Anti-corrosion and Drag-Reduction Properties on an Aluminum Substrate","authors":"Peining Li, Shouren Wang, Zhen Xiao, Yang Li, Luyu Zhang, Gaoqi Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11665-025-11024-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11665-025-11024-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Underwater vehicles can conduct underwater exploration and military rescue operations and play a significant role in marine economic development and national defense. The fluid resistance control and corrosion resistance of underwater vehicles are essential indexes for evaluating the performance of underwater vehicles in particular marine environments and harsh conditions. The 7075 aluminum alloy, widely used in spacecraft shells, was selected as the material. We prepared a drag-reduction and robust surface based on shark skin by laser-ablation and plasma electrolytic oxidation. Then, the surface free energy was further modified by chemical modification. The ceramic coating exhibited superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 155.6° and roll-off angle (RA) of 5.5°. Compared with Bare Al, the corrosion current density of the superhydrophobic ceramic coating was reduced by 4 orders of magnitude since ZnO-NPs could notably enhance the corrosion resistance of Al alloys. Moreover, due to the protective effect of the ceramic coating and microstructure, the superhydrophobic coating exhibited excellent mechanical durability. Based on numerical simulation, the drag reduction effect of biomimetic microstructure under different Reynolds numbers was investigated. The experimental results indicated that biomimetic microstructure demonstrated notable drag reduction capabilities compared to smooth surfaces, stabilizing at approximately 28% during laminar flow states. Thus, applying this coating method to the underwater vehicle shell was expected to reduce the fluid resistance and extend the operational lifespan in the marine corrosive environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","volume":"34 20","pages":"23435 - 23451"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145284391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Bianchi, A. Forcellese, C. Mignanelli, M. Simoncini, T. Verdini
{"title":"Development and Life Cycle Analyses of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Tubular Parts for Metal Replacement in Aerospace Applications","authors":"I. Bianchi, A. Forcellese, C. Mignanelli, M. Simoncini, T. Verdini","doi":"10.1007/s11665-025-11009-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11665-025-11009-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reducing the weight of aircraft components is a key strategy to improve fuel efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Innovative materials such as carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) and manufacturing techniques represent a possible solution for improved sustainability in the aerospace sector. In this context, this paper presents the design and the evaluation of the environmental and economic impacts of a CFRP tubular structural component, employed for supporting passenger seats of commercial aircraft, realized with the innovative FW process. At first, a simulation of the winding process was conducted to define the component layers, and then a FEM analysis was performed to identify the optimal layering of the tubular structure to support the defined loads. Subsequently, environmental and economic impacts were evaluated by means of life cycle assessment and life cycle costing methodologies. The comparison between the CFRP tubular structure and traditional aluminum alternative was conducted to identify the most sustainable solution. The analysis showed that the CFRP tubular component resulted in lower environmental impacts than the traditional alternative (i.e., about 70% lower considering the whole life cycle) mainly due to the reduced weight. However, the cost evaluation identified the CFRP alternative as the most expensive solution, with production cost 40% higher than the aluminum alternative.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","volume":"34 15","pages":"15324 - 15335"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11665-025-11009-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Tool Rotating Speed on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Dissimilar Friction Stir Welded AA5052-H32 and AA6082-T6 Aluminum Alloys","authors":"K. T. Thilagham, D. Noorullah","doi":"10.1007/s11665-024-10017-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11665-024-10017-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Friction stir welding of aluminum alloy has grown in importance in manufacturing areas such as shipbuilding, aircraft manufacture, railways, and automotive. The microstructure and mechanical characteristics of a welded junction are improved by friction stir welding of alloy joints. While the mechanical properties have been the subject of several prior research, none of these have explicitly looked at the effects of tilt angle and speed. Combining two different aluminum alloys, but assessing the structural and examining effects of various factors, such as tilt angle (2°), travel speed (60, 90, and 120 mm/min), and rotational speed (600, 900, and 1200 rpm), an FSW machine was used to weld two dissimilar alloys, AA5052-H32 and AA6082-T6. Formerly, the microstructural features, macrostructural studies, and optical scanning electron microscope (SEM) investigations of the tensile characteristics of these dissimilar welded joints in five zones, including the nugget zone, produced a maximum hardness value of HV115 and a joint efficiency of 56%. Mechanical properties of the welded joints are evaluated with tensile strength, elongation, yield load, and yield stress, and it is found that these properties are gradually increased.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","volume":"34 13","pages":"12674 - 12688"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Improvement of Surface Properties for Laser Cladding Inconel 625 Coating with Laser Shock Peening","authors":"Zhongnan Liang, Rui Wang, Huimin Wang, Qihan Wang, Hao Chen, Yongjia Zhu, Pengwei Zhu, Wenyue Zheng, Dejian Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11665-025-11046-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11665-025-11046-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The laser shock peening (LSP) is an effective surface treatment method. In this study, it was applied to improve the microstructures and surface properties of the laser cladding Inconel 625 coating. After LSP, the macroscopic organizational morphology of Inconel 625 coating remained unchanged, but the significant microstructure evolution during LSP was confirmed in this work. By varying the laser energy and shock times, it was found that with increasing the laser energy and shock times, the surface deformation resulted from the LSP increased. The hardened depth can reach more than 1.5 mm, which is difficult to be realized with other surface treatment methods. In addition, the surface stress state has been significantly modified, where the unLSPed sample has a tensile stress of 317.5 MPa while the LSPed sample reached a compressive stress of at least 511.6 MPa. Furthermore, the study of the retention ability of deformation at room temperature indicated its strong stability by a minimum compressive stress reduction of 0.003% after 60 days nature aging. This study provided a certain reference for LSP treatment of Inconel 625 cladding layer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","volume":"34 20","pages":"23474 - 23485"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145284328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation of Heat Treatment Effects on Hybrid Manufacturing of Stainless Steel 316L Components Using Directed Energy Deposition: Microstructural and Tensile Behavior Analysis","authors":"V. Vinoth, M. Kumaran, S. Ravi","doi":"10.1007/s11665-025-11023-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11665-025-11023-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research investigates the effects of heat treatments on the tensile properties and microstructure of hot-rolled SS316L steel repaired using the Directed Energy Deposition (DED) process with SS316L powder. The applied heat treatments were solution annealing at 650 °C for 6 hours (HT1) and hot isostatic pressing at 1100 °C for 4 hours followed by solution treatment at 1050 °C for 1 hour (HT2). The study compared as-built (ABS), HT1, and HT2 samples to understand mechanical properties and fracture behavior changes. The ABS sample showed high residual stresses, small grains, and the highest strength but lowest ductility. HT1 improved ductility and grain uniformity, while HT2 achieved the highest ductility and extensive grain growth. Fracture features transitioned from mixed brittle–ductile in ABS to predominantly ductile in HT2. XRD analysis showed a shift from dominant austenite peaks in ABS to sharper austenite peaks and minor carbide peaks in HT2. These heat treatments significantly enhanced the microstructure and mechanical properties of SS316L, highlighting the importance of tailored heat treatments for optimizing DED-repaired materials in engineering applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","volume":"34 15","pages":"15727 - 15737"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of Phase Transformation and Hot Rolling on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Novel High-Performance Bridge Steel","authors":"Yanpeng Lu, Xiaonan Wang, Zheng Cao, Qian Sun, Xin Xu, Yajun Xing, Dong Lv, Chenshuo Cui, LiJia He, Zhu Chen, Zhengyang Ma, Zichen Shao, Yinwen Mao, Rui Liu, Xiang Li","doi":"10.1007/s11665-025-10900-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11665-025-10900-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The novel 690 MPa grade high-performance bridge steel was subjected to dynamic and static continuous cooling transformation and rolling experiments at different final cooling temperatures. The effects of different cooling rates on microstructure transformation under deformation and undeformed conditions were studied using OM and TEM. Under the undeformed condition, high-density interphase precipitated particles were formed when austenite transforms into ferrite at lower cooling rates. Under deformation conditions, the microstructure was mainly bainite when the cooling rate reaches 5 °C/s. With the increase in cooling rate, the microstructure of bainite changed from needle like to lath like. As the final cooling temperature decreased, the overall hardness, strength and yield ratio showed an upward trend, while the plasticity showed a decreasing trend. The experimental steel exhibited outstanding mechanical properties. When the final cooling temperature was 417 °C, the impact energy at − 20, − 40 and − 60 °C was 168, 125 and 92 J, respectively. With the decrease in final cooling temperature, the microstructure changed from ferrite and a small amount of granular bainite to granular bainite and a small amount of ferrite, and then to lath bainite. When the final cooling temperature was 417 °C, the proportion of large-angle grain boundaries reached a maximum of 64%, significantly improving the low-temperature toughness of the experimental steel.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","volume":"34 19","pages":"21773 - 21783"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145236919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Achieving Exceptional Strength–Ductility Synergy in a Cu Lamellar Structure via Architected Clearly Interlamellar Interfaces","authors":"Ziming Xue, Chunjian Shen, Zengwei Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s11665-025-11045-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11665-025-11045-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Metallic materials exhibiting lamellar architectures hold significant potential as heterogeneous materials characterized by enhanced strength and ductility. Nonetheless, the ability to precisely manipulate the lamellar structure at the microscale is constrained by current methodologies, thereby impeding the attainment of an optimal balance between strength and ductility. In this study, a copper lamellar structure featuring distinct interlamellar interfaces between alternating coarse- and fine-grained layers was fabricated using friction-assisted electrodeposition (FAED) with alternating current densities. FAED effectively inhibited the epitaxial growth of crystals and promoted stable nucleation across the deposited surface, thereby facilitating rapid transformation of grain size at the microscale. This process resulted in the formation of a distinct interlamellar interface between coarse- and fine-grain layers. The pronounced interlamellar interfaces generated significant back stress, enhancing the strength of the copper (Cu) lamellar structure during deformation. Concurrently, the presence of slip bands traversing multiple layers, along with grain rotations, contributed to exceptional elongation within the Cu lamellar structure, thereby overcoming the conventional strength–ductility trade-off. Consequently, the Cu lamellar structure demonstrated an extraordinary synergy between high strength (484 MPa) and superior ductility (20.9%). This study not only paves the way for the fabrication of metal lamellar structures at the microscale but also provides novel insights into overcoming the strength–ductility trade-off.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","volume":"34 20","pages":"23394 - 23403"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145284447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hot Deformation of Constituent Phases in 2101 Duplex Stainless Steel and Its Modeling Using Artificial Neural Network","authors":"Abhinav Arya, Tushar Ramdas Dandekar, Rajesh Kisni Khatirkar","doi":"10.1007/s11665-025-11036-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11665-025-11036-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study deals with the hot deformation behavior of a Fe-21Cr-1.5Ni-5Mn duplex stainless steel (DSS). Uniaxial hot compression tests were performed at various strain rates and temperatures. Electron backscattered diffraction was used to characterize the microstructure. The microstructural analysis revealed that the restoration mechanisms that act are different in the ferrite and austenite phases. The ferrite phase first undergoes dynamic recovery followed by the dynamic recrystallization (DRX). However, the mechanism of DRX in the austenite phase depends largely on the strain rate. An artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed with two hidden layers to model the flow behavior of DSS. The stress–strain data of the uniaxial compression tests were used to train the ANN model. The number of neurons in the model was optimized to increase its accuracy. A comparative study between the ANN model predictions and the constitutive model (Arrhenius hyperbolic sine method) predictions showed that the ANN can predict the stress values for any set of strain rates and temperatures. The constitutive model finds it difficult to predict values at higher strain rates and lower temperatures. It was found that the accuracy and precision of the ANN model were much higher than that of the constitutive model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","volume":"34 20","pages":"23107 - 23116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145284446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Laser Power on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High-Speed Laser-Cladded Coating on 27SiMn Steel","authors":"Shirui Guo, Aoxing Yang, Shuisheng Chen, Lishan Geng, Chuan Guo, Lujun Cui, Bo Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s11665-025-10996-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11665-025-10996-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A single-factor variable method was adopted to investigate the effect of laser power on repairing hydraulic support steel (27SiMn) via laser cladding and identify the optimal power for superior cladding performance. Key parameters, including scanning speed (65 mm·s<sup>−1</sup>), powder feed rate (13.6 g·min<sup>−1</sup>), defocus distance, and spot diameter (3 mm), were held constant while laser powers of 1900, 2000, 2100, and 2200 W were assessed. Results indicate that the microhardness of the cladding layer increased and then decreased with the increase in laser power, and the average hardness of the 2000 W specimen reached 709.2 HV<sub>0.5</sub>, and the average hardness of the 2000 W specimen reached 709.2 HV<sub>0.5</sub>, which was the highest; the mechanical properties of Fe5Z-1 Fe-based alloy cladding on 27SiMn steel improve and then decline with increasing power. The best performance occurred at 2000 W, yielding a microstructure with uniform cellular, columnar, and isometric crystals; this cladding layer displayed the highest elongation (~18.5%), and the fracture of the tensile specimen is characterized by toughness, and the plasticity of the fused cladding specimen at this power is the strongest among the fused cladding specimens. Considering cross-sectional morphology, microstructure, microhardness, mechanical properties, and fracture behavior, 2000 W was the ideal power for achieving a well-bonded, ductile cladding layer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","volume":"34 20","pages":"22947 - 22957"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145284448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deformation Behavior and Grain Refinement during Multi-pass Hot Compression of Mn18Cr18N Steel","authors":"Wen Huihua, Wang Jinliang, Chen Huiqin","doi":"10.1007/s11665-025-10982-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11665-025-10982-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The multi-pass hot compression experiment method was used to study the hot deformation behavior and recrystallization evolution of electro-slag-remelted (ESR) Mn18Cr18N steel deformed to the strain of 0.69 at the temperatures of 1373 K and 1473 K with a strain rate of 1 s<sup>−1</sup> and the interval holding time ranging from 3 to 10 s during three-pass, four-pass and five-pass compressions with the same reduction of per pass. The enveloping curves of peak stresses during the multi-pass hot compressions showed the strain cumulative recovery type or the strain cumulative softening type. The softening rate during the multi-pass hot compressions increased with the increase of temperature, per pass reduction and interval holding time. The elongated parent grains with a small amount of new DRX grains at the grain boundaries were generated at lower temperature during multi-pass deformation. Partially DRX recrystallized grains or fully DRX refined uniform recrystallized grains could be obtained with the increase of interval holding time and temperature, and both of them were mixed grains of dynamic recrystallization (DRX), static recrystallization (SRX) and meta-dynamic recrystallization (MDRX). The proportion of twins in the recrystallized grains was relatively high, indicating that the recrystallization mechanism during the multi-pass hot deformation of the ESR steel was dominant by twinning at a strain rate of 1 s<sup>-1</sup>. A fully DRX refined uniform recrystallized grains with an average grain size of about 24 μm could be obtained when the sample deformed to 0.69 after four-pass compression at 1473 K with the interval holding time of 10 s.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":644,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance","volume":"34 20","pages":"23463 - 23473"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145284449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}