{"title":"Core–shell multiple crosslinked polyacrylate emulsion for water-based ink: synthesis, characterization, and superior application performance","authors":"Shirui Lv, Xiyao Tian, Jiajun Li, Yuning Ma, Liangyun Yu, Junchao Zhang, Yanjun Zhao, Xintong Liu, Xiulan Xin","doi":"10.1007/s11998-024-01049-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11998-024-01049-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A multiple crosslinked polyacrylate emulsion with a high content of crosslinked monomers was successfully synthesized via core–shell emulsion polymerization. The remarkable synthesis highlights are crosslinked monomers; N-methylol acrylamide was used as the core layer monomer, vinyl triisopropoxy-silane (C-1706) and glycidyl methacrylate were used as the shell layer monomers, and aziridine (XR-100) was used as a post-crosslinking agent. In order to realize the practical application of emulsion, the optimal ratio of raw materials was investigated by orthogonal test. Furthermore, a blank acrylic resin emulsion was prepared for comparison. The structural innovation results in the excellent application potential of the emulsion prepared from the above raw materials. The most appealing aspect of this study is that the above emulsions have demonstrated excellent dryness and adhesion properties after being made into water-based inks. This study proves that the preparation of emulsions by multiple crosslinked monomers can support the synthesis and development of high-performance water-based inks and also provides theoretical and experimental basis for the synthesis of new emulsion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Coatings Technology and Research","volume":"22 4","pages":"1419 - 1431"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145163923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cleaner production technology of intermediate DAS in red pigment C.I.177: four-phase heterogeneous catalytic Ullmann condensation","authors":"Xuening Fei, Changcheng Liu, Xianhang Wang, Liangfu Cui, Dajie Xing, Hongbin Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s11998-024-01048-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11998-024-01048-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The pursuit of cleaner production of pigments is an urgent need. Therefore, in this work, a cleaner production method of 4,4′-diamino-1,1′-bianthraquinone-3,3′-disulfonic acid (DAS), a key intermediate of C.I. Pigment Red 177, was explored. This study employed potent acid cation exchange resin in place of sulfuric acid, significantly diminishing the solvent quantity. Utilizing the semidissolved bromamine acid sodium salt as a ‘reactant storage,’ it gradually disintegrated and engaged in the reaction, creating a ‘resin–copper–bromamine acid sodium salt–solution’ with a four-phase heterogeneous catalytic system, leading to more efficient DAS production. Given a reaction temperature of 60°C, a duration of 90 min, and dosages of resin and copper powder at 20 g/L and 15 g/L, the output can achieve 93.21%. Concurrently, solid acid offers the advantage of being reusable and straightforward to separate. Following its removal, products can be directly acquired via multieffect evaporation, thereby preventing the generation of high-salt wastewater that typically accompanies the salting-out process. Furthermore, the temperature of the reaction is 15°C cooler compared to the classical approach, enabling the utilization of inferior natural thermal sources like solar power. Employing this cutting-edge technique lessens the release of high-salt wastewater from the origin and simplifies its treatment, promising significant advantages in product yield, ecological conservation, resource conservation, and energy consumption.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Coatings Technology and Research","volume":"22 4","pages":"1409 - 1418"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145162331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Benzotriazole-loaded chitosan–guar gum interpenetrating polymeric network (IPN) particles: a novel approach for anticorrosive coating development","authors":"Pallavi Patil, Siddhesh Mestry, S. T. Mhaske","doi":"10.1007/s11998-024-01045-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11998-024-01045-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The anticorrosive properties of epoxy coatings were enhanced by incorporating an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) of chitosan (CS) and guar gum (GG), with a 1:1 ratio. These IPN particles were synthesized by varying benzotriazole (BNZ) concentration and crosslinked using glutaraldehyde (GA). Additionally, the particles were coated with a polymeric shell of polypyrrole (PPy) through in situ oxidative polymerization using an emulsion technique. The modified IPN and PPy-coated IPN particles were then integrated into epoxy coatings to improve corrosion resistance. Characterization techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to confirm the successful synthesis and morphology of the particles, as well as their integration into the coatings. Corrosion resistance testing was carried out using salt spray tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), showing significant improvement in the barrier properties of epoxy coatings with the addition of both IPN and PPy-coated IPN particles. The FTIR analysis confirmed the chemical incorporation of these particles into the epoxy matrix, contributing to enhanced protective properties by impeding the penetration of corrosive ions. This approach demonstrates a promising method for improving the durability of epoxy coatings in aggressive environments such as marine and industrial conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Coatings Technology and Research","volume":"22 4","pages":"1359 - 1372"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145162332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yunwei Huang, Qiumin Chen, Wanzhi Wu, Hongzhen Peng, Qian Ji, Yanling Li, Jiangfei Cao, Feihua Ye, Chunsheng Li, Pingke Ai
{"title":"Investigation on the preparation of a highly water-resistant emulsion coating for paper-based packaging materials","authors":"Yunwei Huang, Qiumin Chen, Wanzhi Wu, Hongzhen Peng, Qian Ji, Yanling Li, Jiangfei Cao, Feihua Ye, Chunsheng Li, Pingke Ai","doi":"10.1007/s11998-024-01040-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11998-024-01040-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To enhance the water resistance of paper-based packaging materials, an emulsion coating with high water resistance properties has been developed for application to these materials. This coating was synthesized using isooctyl acrylate, lauryl methacrylate, styrene, and methacrylic acid as reactive monomers, organosilicone KH151 as a coupling agent, heptadecanol polyoxyethylene ether monophosphate as the emulsifier, and glycerol triglycidyl ether as a post-crosslinking agent. Through a seed emulsion polymerization process, a water-based organosilicone-modified styrene-acrylic emulsion was expertly crafted. After being spread onto a substrate paper and subsequently dried, the highly water-resistant emulsion coating was obtained. The results showed a remarkable decrease in water absorption from 89.23 to 3.15 g/m<sup>2</sup> at a coating weight of 3.01 gsm on the substrate paper, and no water seepage was observed on the reverse side of the paper for 20 min, demonstrating the highly water-resistant properties of the coating. Moreover, this coating also possesses the advantages of antiadhesion and endurance at temperatures below 360.3 °C. The coating emulsion has no acute toxicity risks at the tested concentration of 100 mg/L, suggesting its safety for application in paper-based packaging materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Coatings Technology and Research","volume":"22 3","pages":"1159 - 1169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Visualizing latex film formation using freeze-drying and scanning electron microscopy","authors":"Annie Moorhead, Lorraine F. Francis","doi":"10.1007/s11998-024-01044-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11998-024-01044-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aqueous latex coatings transform from a suspension of discrete particles to a continuous polymer film during drying. Characterizing these microstructural changes is challenging given the transient nature of drying and the presence of water within samples. The present work proposes a freeze-drying preparation method that captures intermediate microstructural states during latex film formation so that they can be characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at room temperature. To develop this method, aqueous coatings prepared from diluted styrene acrylic latex (Primal DC-420, DOW Chemical) were deposited onto silicon substrates and dried just above the latex minimum film formation temperature (MFFT) of ~ 30°C. Coatings were then flash-frozen at various time points during drying, and then the ice within the frozen coating was sublimed under vacuum (<i>P</i> < 200 Pa). Specimens were stored and sputter coated with platinum at low temperature (<0°C) before SEM imaging. Surface and cross-sectional images showed multiple stages of film formation, enabled by a lateral drying front. Parallel cryogenic SEM studies verified that the freeze-drying method comparably captures microstructure after latex particles consolidate into a network. Studies with lower MFFT coatings, including those made from a different latex (Acronal S 790, BASF) or from Primal DC-420 with a coalescent (Texanol, Eastman Chemical), demonstrated the importance of storing and sputter coating specimens at temperatures less than the MFFT to maintain the microstructures for room temperature SEM imaging. Through the freeze-drying method, microstructures associated with all three stages of film formation (consolidation, compaction, and coalescence) were visualized, enabling the continued development and improvement of latex-containing coating formulations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Coatings Technology and Research","volume":"22 3","pages":"1171 - 1184"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11998-024-01044-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiaqing Zhang, Yi Guo, Lingxin He, Jie Huang, YuBiao Huang, Fengju Shang, Rui Liu, Xia Zhou
{"title":"Study on preparation and fire-resistant property of an organic silicone coating with compounding glass powder","authors":"Jiaqing Zhang, Yi Guo, Lingxin He, Jie Huang, YuBiao Huang, Fengju Shang, Rui Liu, Xia Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s11998-024-01035-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11998-024-01035-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To improve the fire resistance performance of silicone resin, a silicone coating which can resist a flame temperature at 1200°C was designed and prepared by compounding glass powder, Mg(OH)<sub>2</sub>, talcum powder, kaoline, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, TiO<sub>2</sub>, and SiO<sub>2</sub> as functional fillers. After burning and oxidizing by acetylene flame at 1200°C for 90 min, there is no penetration and peeling of silicone coating. Moreover, the highest temperature on the back of the substrate is 263°C and the average temperature of it is 207°C, which are both lower than the softening temperature of steel. As analyzed, the functional fillers in silicone coating are evenly distributed. There are still high-temperature-resistant fillers including talcum powder, kaoline, SiO<sub>2</sub>, TiO<sub>2</sub>, and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> in the char layer formed by the fire-resistant coating. After fire resistance test, the char layer of silicone coating does not possess a large area of voids, which indicates that the composite glass powder may melt and flow in time in the range of 400–500°C. The glass powder with low-melting point supplements the vacancies caused by pyrolysis of organic silicone resin film former. Furthermore, the existence of glass powder and Mg(OH)<sub>2</sub> composite improves the high-temperature adhesion of silicone coating, while talcum powder, kaoline, SiO<sub>2</sub>, TiO<sub>2</sub>, and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> in the silicone coating have the function of reinforcement. The high-temperature resistance of talcum powder, kaoline, SiO<sub>2</sub>, TiO<sub>2</sub>, and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> improves the fire resistance of the silicone coating as well.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Coatings Technology and Research","volume":"22 3","pages":"1087 - 1097"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Greener route towards preparation of plant-based antifungal fatliquor for eco-conscious application during leather making","authors":"Sivaranjani Venugopal, Yasmin Khambhaty","doi":"10.1007/s11998-024-01036-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11998-024-01036-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fatliquors are essential wet chemicals in the leather-making process, enhancing softness, suppleness, and durability by preventing fibril aggregation and filling voids. However, some fatliquors can also promote fungal growth on finished leather products. This study explores the potential of fatliquor produced via a green route from <i>Azadirachta indica</i> (Neem) seed oil. Neem, a tropical and subtropical tree native to India and Southeast Asia, is renowned for its medicinal properties, earning the moniker “village pharmacy” due to its antiseptic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, anti-malarial, and anticancer benefits. In this research, fatliquor was synthesized from Neem seed oil through sulphation and applied for fatliquoring of leather. This leather was compared with commercially fatliquored leather, showing enhanced lubricity and mechanical properties. Furthermore, the high unsaturation level and significant antifungal properties of the Neem-based fatliquor resulted in the development of a novel, eco-friendly fatliquor for leather application.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Coatings Technology and Research","volume":"22 3","pages":"1099 - 1112"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of weatherability of latex paint films using synthetic aluminum silicate-modified titanium dioxide photocatalysts as a multifunctional filler","authors":"Fumihiko Ohashi, Atsushi Shibahara","doi":"10.1007/s11998-024-01043-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11998-024-01043-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nanocomposites of TiO<sub>2</sub> modified with semi-crystalline aluminum silicates (AS-T nanocomposites) with various chemical compositions were synthesized using a hydrothermal process and evaluated as fillers for aqueous latex paints. AS-T nanocomposite powders decomposed and mineralized gaseous acetaldehyde more efficiently than a commercial TiO<sub>2</sub>-based material. Coating films containing AS-T nanocomposites were prepared using a spray-coating method. The films exhibited high degradation behavior for methylene blue aqueous solution, and the degradation level of one of these films reached up to 80%. After 600 h of accelerated weathering tests, gloss of the reference films decreased to 40% and their surface condition deteriorated, while no change was confirmed in either gloss or the surface condition of AS-Ts-contained films. Furthermore, color difference after the same period showed a value of 8 Δ<i>E</i>* units (CIELAB) for the reference films due to discoloration but relatively favorable values ranging from 3.6 to 5.6 units for AS-Ts-contained films. These results indicate that AS-Ts-contained films possess superior weatherability compared to the reference films. For this film surface designing, appropriate ratios of the surface functional groups with different affinities and proportions of Si(Al)-OH and/or Si-OH-Al in a specific range of chemical compositions should be considered.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Coatings Technology and Research","volume":"22 3","pages":"1207 - 1218"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gimhani C. Wikaramasinghe, Rangana M. Manamendra, K. R. Jaliya Manuda, Buddini Nissanka, Darshana L. Weerawarne, Dilushan R. Jayasundara
{"title":"Correction: Binder-free conductive graphite coatings on polyimide substrates for applications in flexible electronics","authors":"Gimhani C. Wikaramasinghe, Rangana M. Manamendra, K. R. Jaliya Manuda, Buddini Nissanka, Darshana L. Weerawarne, Dilushan R. Jayasundara","doi":"10.1007/s11998-025-01080-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11998-025-01080-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Coatings Technology and Research","volume":"22 2","pages":"857 - 857"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mingwu Wang, Fei Zhong, Chunlin Chen, Xinyi Wang, Xinyu Bai, Long Liu
{"title":"Organic phosphorus–nitrogen-treated carbon nitride combined with Ni(OH)2 metal-based flame retardant to improve flame protection of waterborne epoxy coatings","authors":"Mingwu Wang, Fei Zhong, Chunlin Chen, Xinyi Wang, Xinyu Bai, Long Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11998-024-01037-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11998-024-01037-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Graphitic-phase carbon nitride (CN) is a potential flame retardant due to its unique two-dimensional structure and thermal properties. Here, hexachlorocyclic triphosphate was grafted onto CN to form organic–inorganic crosslinked nanosheets (CPH) through the abundant reactive groups of polydopamine. Then the nickel hydroxide nanosheets were loaded onto the surface of CPH to obtain CPH@Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub> hybrids. The combination of Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub> and CPH can achieve multiple flame-retardant effects with excellent catalytic char formation and gas-phase flame-retardant properties. The results show that CPH@Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>/EP has the highest residual char (30.2%) in the thermogravimetric experiments, which lays the foundation for its high adiabatic properties. Compared with other samples, the CPH@Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>/EP sample exhibits the largest expansion height (24.1 mm), the largest expansion rate (18.83), and the smallest smoke density (38.6%), which indicates a significant increase in the expansion height and smoke suppression properties. The SEM reveals a denser and more complete residual char layer for the CPH@Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>/EP samples. Some metal oxides were embedded in the residual char, which was essential for improving the heat resistance and strength of the char layer. Evidently, CPH@Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub> can effectively improve the flame-retardant properties of epoxy coatings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":619,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Coatings Technology and Research","volume":"22 3","pages":"1113 - 1129"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}