世界病毒学杂志(英文版)最新文献

{"title":"Lab results of COVID-19 patients: Omicron <i>vs</i> delta variants.","authors":"Dana Avraham, Amir Herman, Gal Shaham, Arkady Shklyar, Elina Sulim, Maria Oulianski","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v13.i2.90761","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v13.i2.90761","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus has been a world-known pandemic since February 2020. Multiple variances had been established; the most common variants in Israel were omicron and delta.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To analyze and compare laboratory values in the \"omicron\" and \"delta\" variants of the coronavirus by conducting follow-up examinations and laboratory audits on COVID-19 patients admitted to our institution.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study, two groups, 50 patients in each group. Patients examined positive for COVID-19 were divided into groups according to the common variant at the given time. We reviewed demographic data and laboratory results such as complete blood count and full chemistry, including electrolytes and coagulation parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age was 52%, 66.53 ± 21.7 were female. No significance was found comparing laboratory results in the following disciplines: Blood count, hemoglobin, and lymphocytes (<i>P</i> = 0.41, <i>P</i> = 0.87, <i>P</i> = 0.97). Omicron and delta variants have higher neutrophil counts, though they are not significantly different (<i>P</i> = 0.38). Coagulation tests: Activated paritial thromoplastin test and international normalized ratio (<i>P</i> = 0.72, <i>P</i> = 0.68). We found no significance of abnormality for all electrolytes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study compares laboratory results of blood tests between two variants of the COVID-19 virus - omicron and delta. We found no significance between the variants. Our results show the need for further research with larger data as well as the need to compare all COVID-19 variants.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"13 2","pages":"90761"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11229843/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141565261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parents's knowledge and awareness about hepatitis B can influence the vaccination of their children.","authors":"Nanda Chhavi, Geetika Srivastava, Mariya Waseem, Abhishek Yadav, Surender Singh, Rajani Singh, Amit Goel","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v13.i2.92115","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v13.i2.92115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Birth-dose (Hep-BD) followed by three additional doses (Hep-B3) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine are key to eliminating HBV by 2030. Unfortunately, Hep-BD and Hep-B3 coverage in our country is poor.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To studied the parent's knowledge and awareness about HBV infection, its prevention, consequences and vaccination.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Parents of 6 months to 8 years old children were interviewed to assess their knowledge & awareness about hepatitis B, its transmission, prevention, illness caused by this, and vaccination. Eighteen close-ended questions were administered, and responses were recorded as 'yes', 'no', or 'not sure'. HBV knowledge score was calculated based on the sum of correct answers. Each correct response scored one point and incorrect, missing or 'not sure' responses received no points. Categorical data are presented as number (%) and numerical data are expressed as median. Data were compared using Chi² tests and level of significance was kept as <i>P</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Parents (58.3% mothers) of 384 children (89.9% age < 5 years; 82% age-appropriately vaccinated) were included. Three hundred and twenty-two (83.9%) children were Hep-B3 vaccinated. 94.3%, 87.5%, and 29.2% parents knew about polio, tetanus, and hepatitis B vaccine. Overall, 41.2%, 15.8%, and 23% parents knew about hepatitis B transmission, consequences of infection, and prevention respectively. Only 7.6% parents knew about three-dose schedule of hepatitis B vaccination. Only 23% parents believed that vaccine could prevent HBV, 15.7% knew that HBV affects liver. Parents of Hep-B3 vaccinated children were significantly more aware about HBV than the parents of unvaccinated children (<i>P</i> < 0.05 for 17/18 questions).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The knowledge and awareness among the parents about hepatitis B is poor. The Increasing knowledge/awareness about HBV among parents may improve Hep-B3 vaccination coverage.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"13 2","pages":"92115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11229838/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141565265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing immunity: Immunomodulatory therapies in COVID-19.","authors":"Tsvetelina Velikova, Hristo Valkov, Anita Aleksandrova, Monika Peshevska-Sekulovska, Metodija Sekulovski, Russka Shumnalieva","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v13.i2.92521","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v13.i2.92521","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An overly exuberant immune response, characterized by a cytokine storm and uncontrolled inflammation, has been identified as a significant driver of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases. Consequently, deciphering the intricacies of immune dysregulation in COVID-19 is imperative to identify specific targets for intervention and modulation. With these delicate dynamics in mind, immunomodulatory therapies have emerged as a promising avenue for mitigating the challenges posed by COVID-19. Precision in manipulating immune pathways presents an opportunity to alter the host response, optimizing antiviral defenses while curbing deleterious inflammation. This review article comprehensively analyzes immunomodulatory interventions in managing COVID-19. We explore diverse approaches to mitigating the hyperactive immune response and its impact, from corticosteroids and non-steroidal drugs to targeted biologics, including anti-viral drugs, cytokine inhibitors, JAK inhibitors, convalescent plasma, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, cell-based therapies (<i>i.e.,</i> CAR T, <i>etc.</i>). By summarizing the current evidence, we aim to provide a clear roadmap for clinicians and researchers navigating the complex landscape of immunomodulation in COVID-19 treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"13 2","pages":"92521"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11229839/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141565209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long chikungunya? An overview to immunopathology of persistent arthralgia.","authors":"Jayme Euclydes Picasky Silveira-Freitas, Maria Luiza Campagnolo, Mariana Dos Santos Cortez, Fabrício Freire de Melo, Ana Carla Zarpelon-Schutz, Kádima Nayara Teixeira","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v13.i2.89985","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v13.i2.89985","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chikungunya fever (CF) is caused by an arbovirus whose manifestations are extremely diverse, and it has evolved with significant severity in recent years. The clinical signs triggered by the Chikungunya virus are similar to those of other arboviruses. Generally, fever starts abruptly and reaches high levels, followed by severe polyarthralgia and myalgia, as well as an erythematous or petechial maculopapular rash, varying in severity and extent. Around 40% to 60% of affected individuals report persistent arthralgia, which can last from months to years. The symptoms of CF mainly represent the tissue tropism of the virus rather than the immunopathogenesis triggered by the host's immune system. The main mechanisms associated with arthralgia have been linked to an increase in T helper type 17 cells and a consequent increase in receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand and bone resorption. This review suggests that persistent arthralgia results from the presence of viral antigens post-infection and the constant activation of signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 7 in synovial macrophages, leading to local infiltration of CD4+ T cells, which sustains the inflammatory process in the joints through the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The term \"long chikungunya\" was used in this review to refer to persistent arthralgia since, due to its manifestation over long periods after the end of the viral infection, this clinical condition seems to be characterized more as a sequel than as a symptom, given that there is no active infection involved.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"13 2","pages":"89985"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11229846/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141565262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Driving forces of continuing evolution of rotaviruses.","authors":"Mohamad Saifudin Hakim, Faris Muhammad Gazali, Suci Ardini Widyaningsih, Mohammad Khalid Parvez","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v13.i2.93774","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v13.i2.93774","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rotaviruses are non-enveloped double-stranded RNA virus that causes acute diarrheal diseases in children (< 5 years). More than 90% of the global rotavirus infection in humans was caused by Rotavirus group A. Rotavirus infection has caused more than 200000 deaths annually and predominantly occurs in the low-income countries. Rotavirus evolution is indicated by the strain dynamics or the emergence of the unprecedented strain. The major factors that drive the rotavirus evolution include the genetic shift that is caused by the reassortment mechanism, either in the intra- or the inter-genogroup. However, other factors are also known to have an impact on rotavirus evolution. This review discusses the structure and types, epidemiology, and evolution of rotaviruses. This article also reviews other supplemental factors of rotavirus evolution, such as genetic reassortment, mutation rate, glycan specificity, vaccine introduction, the host immune responses, and antiviral drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"13 2","pages":"93774"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11229848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141565207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the impact of rotavirus vaccination on antibiotic prescription and resistance: A comprehensive systematic review.","authors":"Lakshmi Venkata Simhachalam Kutikuppala, Matei-Alexandru Cozma, Gautam Maddineni, Harshal Prakash Chorya, Nayanika Tummala, Swathi Godugu, Jyothi Swaroop Chintala, Mihnea-Alexandru Găman","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v13.i2.92586","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v13.i2.92586","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rotavirus is a highly contagious virus responsible for a significant burden of acute gastroenteritis, particularly among infants and young children worldwide, however, vaccination against this viral agent is available. Several studies have hypothesized that rotavirus vaccination has been linked to lower rates of antibiotic resistance.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess the relationship between rotavirus vaccination and antibiotic resistance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present systematic review was tailored based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Several electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science) were searched independently by two investigators in order to retrieve relevant publications published until April 2023 that investigated the aforementioned research question.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The comprehensive database search identified a total of 91 records. After the duplicates were removed (<i>n</i> = 75), we screened the titles and abstracts of 16 potentially eligible publications. After the irrelevant records were excluded (<i>n</i> = 5), we screened the full texts of 11 manuscripts. Finally, 5 studies were entered into the qualitative and quantitative analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, all the studies support the idea that vaccinations can reduce the need for antibiotic prescriptions which could potentially contribute to mitigating antibiotic resistance. However, to fully comprehend the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, enhance treatment guidelines, and consider diverse demographic situations, further research is necessary to use evidence-based strategies to fight antibiotic misuse and resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"13 2","pages":"92586"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11229841/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141565208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatitis E virus infections.","authors":"Basavraj S Nagoba, Abhijit S Rayate","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v13.i2.90951","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v13.i2.90951","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is now endemic worldwide. Most patients with acute infection recover uneventfully. Outbreaks and sporadic cases, particularly in high-risk individuals are emerging increasingly. The patients with risk factors like pregnancy and pre-existing chronic liver disease, present with or progress rapidly to severe disease. Immuno-suppression in post-transplant patients is an additional risk factor. Standardized FDA-approved diagnostic tests are the need of the hour. Further studies are needed to establish guideline-based treatment regimen and outbreak preparedness for HEV to decrease global morbidity, mortality, and healthcare burden. Policies for screening donors and transplant cases are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"13 2","pages":"90951"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11229837/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141565210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paradigm shift in transfusion practices during early COVID-19 pandemic: A single center retrospective study.","authors":"Sumukh Arun Kumar, Sushmita Prabhu, Ankushi Sanghvi, Maya Gogtay, Mithil Gowda Suresh, Harshit Khosla, Yuvaraj Singh, Ajay Kumar Mishra, Susan George","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v13.i2.92944","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v13.i2.92944","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The advent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) unveiled the worst national blood crisis that the United States had witnessed in over a decade. With the pandemic influencing the different stages of the acquisition of blood products outside the hospital setting, we aimed to explore the possible barriers contributing to the shortage of blood products within the medical community.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess the adherence to restrictive blood transfusion practices for patients in the COVID era and pre-COVID era.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study on hospitalized patients distinguishing the pattern of blood transfusion during the COVID and pre-COVID era in a community hospital. Data was tabulated to include the number of red blood cell (RBC) transfusions and if transfusions met restrictive blood transfusion criteria as per institutional guidelines. Chi-square was applied to test the statistical association between qualitative variables. Unpaired <i>t</i> test and Mann Whitney <i>U</i> test were applied respectively to test the mean difference of quantitative variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 208 patients were included in the study, of which 108 were during COVID era and 100 were during pre-COVID era. The leading reason for admission in both the COVID era and pre-COVID era transfused patients was shortness of breath (53.7% and 36% <i>P</i> = 0.001), followed by gastrointestinal bleeding (25.9% and 21% <i>P</i> = 0.001). There was a higher percentage of RBC transfusions in the intensive care unit in the COVID-era group than in the pre-COVID era group (38.9% <i>vs</i> 22%, <i>P</i> = 0.008). The restrictive transfusion criteria were met in 62% <i>vs</i> 79% in the COVID and pre-COVID eras, respectively (<i>P</i> = 0.008).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The COVID-era group received RBC transfusions with less stringent adherence to restrictive blood transfusion practices in comparison to pre-COVID era group.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"13 2","pages":"92944"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11229847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141565264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined prevention and treatment measures are essential to control nosocomial infections during the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Jing-Wen Liu, Yue-Yue Li, Ming-Ke Wang, Ji-Shun Yang","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v13.i2.91286","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v13.i2.91286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 is a highly contagious positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus that has rapidly spread worldwide. As of December 17, 2023, 772838745 confirmed cases including 6988679 deaths have been reported globally. This virus primarily spreads through droplets, airborne transmission, and direct contact. Hospitals harbor a substantial number of confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and asymptomatic carriers, accompanied by high population density and a larger susceptible population. These factors serve as potential triggers for nosocomial infections, posing a threat during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nosocomial infections occur to varying degrees across different countries worldwide, emphasizing the urgent need for a practical approach to prevent and control the intra-hospital spread of COVID-19. This study primarily concentrated on a novel strategy combining preventive measures with treatment for combating COVID-19 nosocomial infections. It suggests preventive methods, such as vaccination, disinfection, and training of heathcare personnel to curb viral infections. Additionally, it explored therapeutic strategies targeting cellular inflammatory factors and certain new medications for COVID-19 patients. These methods hold promise in rapidly and effectively preventing and controlling nosocomial infections during the COVID-19 pandemic and provide a reliable reference for adopting preventive measures in the future pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"13 2","pages":"91286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11229840/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141565206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on routine childhood vaccinations.","authors":"Shi-Rong Lv, Ming-Ke Wang, Xue-Lu Yu, Xin-Yue Li, Ji-Shun Yang","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v13.i2.90271","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v13.i2.90271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Routine pediatric vaccination is one of the most effective public health inter-ventions for the control of a number of fatal diseases. However, during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, routine pediatric vaccination rates were severely affected by disruptions of health services and vaccine confidence issues. Governments and the United Nations have taken measures to re-establish routine pediatric vaccination, while additional efforts are needed to catch up and develop plans to ensure routine vaccination services for the future pandemics.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"13 2","pages":"90271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11229842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141565235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}