Journal of Fusion Energy最新文献

Spectroscopic Diagnostics of Non-Maxwellian Electron Velocity Distribution Function in the Large Helical Device 大型螺旋装置中非麦克斯韦电子速度分布函数的光谱诊断

IF 2.1 4区工程技术

Journal of Fusion Energy Pub Date : 2025-09-27 DOI: 10.1007/s10894-025-00516-0

Tomoko Kawate, Motoshi Goto

引用次数: 0

Developing Integrated Cost Models for Fusion Power Plants 发展核聚变电厂的综合成本模型

IF 2.1 4区工程技术

Journal of Fusion Energy Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1007/s10894-025-00515-1

Rhian Chapman

{"title":"Developing Integrated Cost Models for Fusion Power Plants","authors":"Rhian Chapman","doi":"10.1007/s10894-025-00515-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10894-025-00515-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Systems models and associated cost analyses are widely used within the fusion community to analyse tokamak designs, from prototype and demonstrator machines to potential commercial fusion power plants. To ensure the design programmes of fusion prototype/demonstrator power plants deliver a cost optimised design (within existing uncertainty limitations) the use of integrated cost modelling during the design process is essential. This integration produces holistic solutions in which engineering design choices and changes are directly represented in the cost results, allowing alternative solutions to be tested technologically and financially in the same analysis and cost estimates to be directly aligned with each specific design solution. Using examples from the STEP (Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production) programme this paper shows how implementing such an approach allows an interrogation of the design through the lens of cost-effectiveness, enabling a systematic exploration of potential trade-offs between performance and cost, highlighting cost drivers and interrogating the design aspects underpinning them, and facilitating holistic comparisons between design options. Including cost analysis into early design decisions through integrated cost modelling will drive a cost-optimised design; this is vital in proving that fusion power plants can be an economically viable energy source. One top-level example of this approach is understanding the critical size drivers and therefore cost drivers of the design, such as the inboard radial build for the STEP design. This understanding enables optimisation of this parameter within the relevant margins required to ensure performance (within design uncertainties).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fusion Energy","volume":"44 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10894-025-00515-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145144599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Review of Contributions of Image Observations Using Visible Cameras to Advancements in Sustaining Long-pulse Discharges in LHD 可见光相机图像观测对LHD持续长脉冲放电的贡献综述

IF 2.1 4区工程技术

Journal of Fusion Energy Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1007/s10894-025-00514-2

Mamoru Shoji, Hiroshi Kasahara, Tesuo Seki, Ryohsuke Seki, Masayuki Tokitani, Hirohiko Tanaka, Suguru Masuzaki, Motoshi Goto

{"title":"Review of Contributions of Image Observations Using Visible Cameras to Advancements in Sustaining Long-pulse Discharges in LHD","authors":"Mamoru Shoji, Hiroshi Kasahara, Tesuo Seki, Ryohsuke Seki, Masayuki Tokitani, Hirohiko Tanaka, Suguru Masuzaki, Motoshi Goto","doi":"10.1007/s10894-025-00514-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10894-025-00514-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper reviews the contributions of image observations to extending the duration of Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies (ICRF)-heated long-pulse discharges in the Large Helical Device (LHD). The plasma discharges were monitored using over 25 visible cameras, three fast-framing cameras, and various advanced plasma diagnostics, which revealed that most long-pulse discharges were interrupted by the following four events: termination of ICRF plasma heating due to arcing events in antennas, uncontrollable plasma density rise by outgassing from divertor plates, iron influx from plasma-facing components in the vacuum vessel, and carbon influx originating from the divertor regions. Image observations played a crucial role in mitigating the above four events that restricted the duration of long-pulse discharges by implementing appropriate countermeasures such as enhancing the cooling efficiency of the divertor plates, adopting new operational techniques to disperse the heat-load distribution, improving the ICRF antenna configurations, installing new additional ICRF antennas, and modifying the divertor configuration. Interruptions in long-pulse discharges were statistically analyzed using experimental data in three previous experimental campaigns, demonstrating a history of continuous efforts to extend the plasma discharge duration. This paper highlights the contributions of image observations over the past two decades, which have revealed inherent limitations in conventional magnetic plasma confinement devices that utilize carbon and iron plasma-facing components in sustaining steady-state plasma discharges. Knowledge obtained from statistical analysis provides valuable information for optimizing next-generation plasma confinement devices aiming at steady-state operation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fusion Energy","volume":"44 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10894-025-00514-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145144600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spectroscopic Diagnostics for Highly Charged Iron Ions Observed in Solar Corona and LHD 在日冕和LHD观测到的高电荷铁离子的光谱诊断

IF 2.1 4区工程技术

Journal of Fusion Energy Pub Date : 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1007/s10894-025-00512-4

Tetsuya Watanabe, Hirohisa Hara

引用次数: 0

Conceptual Design and Analysis of Tritium Confinement Ventilation System for Deuterium-Tritium Fusion Plant 氘-氚聚变装置氚约束通风系统概念设计与分析

IF 2.1 4区工程技术

Journal of Fusion Energy Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1007/s10894-025-00511-5

Jing Huang, Bin Guo, Fukun Liu, Gang Wu

{"title":"Conceptual Design and Analysis of Tritium Confinement Ventilation System for Deuterium-Tritium Fusion Plant","authors":"Jing Huang, Bin Guo, Fukun Liu, Gang Wu","doi":"10.1007/s10894-025-00511-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10894-025-00511-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The negative pressure ventilation system, serving as a critical subsystem within the tritium safety confinement system of the compact fusion energy experimental, is responsible for maintaining dynamic confinement functionality over the C2 and C3 confinement subzones during normal operational conditions, thereby restricting the leakage and dispersion of radioactive materials. Consequently, rational and reliable design of the tritium confinement negative pressure ventilation system is of paramount importance. Key aspects of the system process design include determining pipeline network dimensions and evaluating thermal-hydraulic characteristics. In this study, the system design requirements were established in accordance with the international standard ISO 16646:2024 and the operational specifications of the device. This involved calculating the system airflow capacity and proposing a preliminary process design scheme for the negative pressure ventilation system. A thermal-hydraulic computational model for the initial system configuration was developed using the fluid simulation software AFT Arrow. Steady-state simulations were conducted to predict the thermal-hydraulic behavior of the pipeline network under maximum ventilation load conditions, enabling the determination of critical equipment selection parameters. The findings of this study will lay the groundwork for subsequent research on negative pressure ventilation systems in compact fusion energy applications, providing essential technical insights for optimizing system performance and ensuring compliance with radiological safety standards.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fusion Energy","volume":"44 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Machine Learning Applications Enabling Fusion Energy: Recent Developments 实现聚变能源的机器学习应用：最新发展

IF 2.1 4区工程技术

Journal of Fusion Energy Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1007/s10894-025-00509-z

Cristina Rea

引用次数: 0

Retrospective of the ARPA-E BETHE-GAMOW-Era Fusion Programs and Project Cohorts 回顾ARPA-E bethe - gamow时代的聚变项目和项目队列

IF 2.1 4区工程技术

Journal of Fusion Energy Pub Date : 2025-08-30 DOI: 10.1007/s10894-025-00504-4

S. C. Hsu, M. C. Handley, S. E. Wurzel, P. B. McGrath

{"title":"Retrospective of the ARPA-E BETHE-GAMOW-Era Fusion Programs and Project Cohorts","authors":"S. C. Hsu, M. C. Handley, S. E. Wurzel, P. B. McGrath","doi":"10.1007/s10894-025-00504-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10894-025-00504-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper provides a retrospective of the BETHE (Breakthroughs Enabling THermonuclear-fusion Energy) and GAMOW (Galvanizing Advances in Market-aligned fusion for an Overabundance of Watts) fusion programs of the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E), as well as fusion project cohorts (associated with OPEN 2018, OPEN 2021, and Exploratory Topics) initiated during the same time period (2018–2022). BETHE (announced in 2019) aimed to increase the number of higher-maturity, lower-cost fusion approaches. GAMOW (announced in 2020) aimed to expand and translate research-and-development efforts in materials, fuel cycle, and enabling technologies needed for commercial fusion energy. Both programs had a vision of enabling timely commercial fusion energy while laying the foundation for greater public-private collaborations to accelerate fusion-energy development. Finally, this paper describes ARPA-E’s fusion Technology-to-Market (T2M) activities during this era, which included supporting ARPA-E fusion performers’ commercialization pathways, improving fusion costing models, exploring cost targets for potential early markets for fusion energy, engaging with the broader fusion ecosystem (especially investors and nongovernmental organizations), and highlighting the importance of social license for timely fusion commercialization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fusion Energy","volume":"44 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144918506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EUV and Soft X-ray Spectroscopy of Highly Charged Heavy Ions Using LHD: Research Ranging from Industrial Light Sources to Basic Atomic Physics 用LHD研究高电荷重离子的EUV和软x射线光谱学：从工业光源到基础原子物理的研究

IF 2.1 4区工程技术

Journal of Fusion Energy Pub Date : 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.1007/s10894-025-00510-6

Chihiro Suzuki, Fumihiro Koike, Izumi Murakami, Daiji Kato, Naoki Tamura, Nobuyuki Nakamura, Takeshi Higashiguchi, Hiroyuki A. Sakaue, Hayato Ohashi, Motoshi Goto, Takako Kato, Gerard O’Sullivan

{"title":"EUV and Soft X-ray Spectroscopy of Highly Charged Heavy Ions Using LHD: Research Ranging from Industrial Light Sources to Basic Atomic Physics","authors":"Chihiro Suzuki, Fumihiro Koike, Izumi Murakami, Daiji Kato, Naoki Tamura, Nobuyuki Nakamura, Takeshi Higashiguchi, Hiroyuki A. Sakaue, Hayato Ohashi, Motoshi Goto, Takako Kato, Gerard O’Sullivan","doi":"10.1007/s10894-025-00510-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10894-025-00510-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article reviews various achievements in spectroscopy of highly charged ions of a variety of heavy elements injected into the Large Helical Device (LHD) plasmas. We focus on discrete and quasi-continuum spectra observed in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and soft X-ray wavelength ranges using multiple grazing incidence spectrometers. In particular, the atomic number dependence and temperature dependence of the spectral features have been investigated more comprehensively than ever before over extremely wide ranges based on comparisons with theoretical models and other experimental data. Consequently, the series of studies could provide an experimental database valuable for investigations of basic atomic physics issues specific to highly charged heavy ions, as well as the applications to industrial light source developments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fusion Energy","volume":"44 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10894-025-00510-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

MHD Stability Associated with Vaporization from a Liquid Metal Plasma-Facing Surface 液态金属等离子体表面汽化的MHD稳定性

IF 2.1 4区工程技术

Journal of Fusion Energy Pub Date : 2025-08-18 DOI: 10.1007/s10894-025-00505-3

Nopparit Somboonkittichai, Guizhong Zuo, Christopher Albert

{"title":"MHD Stability Associated with Vaporization from a Liquid Metal Plasma-Facing Surface","authors":"Nopparit Somboonkittichai, Guizhong Zuo, Christopher Albert","doi":"10.1007/s10894-025-00505-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10894-025-00505-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the density distributions of hydrogen (<span>(mathrm {H^0})</span> and <span>(mathrm {H^+})</span>) and lithium (<span>(mathrm {Li^0})</span>, <span>(mathrm {Li^+})</span>, <span>(mathrm {Li^{2+}})</span>, and <span>(mathrm {Li^{3+}})</span>) atoms and ions in a magnetized plasma exposed to a liquid lithium surface, and evaluates the potential for magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instability triggered by pressure variations in the plasma. The physical model employs multiple reaction rate equations for various species and charge states, including net ionization and recombination to describe density distributions. MHD stability is assessed using the energy principle associated with pressure gradients. The analysis is conducted under simplified conditions neglecting curvature and time variations in plasma temperature and toroidal magnetic field. The results strongly suggest that under high central electron temperature, the electron density and total pressure in a plasma with a liquid lithium surface peak in the core–edge transition region. This leads to a steep negative radial pressure gradient, in which a pressure-driven instability is mitigated. This simplified study demonstrates that pressure-driven instability in the edge region can be avoided if an optimal balance is maintained between central electron temperature and vapor flux from the liquid lithium surface.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fusion Energy","volume":"44 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Progress in the Development of a W-based Corrosion Barrier for ENEA Liquid Sn-based Divertor Design 用于ENEA液体锡基分流器设计的w基腐蚀屏障的研制进展

IF 2.1 4区工程技术

Journal of Fusion Energy Pub Date : 2025-08-18 DOI: 10.1007/s10894-025-00503-5

M. Bugatti, L. Bana, D. Vavassori, M. Iafrati, D. Dellasega, M. Passoni

{"title":"Progress in the Development of a W-based Corrosion Barrier for ENEA Liquid Sn-based Divertor Design","authors":"M. Bugatti, L. Bana, D. Vavassori, M. Iafrati, D. Dellasega, M. Passoni","doi":"10.1007/s10894-025-00503-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10894-025-00503-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Experimental research was conducted to develop a corrosion barrier for protecting the copper-chromium-zirconium (CuCrZr) and stainless steel components of future liquid tin divertors. W-based coatings with tailored properties were deposited on planar metallic samples by high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS), optimizing the deposition parameters to enhance mechanical properties and improve corrosion resistance. A validation experimental campaign was carried out based on conditions expected in the ENEA liquid metal divertor design. To identify the highest-performing coating, coated samples were exposed to a static droplet of liquid tin at <span>(400,^{circ })</span>C for up to 600 min, followed by post-mortem characterization. The results indicate that tin corrosion is significantly less concerning towards steel and can be effectively prevented under these operating conditions through the developed coatings. On CuCrZr substrates, pure-W coatings demonstrated insufficient corrosion protection and reliability issues, leading to mechanical failure of the barrier. The experiments underlined the importance of substrate preparation and surface defects on corrosion barrier properties. In contrast, W-Al coatings were able to successfully and reliably prevent liquid tin corrosion, indicating that low-crystallinity and amorphous materials are more suitable as corrosion barriers for liquid tin divertor applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fusion Energy","volume":"44 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10894-025-00503-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0