世界病毒学杂志(英文版)最新文献

{"title":"Effect of age on computed tomography findings: Specificity and sensitivity in coronavirus disease 2019 infection.","authors":"Erdal Karavas,&nbsp;Edhem Unver,&nbsp;Sonay Aydın,&nbsp;Gonul Seven Yalcin,&nbsp;Erdem Fatihoglu,&nbsp;Ufuk Kuyrukluyildiz,&nbsp;Yusuf Kemal Arslan,&nbsp;Mustafa Yazici","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v11.i5.331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5501/wjv.v11.i5.331","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in 2019. Although the real-time reverse tr-anscription PCR test for viral nucleic acids is the gold standard for COVID-19 diagnosis, computed tomography (CT) has grown in importance.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of thoracic CT findings of COVID-19 pneumonia according to age groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PCR and CT results from 411 patients were reviewed. The diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia was made by three radiologists. Lymphadenopathy, pericardial effusion, pleurisy, pleural thickening, pleural effusion, location features of the lesions, ground glass, consolidation, air bronchogram, vascular enlargement, bronchial dilatation, halo finding, inverted halo sign, nodularity, air bubble, subpleural band (curvilinear density), reticular density, crazy paving pattern, and fibrosis findings were recorded. The patients were divided into nine groups by decades while calculating the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic efficacy for CT positivity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the cases was 48.1 ± 22.7 years. The CT finding with the highest diagnostic power was ground glass. Vascular enlargement and bronchial dilatation followed ground glass. Peri-cardial effusion was the finding with the lowest diagnostic accuracy. The incidence of lymphadenopathy, pleurisy, pleural thickening, peripheral localization, bilateral, ground glass, vascular enlargement, bronchial dilatation, subpleural band, reticular density, crazy paving appearance, and fibrosis all increased increase significantly with age in patients with positive real-time reverse transcription PCR test.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There are few publications comparing sensitivity and specificity of thoracic CT findings according to age. In cases of COVID-19 pneumonia, there is an increase in the variety and frequency of CT findings with age, and parallel to this the sensitivity and specificity of the findings increase. COVID-19 cases in the pediatric age group have fewer lung findings than adults, and this situation decreases the diagnostic value of CT in pediatric patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"11 5","pages":"331-340"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/29/53/WJV-11-331.PMC9523317.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40390401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validity of the patient health questionnaires (phq-2 and phq-9) for screening depression among human immunodeficiency virus patients in Lahore, Pakistan.","authors":"Khunsa Junaid,&nbsp;Iqra Akram,&nbsp;Muhammad Daood,&nbsp;Amjad Khan","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v11.i5.341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5501/wjv.v11.i5.341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Many human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients suffer from depr-ession, but a little focus is given to detecting and treating depression in primary health care. Detection of depression can be improved by introducing short, reliable, and valid screening instruments.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine the psychometric properties of the patient health questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) and patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depression screening and diagnosis, and the sensitivity and specificity of the PHQ-2 in HIV infected patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 158 HIV-infected patients aged 18 years and above in Lahore, Pakistan. PHQ-2 was implemented to screen depression. PHQ-9 was implemented to diagnose major depressive disorder as a reference standard. Reliability, Validity tests and receiver operating characteristic curve were computed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Cronbach's alpha of PHQ-2 and PHQ-9 were 0.732 and 0.759, respectively. The study results showed that the score of 2 on PHQ-2 indicates the highest Youden's index of 0.924, with both sensitivity and specificity of 0.96, and the area under the curve for PHQ-2 was 0.98 (95%CI: 0.953-0.998).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Good psychometric properties for the PHQ-2 and PHQ-9 indicated their significant potential as tools for depression screening and diagnosis in the HIV-infected population.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"11 5","pages":"341-351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7b/95/WJV-11-341.PMC9523320.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40392630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatitis B virus infection reactivation in patients under immunosuppressive therapies: Pathogenesis, screening, prevention and treatment.","authors":"Anna Maria Spera","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v11.i5.275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5501/wjv.v11.i5.275","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With a 5.3% of the global population involved, hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major public health challenge requiring an urgent response. After a possible acute phase, the natural history of HBV infection can progress in chronicity. Patients with overt or occult HBV infection can undergo HBV reactivation (HBVr) in course of immunosuppressive treatments that, apart from oncological and hem-atological diseases, are also used in rheumatologic, gastrointestinal, neurological and dermatological settings, as well as to treat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. The risk of HBV reactivation is related to the immune status of the patient and the baseline HBV infection condition. The aim of the present paper is to investigate the risk of HBVr in those not oncological settings in order to suggest strategies for preventing and treating this occurrence. The main studies about HBVr for patients with occult hepatitis B infection and chronic HBV infection affected by non-oncologic diseases eligible for immunosuppressive treatment have been analyzed. The occurrence of this challenging event can be reduced screening the population eligible for immunosuppressant to assess the best strategies according to any virological status. Further prospective studies are needed to increase data on the risk of HBVr related to newer immunomodulant agents employed in non-oncological setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"11 5","pages":"275-282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2b/cd/WJV-11-275.PMC9523324.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40392631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection and diabetes: Pathophysiological mechanism of multi-system organ failure.","authors":"Bipradas Roy, Sadia Afrin Runa","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v11.i5.252","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v11.i5.252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the discovery of the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak, a vast majority of studies have been carried out that confirmed the worst outcome of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in people with preexisting health conditions, including diabetes, obesity, hypertension, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Likewise, diabetes itself is one of the leading causes of global public health concerns that impose a heavy global burden on public health as well as socio-economic development. Both diabetes and SARS-CoV-2 infection have their independent ability to induce the pathogenesis and severity of multi-system organ failure, while the co-existence of these two culprits can accelerate the rate of disease progression and magnify the severity of the disease. However, the exact pathophysiology of multi-system organ failure in diabetic patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection is still obscure. This review summarized the organ-specific possible molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 and diabetes-induced pathophysiology of several diseases of multiple organs, including the lungs, heart, kidneys, brain, eyes, gastrointestinal system, and bones, and sub-sequent manifestation of multi-system organ failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"11 5","pages":"252-274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ec/aa/WJV-11-252.PMC9523319.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40392627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mucosal COVID-19 vaccines: Risks, benefits and control of the pandemic.","authors":"Dimitrina Miteva, Monika Peshevska-Sekulovska, Violeta Snegarova, Hristiana Batselova, Radostina Alexandrova, Tsvetelina Velikova","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v11.i5.221","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v11.i5.221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Based on mucosal immunization to promote both mucosal and systemic immune responses, next-generation coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines would be administered intranasally or orally. The goal of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines is to provide adequate immune protection and avoid severe disease and death. Mucosal vaccine candidates for COVID-19 including vector vaccines, recombinant subunit vaccines and live attenuated vaccines are under development. Furthermore, subunit protein vac-cines and virus-vectored vaccines have made substantial progress in preclinical and clinical settings, resulting in SARS-CoV-2 intranasal vaccines based on the previously successfully used nasal vaccines. Additional to their ability to trigger stable, protective immune responses at the sites of pathogenic infection, the development of 'specific' mucosal vaccines targeting coronavirus antigens could be an excellent option for preventing future pandemics. However, their efficacy and safety should be confirmed.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"11 5","pages":"221-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c5/ac/WJV-11-221.PMC9523321.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40392626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 presenting with persistent hiccup and myocardial infarction in a peritoneal dialysis patient: A case report.","authors":"Dimitra Bacharaki,&nbsp;Panagiotis Giannakopoulos,&nbsp;Konstantinos Markakis,&nbsp;Christos Papas,&nbsp;Aikaterini Theodorou,&nbsp;Vasiliki Zoi,&nbsp;Georgios Tsivgoulis,&nbsp;Sophia Lionaki","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v11.i4.198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5501/wjv.v11.i4.198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Persistent hiccups, lasting more than 48 h, have been described as an atypical presentation of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) in the general population. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of persistent hiccups and non-ST elevation myocardial injury (NSTEMI) as an atypical presentation of COVID-19 in a peritoneal dialysis (PD) patient.</p><p><strong>Case summary: </strong>A 70-year old man, who had been on PD for 3 years with a history of ischemic heart failure and reduced ejection fraction, presented for a scheduled radionuclide myocardial scan. Upon arrival, he complained of anorexia, nausea for 5 d, and unremitting hiccups for the previous 48 h. Clinical and laboratory examinations revealed an NSTEMI plus a positive nasopharyngeal reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. COVID-19 lung involvement was mild and was resolved without specific treatment. Myocardial injury was managed by coronary catheterization and stenting, while hiccups responded only to baclofen <i>per os</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Persistent hiccups and NSTEMI can be atypical presentations of COVID-19 in peritoneal dialysis patients, which may be due to involvement of the central nervous system and myocardial injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"11 4","pages":"198-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/08/9d/WJV-11-198.PMC9372788.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33484408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Heart failure in COVID-19 patients: Critical care experience\": A letter to the editor.","authors":"Vasiliki Tsigkou,&nbsp;Gerasimos Siasos,&nbsp;Evangelos Oikonomou,&nbsp;Evanthia Bletsa,&nbsp;Manolis Vavuranakis,&nbsp;Dimitris Tousoulis","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v11.i4.216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5501/wjv.v11.i4.216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with poor cardiovascular outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF) of all categories of ejection fraction (EF), but mainly in patients with HF with reduced EF. Moreover, cardiac transplant patients exhibit worse cardiovascular prognosis, high mortality, and more admissions to the intensive care unit. In general, COVID-19 seems to de-teriorate the clinical status of HF and favors the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiorgan failure, especially in the presence of cardiovascular comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, kidney dysfunction, and older age. COVID-19 may induce new-onset HF with complex mechanisms that involve myocardial injury. Indeed, myocardial injury comprises a large category of detrimental effects for the myocardium, such as myocardial infarction type 1 or type 2, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, microvascular dysfunction and myocarditis, which are not easily distinguished by HF. The pathophysiologic mechanisms mainly involve direct myocardial damage by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, cytokine storm, hypercoagulation, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. The proper management of patients with COVID-19 involves careful patient evaluation and ongoing monitoring for complications such as HF.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"11 4","pages":"216-220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c9/44/WJV-11-216.PMC9372782.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33484409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemsex and its risk factors associated with human immunodeficiency virus among men who have sex with men in Hong Kong.","authors":"Alex Siu Wing Chan,&nbsp;Patrick Ming Kuen Tang,&nbsp;Elsie Yan","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v11.i4.208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5501/wjv.v11.i4.208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We were intrigued by Hanum <i>et al</i>, who published a study on the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in homosexual, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men at sexual health clinics in England and the relationship between baseline variables and future HIV occurrence. Chemically-enhanced sexual experience (chemsex) is becoming a global phenomenon. There are increasing medical and academic concerns about chemsex, where substances are used to boost sexual satisfaction, which is prevalent in groups, especially among homosexuals. Lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transgenders, and queers have become increasingly visible, valued, and committed community. However, chemsex requires urgent attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"11 4","pages":"208-211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6f/b0/WJV-11-208.PMC9372789.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33484406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of SARS-CoV-2 infection is a major challenge in patients with lymphoid malignancies: Warrants a clear therapeutic strategy.","authors":"Tarun Sahu,&nbsp;Henu Kumar Verma,&nbsp;Bhaskar Lvks","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v11.i4.204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5501/wjv.v11.i4.204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients with lymphoid malignancies are at a higher risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection due to their immunocompromised state and results in higher mortality rates in these patients. Anti-CD 20 therapy is one of the leading causes of immunosuppression that worsens in COVID-19 cases. COVID-19 vaccines, on the other hand, appear to be less beneficial to these patients. App-ropriate treatment and recommendations are required for these COVID-19 patients with lymphoid malignancies.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"11 4","pages":"204-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a4/3b/WJV-11-204.PMC9372783.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33484410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 vaccination and myocarditis: A review of current literature.","authors":"Kartik Dhaduk,&nbsp;Jagjit Khosla,&nbsp;Muzna Hussain,&nbsp;Vrunda Mangaroliya,&nbsp;Shaylika Chauhan,&nbsp;Kumar Ashish,&nbsp;Rahul Gupta,&nbsp;Suman Pal","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v11.i4.170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5501/wjv.v11.i4.170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vaccination for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a critical strategy in controlling the current pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). After widespread COVID-19 vaccine imple-mentation, isolated case reports about myocarditis as a potential adverse reaction started coming. As of November 12, 2021, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has reported 1793 cases of myocarditis or pericarditis among young people with age 12-29 years, most cases have been reported in the male adolescent age group after the second dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. It is very important to monitor the safety standards and adverse reactions of vaccines to effectively implement the vaccination policies. The CDC and the United States Food and Drug Administration actively monitor vaccine-associated adverse reactions a well-known platform such as Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System. CDC continues to recommend COVID-19 vaccines and booster doses for eligible individuals (age limit according to the type of vaccine) after careful consideration from risk-benefit assessment and favorable outcomes from vaccination. Mechanisms behind COVID-19 vaccine-induced myocarditis are not clear yet but several possibilities such as molecular mimicry between the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and self-antigens, immune response to mRNA, and activation of host immunological system, trigger of the pre-existing dysregulated immunological system have been documented in the literature. Overall, data suggests a good prognosis, especially in young patients. In this review article, we cover currently available data on COVID-19 vaccine-related myocarditis incidence, concerns, possible mechanisms of myocarditis, current treatment, and outcome trends, risk <i>vs</i> benefit assessment of COVID-19 vaccination in this current pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"11 4","pages":"170-175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a9/92/WJV-11-170.PMC9372786.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33484403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}