世界病毒学杂志(英文版)最新文献

{"title":"Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients who underwent tracheostomy and its effect on outcome: A retrospective observational study.","authors":"Yudhyavir Singh,&nbsp;Kapil Dev Soni,&nbsp;Abhishek Singh,&nbsp;Nikita Choudhary,&nbsp;Fahina Perveen,&nbsp;Richa Aggarwal,&nbsp;Nishant Patel,&nbsp;Shailendra Kumar,&nbsp;Anjan Trikha","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v11.i6.477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5501/wjv.v11.i6.477","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The exponential rise in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases has resulted in an increased number of patients requiring prolonged ventilatory support and subsequent tracheostomy. With the limited availability of literature regarding the outcomes of COVID-19 patients with tracheostomy, we attempted to study the clinical characteristics and multiple parameters affecting the outcomes in these patients.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine all-cause mortality following tracheostomy and its association with various risk factors in COVID-19 patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 73 adult COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU between 1 April, 2020 and 30 September, 2021 who underwent tracheostomy as a result of acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19. The data collected included demographics (age, sex), comorbidities, type of oxygen support at admission, severity of COVID-19, complications, and other parameters such as admission to tracheostomy, intubation to tracheostomy, ICU stay, hospital stay, and outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 73 adult patients with an average age of 52 ± 16.67 years, of which 52% were men. The average time for admission to tracheostomy was 18.12 ± 12.98 days while intubation to tracheostomy was 11.97 ± 9 days. The mortality rate was 71.2% and 28.8% of patients were discharged alive. The mean duration of ICU and hospital stay was 25 ± 11 days and 28.21 ± 11.60 days, respectively. Greater age, severe COVID-19, mechanical ventilation, shock and acute kidney injury were associated with poor prognosis; however, early tracheostomy in intubated patients resulted in better outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with severe COVID-19 requiring mechanical ventilation have a poor prognosis but patients with early tracheostomy may benefit with no added risk. We recommend that the timing of tracheostomy be decided on a case-by-case basis and a well-designed randomised controlled trial should be performed to elucidate the potential benefit of early tracheostomy in such patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"11 6","pages":"477-484"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c2/83/WJV-11-477.PMC9724205.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10378500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cholestatic liver injury: A rare but fatal complication during and after COVID-19 infection.","authors":"Wachira Wongtanasarasin","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v11.i6.435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5501/wjv.v11.i6.435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), resulting from the severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 virus, has transformed our globe and provided a new perspective on respiratory tract infections. However, COVID-19 would not be recognized as a condition restricted to only pneumonia. This narrative review was conducted by searching manuscripts in several databases, including PubMed/ MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Reference Citation Analysis, from December 2019 to July 2022. Many studies have revealed a broad spectrum of potential systemic symptoms, including biliary complications. Although biliary injury has been observed in a very low proportion of COVID-19 patients, it is associated with increased mortalities and long-term morbidities. We identify a cholangiopathy condition in individuals during infection and after recovering from severe COVID-19, defined by a significant increase in serum alkaline phosphatase and signs of bile duct injury. Understanding the pathogeneses behind this condition would help us develop new techniques to prevent these complications. This review thoroughly discusses and summarizes the current information regarding COVID-19-associated cholangiopathy. In addition, the possible explanations for COVID-19-associated cholangiopathy are presented. Since the exact pathogenesis may not be concluded, this review could provide relevant information to encourage additional investigations shortly.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"11 6","pages":"435-442"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/17/70/WJV-11-435.PMC9724201.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9462233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of the pandemic on rehabilitation healthcare services in India: Breaking barriers.","authors":"Raktim Swarnakar,&nbsp;Shiv Lal Yadav","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v11.i6.502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5501/wjv.v11.i6.502","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We would like to highlight the rehabilitation medicine perspective from India. Difficulties are impacted by the pandemic during this time, especially for people with disabilities. Awareness building among the public regarding the need for rehabilitation along with improvement in infrastructure is the key unmet need.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"11 6","pages":"502-504"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8f/7e/WJV-11-502.PMC9724197.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10371653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential risk of liver injury in epileptic patients during COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Nasim Tabrizi, Athena Sharifi-Razavi","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v11.i6.467","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v11.i6.467","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most of the antiseizure medications (ASMs) are metabolized in liver and many of them particularly first-generation ASMs have the potential to increase liver enzymes or induce liver injury. Hence, treatment of new onset seizures or epilepsy by ASMs during the course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which could potentially be complicated by hepatic dysfunction, is a challenging clinical issue. Intravenous form of levetiracetam which has no significant hepatic metabolism or drug-drug interaction is often a favorable option to control seizures in acute phase of COVID-19. Administration of enzyme inducer ASMs and valproate with the well-known hepatotoxicity and common drug interactions is not generally recommended. In patients with epilepsy who are under control with potentially hepatotoxic ASMs, close observation and cautious dose reduction or drug switch should be considered if any evidence of hepatic impairment exists. However, risks of possible breakthrough seizures should be weighed against benefits of lowering the hazard of liver injury. In patients with epilepsy who receive polytherapy with ASMs, transient dose modification with the tendency to increase the dose of ASMs with more favorable safety profile and less drug interaction and decrease the dose of drugs with main hepatic metabolism, high protein binding, potential to cause liver injury and known drug-drug reaction should be considered. Finally, decision making should be individualized based on patients' conditions and course of illness.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"11 6","pages":"467-476"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1c/c0/WJV-11-467.PMC9724200.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10371649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intensive care unit adaptations in the COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons learned.","authors":"Anwar Khedr, David Rokser, Jeanine Borge, Hannah Rushing, Greta Zoesch, Wade Johnson, Han-Yin Wang, April Lanz, Brian N Bartlett, Jessica Poehler, Salim Surani, Syed A Khan","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v11.i6.394","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v11.i6.394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic had deleterious effects on the healthcare systems around the world. To increase intensive care units (ICUs) bed capacities, multiple adaptations had to be made to increase surge capacity. In this editorial, we demonstrate the changes made by an ICU of a midwest community hospital in the United States. These changes included moving patients that used to be managed in the ICU to progressive care units, such as patients requiring non-invasive ventilation and high flow nasal cannula, ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients, and post-neurosurgery patients. Additionally, newer tactics were applied to the processes of assessing oxygen supply and demand, patient care rounds, and post-ICU monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"11 6","pages":"394-398"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4c/1c/WJV-11-394.PMC9724203.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10371650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of COVID-19 on children with autism.","authors":"Mohammed Al-Beltagi,&nbsp;Nermin Kamal Saeed,&nbsp;Adel Salah Bediwy,&nbsp;Rawan Alhawamdeh,&nbsp;Samara Qaraghuli","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v11.i6.411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5501/wjv.v11.i6.411","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affects all countries and populations worldwide, significantly impacting people with autism with a high risk of morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19. Approximately 25% of children with autism have an asymptomatic or symptomatic immune deficiency or dysfunction. In addition, they frequently have various comorbid conditions that increase the severity of COVID-19. In addition, severe COVID-19 during pregnancy may increase the risk of autism in the offspring. Furthermore, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 could target human nervous system tissues due to its neurotrophic effects. The COVID-19 pandemic intensely impacts many patients and families in the autism community, especially the complex management of autism-associated disorders during the complete lockdown. During the complete lockdown, children with autism had difficulties coping with the change in their routine, lack of access to special education services, limited physical space available, and problems related to food and sleep. Additionally, children with autism or intellectual disabilities are more liable to be abused by others during the pandemic when the standard community supports are no longer functioning to protect them. Early detection and vaccination of children with autism against COVID-19 are highly indicated. They should be prioritized for testing, vaccination, and proper management of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases. In this review, we discuss the various effects of COVID-19 on children with autism, the difficulties they face, the increased risk of infection during pregnancy, how to alleviate the impact of COVID-19, and how to correct the inequalities in children with autism.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"11 6","pages":"411-425"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cd/eb/WJV-11-411.PMC9724198.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10378502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global challenge with the SARS-CoV-2 omicron BA.2 (B.1.1.529.2) subvariant: Should we be concerned?","authors":"Jalil Roohani, Masoud Keikha","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v11.i6.496","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v11.i6.496","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BA.2 is a novel omicron offshoot of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that has gone viral. There is limited knowledge regarding this variant of concern. Current evidence suggests that this variant is more contagious but less severe than previous SARS-CoV-2 variants. However, there is concern regarding the virus mutations that could influence pathogenicity, transmissibility, and immune evasion.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"11 6","pages":"496-501"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fb/3a/WJV-11-496.PMC9724199.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10378501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatic manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 infection: Clinical and laboratory perspective.","authors":"Farina M Hanif, Zain Majid, Shoaib Ahmed, Nasir H Luck, Muhammed Mubarak","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v11.i6.453","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v11.i6.453","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has become a global challenge of unprecedented nature since December 2019. Although most patients with COVID-19 exhibit mild clinical manifestations and upper respiratory tract involvement, in approximately 5%-10% of patients, the disease is severe and involves multiple organs, leading to multi-organ dysfunction and failure. The liver and gastrointestinal tract are also frequently involved in COVID-19. In the context of liver involvement in patients with COVID-19, many key aspects need to be addressed in both native and transplanted organs. This review focuses on the clinical presentations and laboratory abnormalities of liver function tests in patients with COVID-19 with no prior liver disease, patients with pre-existing liver diseases and liver transplant recipients. A brief overview of the history of COVID-19 and etiopathogenesis of the liver injury will also be described as a prelude to better understanding the above aspects.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"11 6","pages":"453-466"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d3/2c/WJV-11-453.PMC9724207.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10364176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Musculoskeletal complications in long COVID-19: A systematic review.","authors":"Raktim Swarnakar,&nbsp;Shoibam Jenifa,&nbsp;Sanjay Wadhwa","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v11.i6.485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5501/wjv.v11.i6.485","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has crippled humanity since early 2020. Various sequelae of COVID-19 have been reported in different body systems. Musculoskeletal symptoms are widely reported during COVID-19 infection, but musculoskeletal complications in long COVID-19 are underreported. However, post-COVID-19 survivors have reported complaints of persisting or new-onset fatigue, myalgia, arthralgia, arthritis, muscle weakness, <i>etc</i> in clinical practice. The well-known detrimental effects of steroids on the musculoskeletal system coupled with their over-the-counter availability can also be anticipated since they were the cornerstone of life-saving management in this pandemic.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine the musculoskeletal complications in long COVID.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a systematic review of 'systematic reviews and meta-analyses'.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 63 articles screened, 24 articles were included. Two articles specifically discussed children and adolescents. One article discussed rehabilitation intervention. No article addressed rehabilitation of musculoskeletal issues in long COVID-19 in particular. Fatigue was the most common musculoskeletal complication.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fatigue is found to be very common along with myalgia and arthralgia. There were no studies on rehabilitation intervention in musculoskeletal complications specifically. Considering the lacuna in literature and the needs of the current situation, further studies are warranted to standardize effective rehabilitation interventions in musculoskeletal complications. More homogenous studies are needed. Studies on functional impairment due to musculoskeletal involvement are essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"11 6","pages":"485-495"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/66/e8/WJV-11-485.PMC9724204.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10371651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19-induced liver injury in adult patients: A brief overview.","authors":"Martina Grando,&nbsp;Massimiliano Balbi,&nbsp;Marco Zeppieri","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v11.i6.443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5501/wjv.v11.i6.443","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coronavirus disease has spread worldwide since 2019, causing important pandemic issues and various social health problems to date. Little is known about the origin of this virus and the effects it has on extra-pulmonary organs. The different mechanisms of the virus and the influence it has on humans are still being studied, with hopes of finding a cure for the disease and the pathologies associated with the infection. Liver damage caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is sometimes underestimated and has been of important clinical interest in the past few years. Hepatic dysfunctions can manifest in different forms which can sometimes be mild and without specific signs and symptoms or be severe with important clinical implications. There are several studies that have tried to explain the mechanism of entry (hepatotropism) of the virus into hepatocytes and the effects the virus has on this important organ. What clearly emerges from the current literature is that hepatic injury represents an important clinical aspect in the management of patients infected with COVID-19, especially in frail patients and those with comorbidities. The aim of our brief overview is to summarize the current literature regarding the forms of hepatic damage, complications, mechanisms of pathology, clinical features of liver injury, influence of comorbidities and clinical management in patients with COVID-19 infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"11 6","pages":"443-452"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/26/82/WJV-11-443.PMC9724208.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10364173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}