世界病毒学杂志(英文版)最新文献

{"title":"Detection of dengue virus encephalitis in central part of Sri Lanka.","authors":"Inuri Perera, Achini Weerathunga, Nipuni Arachchige, Lakmali Rajamanthri, Sachini Fernando, Rohitha Muthugala","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i4.115071","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i4.115071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In tropical Asia, arbovirus-induced encephalitis continues to be a serious public health issue. Encephalitis is caused by wide range of neurotropic pathogens, and flaviviruses are one of the main causative agents in the area. Sri Lanka reports a considerable number of central nervous system infections annually. Both dengue and Japanese encephalitis are endemic, and cases of Zika and West Nile virus infections were reported occasionally in Sri Lanka. Although reported number of Japanese encephalitis cases has reduced in the past, aetiological diagnosis in majority of encephalitis cases is still unknown.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To detect dengue virus (DENV) infections in individuals in the central region of Sri Lanka who were clinically suspected of having encephalitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective observational analysis was conducted on 99 cerebrospinal fluid samples received to a virology laboratory from patients in the central part of Sri Lanka who were clinically suspected of having encephalitis. Samples were analyzed using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with universal flavivirus primers to detect flaviviral RNA followed by DENV serotyping real-time RT-PCR, and an immunoglobulin M (IgM) detection enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect IgM antibodies indicative of a possible recent DENV infection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DENV aetiology was detected in 6 (6.06%) cerebrospinal fluid samples, and all were confirmed as DENV infections. A single positive result (1.01%) was yielded through RT-PCR and was identified as DENV serotype 3. Serology testing detected 05 (5.05%) anti-dengue IgM positives and further investigation indicated probable DENV aetiology. Among positives 02 (33.33%) were children (aged less than 14 years), and rest were adults.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings underscore the presence of DENV-associated central nervous system infections and highlight the need for broader surveillance and more advanced diagnostic approaches in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"14 4","pages":"115071"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12754524/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145890549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolving trends in hepatitis A epidemiology: Shifting patterns, emerging risks, and future strategies.","authors":"Ammara Abdul Majeed, Maham Sarfraz, Amna Subhan Butt","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i4.112590","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i4.112590","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatitis A, a vaccine-preventable liver infection caused by the hepatitis A virus, is undergoing significant epidemiological shifts worldwide. Traditionally considered a disease of childhood in endemic regions, improved sanitation, economic development, and widespread vaccination have led to a decline in incidence, particularly in developed nations. However, this decline has resulted in a growing population of susceptible adults, increasing the risk of severe outbreaks. Additionally, changes in travel patterns, urbanization, and socioeconomic disparities have altered disease distribution, leading to sporadic outbreaks in low-endemicity regions and a rising burden in certain high-risk populations. This review explores the evolving epidemiology of hepatitis A, emphasizing the transition from endemic childhood infections to adult susceptibility. We examine the impact of changing risk factors, including shifting demographics, increased international travel, and regional disparities in vaccination coverage. Furthermore, the review highlights the emergence of new viral strains and their potential implications for disease control. Updated vaccination policies, including targeted immunization strategies and their role in preventing outbreaks, are also discussed. Given these dynamic changes, continued surveillance and public health preparedness tailored to evolving risk groups are crucial for sustained hepatitis A control. By synthesizing recent epidemiological data and policy updates, this review provides insights into the future of hepatitis A prevention and control, offering guidance for clinicians, researchers, and public health professionals.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"14 4","pages":"112590"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12754557/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145890553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-COVID-19 health-related quality of life in India: A systematic review and meta-analytic assessment of recovery outcomes.","authors":"Shubhanjali Roy, Puja Samanta, Archita Sen, Arka Ghosh, Saurav Basu","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i4.113507","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i4.113507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had profound physical, psychological, and social consequences, with lasting effects on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among people with a history of COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To synthesize the current evidence on HRQoL and long-term health outcomes among people with a history of COVID-19 in India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We incorporated studies from India reporting post-COVID HRQoL outcomes using validated instruments, including the 5-level EuroQol 5-Dimensional questionnaire, the EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale, the Short Form-36 Health Survey, the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief Version, and the European Health Interview Survey-Quality of Life. Pooled mean 5-level EuroQol 5-Dimensional questionnaire scores with 95%CIs were calculated for HRQoL. Adjusted odds ratios were pooled for comorbidity, disease severity, intensive care unit admission, age, sex, and vaccination status using random-effects models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three studies (<i>n</i> = 1526) reported EuroQol instruments, with the 5-level EuroQol 5-Dimensional questionnaire utility scores suitable for quantitative pooling. The pooled mean utility was 0.83 (95%CI: 0.75-0.92), although heterogeneity was high because the included studies represented clinically distinct populations. Across all studies, several determinants were consistently associated with impaired HRQoL. Older adults (≥ 60 years) had higher odds of poor HRQoL [pooled odds ratio (OR) = 1.83, 95%CI: 1.43-2.35], and females were more likely to experience impaired HRQoL (pooled OR = 1.74, 95%CI: 1.44-2.10), whereas males had a lower risk (pooled OR = 0.58, 95%CI: 0.48-0.70). Being unvaccinated increased the likelihood of persistent symptoms or reduced HRQoL (pooled OR = 1.60, 95%CI: 1.21-2.14). Comorbidity (pooled OR = 1.94, 95%CI: 1.43-2.63) and severe acute COVID-19 or intensive care unit admission (pooled OR = 2.77, 95%CI: 2.13-3.59) were also strongly associated with poorer HRQoL Six additional studies utilizing disparate instruments (EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale, Short Form-36 Health Survey, World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief Version, European Health Interview Survey-Quality of Life) were excluded from quantitative synthesis due to measurement heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Post-COVID HRQoL in people with a history of COVID-19 in India is suboptimal, with greater impairment observed among older adults, females, patients with comorbidities or severe disease, and unvaccinated individuals. These findings highlight the need for targeted rehabilitation and preventive strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"14 4","pages":"113507"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12754544/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145890592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human bocavirus: As an emerging respiratory pathogen.","authors":"Tharushi Nawodhya Fernando, Dilakshini Dayananda, Rohitha Muthugala","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i4.115043","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i4.115043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are the main cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially among children. The human bocavirus (HBoV) is a non-enveloped DNA virus that was recently identified as a respiratory pathogen associated with respiratory tract infections (RTIs), predominantly in infants and young children. It is also detected from the gastrointestinal tract in children. The prevalence of HBoV1 acute respiratory tract infection varies across age groups, ranging from 10.3% to 12.51% in individuals under 3 years of age. The spectrum of clinical presentation includes mild upper RTIs, acute exacerbation of asthma, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and multi-organ failure. Although HBoV is often detected in patients with ARIs who have other respiratory viruses (17%-85%), recent studies have identified it as the sole aetiology for mild to severe ARIs. Children with pre-existing medical conditions infected with HBoV often have a risk of severe illness. HBoV infection is diagnosed primarily by detecting viral DNA in respiratory samples using molecular methods. Currently, there is no specific antiviral treatment for HBoV infections and the cases are managed symptomatically. General preventive measures used for the prevention of viral RTIs are applicable, as there is no effective vaccine against this virus. The HBoV has been implicated in RTIs, particularly in children, and has also been detected in cases of gastroenteritis. Despite its global prevalence, the exact pathogenic role of HBoV remains unclear due to frequent co-infections with other viruses. This mini-review discusses the virology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and potential treatment approaches related to HBoV infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"14 4","pages":"115043"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12754525/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145890520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thrombotic risk in hepatitis C: Interplay between hepatic dysfunction, viral-driven inflammation, and cardiovascular consequences.","authors":"Mohammed Zohery, Sarah Jahangir, Hamed Carter Jenna, Shiza Sarfraz, Hadeera Ali, Muhammad Raza, Taha Rafiq, Dushyant Singh Dahiya, Vinay Jahagirdar, Hassam Ali","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i4.113217","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i4.113217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, traditionally regarded as a hepatotropic disease, is increasingly recognized as a systemic condition with significant thrombotic implications. Chronic HCV induces a persistent proinflammatory and prothrombotic state that substantially elevates the risk of both venous and arterial events. Mechanistically, HCV drives endothelial dysfunction, enhances platelet activation, disrupts coagulation and fibrinolytic balance, and promotes immune-mediated vascular injury through cryoglobulinemia and chronic systemic inflammation. Clinical manifestations range from portal vein thrombosis and venous thromboembolism to coronary artery disease and ischemic stroke, highlighting the far-reaching consequences of virus-driven coagulopathy. Emerging evidence challenges the historical view of cirrhosis as a \"naturally anticoagulated\" state, instead describing a fragile hemostatic balance prone to both bleeding and thrombosis. Direct-acting antiviral therapy has transformed outcomes, not only achieving sustained virological response but also reversing systemic inflammation, improving endothelial function, and reducing thrombotic complications. However, patients with advanced fibrosis and comorbidities remain at elevated risk despite viral clearance, underscoring the need for ongoing surveillance. This minireview highlights the interplay between hepatic dysfunction, viral-induced inflammation, and cardiovascular sequelae in chronic HCV, emphasizing the importance of integrating thrombotic risk assessment into clinical care and research frameworks.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"14 4","pages":"113217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12754550/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145890572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence to antiviral treatment among people living with chronic hepatitis B: A global survey.","authors":"Suzanne J Block, Yasmin Ibrahim, Chari Cohen","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i4.110951","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i4.110951","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Current antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis B can suppress viral replication and reduce the risk of cirrhosis and liver cancer. It requires lifelong daily medication, and long-term adherence is often cited as a concern when initiating treatment. Hepatitis B treatment adherence in the context of the patient's medical and life experiences remains underexplored.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate factors associated with adherence to hepatitis B oral antiviral treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A global online survey was administered anonymously to adults (aged 18 years or older) living with chronic hepatitis B. A subsample of 614 individuals who reported being on hepatitis B treatment was included in the analysis. Indices for treatment affordability, healthcare service acceptability, and individual physical, psychological, and emotional functioning were constructed (Cronbach's alpha = 0.71-0.83). Data analysis was conducted using Stata/BE 17.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 81% of respondents reported high adherence to hepatitis B treatment. Lower adherence was observed among individuals who identified as African or African American (<i>P</i> = 0.008). Among participants with low adherence, 60% cited affordability as a challenge (<i>P</i> = 0.068), 53% identified healthcare service acceptability as a challenge (<i>P</i> = 0.04), 79% described physical functioning as a challenge (<i>P</i> = 0.002), and 40.5% reported difficulties with psychological functioning (<i>P</i> = 0.55).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings demonstrate high treatment adherence, although access to and acceptability of healthcare services, as well as an individual's physical functioning challenges, appear to be related to low adherence.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"14 4","pages":"110951"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12754545/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145890603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-life practice of Kelleni's protocol in treatment and post exposure prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2 HV.1 and JN.1 subvariants.","authors":"Mina Thabet Kelleni","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.107903","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.107903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article discusses the evolving real-world practice using nitazoxanide, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and/or azithromycin (Kelleni's protocol) to manage the evolving manifestations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron EG.5.1, its descendant HV.1 as well as BA.2.86 and its descendant JN.1 subvariants in Egypt in 2024. These subvariants are well-known for their highly evolved immune-evasive properties and the manifestations include some peculiar manifestations as persistent cough besides high fever in young children as well as high fever, persistent severe cough, change of voice, loss of taste and smell, epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, generalized malaise and marked bone aches in adults including the high-risk groups. It's suggested that the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 evolution is continuing to mostly affect the high-risk groups of patients, to some of whom we've also successfully prescribed nitazoxanide and/or NSAIDs for post-exposure prophylaxis of all household contacts. We also continue to recommend starting the immune-modulatory antiviral Kelleni's protocol as soon as possible in the course of infection and adjusting it in a personalized manner to be more aggressive from the beginning for the high risk patients, at least until the currently encountered surge of infections subsides.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"14 3","pages":"107903"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12476816/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145193061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatitis C virus-associated cardiomyopathy: A review of pathogenesis.","authors":"Inderjeet Singh Bharaj, Gurkaranvir Singh, Ajit Singh Brar, Aayushi Kacheria, Jasraj Kahlon, Billal Mohmand, Aalam Sohal, Beeletsega T Yeneneh","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.108754","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.108754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) affects millions of individuals globally and is linked to dilated cardiomyopathy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy <i>via</i> complex direct viral, immune, and metabolic mechanisms, often exacerbated by cirrhosis, increasing cardiovascular morbidity.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To review the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy in patients infected with HCV and investigate its clinical implications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A narrative literature review (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar; 1990-2024) focused on English-language studies examining the HCV-cardiomyopathy link, pathophysiology, and treatment. The findings were qualitatively synthesized.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HCV drives cardiomyopathy through direct viral toxicity, immune damage, genetic factors, and apoptosis. The associated cirrhosis contributes <i>via</i> cirrhotic cardiomyopathy mechanisms. Clinically, HCV increases cardiovascular events. Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) generally improve cardiovascular outcomes by reducing adverse events and enhancing cardiac function.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HCV is a significant cardiomyopathy risk factor involving diverse pathways, including cirrhosis. DAA therapy offers cardiovascular benefits. Further research on the underlying mechanisms, biomarkers (<i>e.g.</i>, M2BPGi, Ang-2), and global DAA access is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"14 3","pages":"108754"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12476814/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145194047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study characteristics on health-related quality of life in older people living with human immunodeficiency virus: A narrative review.","authors":"Phan Sok, Mary V Seeman, Sean B Rourke","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.111071","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.111071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are aging as a result the benefits of combination antiretroviral therapy.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To provide descriptions of eligible existing studies on demographics, methodologies, and outcome measures related to health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in the context of HIV and aging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, and PsycINFO databases were systematically searched using the terms HIV, age, and HRQoL to find studies published between January 1995 and June 2022. Key variables of the eligible studies were identified and categorized into demographics (<i>e.g.</i>, study sites, study year), methodologies (<i>e.g.</i>, use of conceptual frameworks, measures used), and outcome measures [<i>e.g.</i>, HRQoL, quality of life (QoL)]. The PRISMA 2009 checklist was followed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 68 published studies involving 53504 participants were included. The majority of the studies (55.88%) were conducted in North America, with relatively few studies conducted in Africa. The median age of participants was 51.0 years (IQR = 11.0). Over one-third (32.56%) of all participants were older people living with HIV aged 50 years and older Four studies included only older female participants, and six studies included only men who have sex with men. Outcome measures were assessed as HRQoL (26.47%) or QoL (36.76%). Overall, data from African studies, older women living with HIV, socioeconomic status (<i>e.g.</i>, employment, income, education), sexual behavioral risks, theoretical frameworks used, and follow-up studies were limited.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This narrative review highlights imbalances and gaps in research on HRQoL in the context of HIV and aging, providing direction for future studies in this area.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"14 3","pages":"111071"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12476819/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145193848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non hepatotropic virus induced hepatitis - rising importance in a changing world.","authors":"Gautam Ray","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.107905","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.107905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A knowledge of the epidemiology and clinical aspects of non-hepatotropic viruses is becoming increasingly important in lieu of the rising incidence of acute liver injury caused by them in various circumstances. Broadly, they include the <i>Herpesviridae</i> group, the hemorrhagic fever viruses and certain respiratory viruses that infect the liver. They can affect both the immunocompetent and the immunocompromised individual, more commonly the latter as part of disseminated systemic infection with symptoms ranging from self-limited transaminitis to acute liver failure Various reasons for their rising importance are increased exposure to these viruses by way of: (1) Overcrowding, climatic and environmental changes, increasing tourism and settlement in hitherto unexplored areas where they are endemic and spread either by direct contact or through local fauna which serve as their reservoir host; and (2) Tampering with the normal protective human immunity by using immunomodulator drugs in scenarios of organ transplants, immune and non-immune related inflammatory disorders and various cancers, all of which are rising in incidence due to the aging world population living longer with many comorbidities. As such infections are relatively rare with non-specific presentation, and self-limited clinical course, they are seldom thought of or investigated for in the early disease stages which lead to the development of complications. This review of the most common non-hepatotropic viruses focusses on their epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and management. They should be listed in the differential diagnosis of acute liver injury in appropriate clinical setting like recent travel to endemic areas, immunocompromised state, or exposure to these viruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"14 3","pages":"107905"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12476818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145193995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}