Journal of Cluster Science最新文献

{"title":"Hydrothermally Synthesized Ag Decorated ZnO/MWCNT Nanocomposites: Characterization and Enhanced Antibacterial Efficacy","authors":"Aisan Hosseinpour,&nbsp;Mohammad Bagher Rahmani,&nbsp;Farkhondeh Rezaii","doi":"10.1007/s10876-025-02873-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10876-025-02873-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Given the urgent global health threat posed by antimicrobial resistance and the limitations of conventional antibiotics, this research explores the simultaneous effects of silver (Ag) decoration and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) combined with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures as a promising alternative with enhanced antibacterial efficiency. The Ag-decorated nanocomposites were hydrothermally synthesized with varying MWCNT concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5 wt%). Versatile techniques were applied to characterize the morphological, elemental composition, optical, and structural characteristics of the prepared samples. A significant band gap reduction from 3.17 eV for pristine ZnO to 2.97 eV for 5% MWCNT sample and enhanced visible light absorption were observed, indicating improved optical properties. Antibacterial tests revealed that Ag-decorated ZnO (ZA) and 1% MWCNT (ZAC 1) samples showed the highest activity against Escherichia coli (zone of inhibition diameter (ZOI) = 10.0 mm at 25 mg/mL, MIC = 1.56 mg/mL, MBC = 3.12 mg/mL) and Staphylococcus aureus (ZOI = 10.0 mm at 25 mg/mL, MIC = 1.56 mg/mL, MBC = 3.12 mg/mL), respectively, using disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Higher CNT concentrations caused nanotube aggregation, thereby decreasing antibacterial efficacy. The results of this study emphasize the potential use of synthesized nanocomposites in biomedical disinfection technologies and other related applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cluster Science","volume":"36 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145168902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized SNEDDS of Riluzole for Alzheimer’s Disease: Enhancing Solubility, Bioavailability, and Therapeutic Efficacy in Scopolamine-induced Rats Model","authors":"Md. Amanullah Haidar,&nbsp;Nasr A. Emad,&nbsp;Mohd. Danish Ansari,&nbsp;Saeem Ahmad,&nbsp;Shadab Alam,&nbsp;Saba Yasmin,&nbsp;Nishat Saba,&nbsp;Mohd. Aqil,&nbsp;Yasmin Sultana","doi":"10.1007/s10876-025-02919-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10876-025-02919-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) include a gradual deterioration in cognitive abilities, hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins, and the aggregation of amyloid-beta (Aβ). Riluzole, a neuroprotective agent, shows promise in mitigating glutamate-induced excitotoxicity; however, its poor solubility (BCS Class II) limits its therapeutic efficacy. This study aimed to develop and optimize a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) to enhance Riluzole’s solubility, bioavailability, and therapeutic effects in AD. The formulation was optimized using Design Expert (BBD), with independent variables including oil (2–5%), surfactant mixture (Smix, 5–20%), and sonication time (30–60 s). The optimized SNEDDS were subjected to physicochemical characterization, a drug release study, gut permeation, and in vivo pharmacokinetic and behavioral assessments in scopolamine-induced AD rats. The optimized Riluzole SNEDDS showed a particle size of 136.5 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.264, zeta potential of − 26.13 mV, and transmittance of 91.3%, indicating nanoscale dispersion. In vitro drug release was significantly higher (84.65% in 12 h) than Riluzole suspension (34.94%). Gut permeation studies revealed 2.08-fold higher drug permeability with SNEDDS. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed 2.21-fold increased bioavailability (AUC₀₋ₜ 6437.92 ± 34.76 ng·h/ml) and 1.7-fold increased half-life compared to suspension. Behavioral assessments demonstrated significant memory improvement (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001) in AD rats treated with Riluzole SNEDDS. The optimized Riluzole SNEDDS formulation significantly improved drug solubility, bioavailability, and cognitive function in AD rats, demonstrating its potential as an effective therapeutic strategy for AD.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cluster Science","volume":"36 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green Synthesis of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles: Optimisation, Characterisation and Antibacterial Potential Against Listeria monocytogenes","authors":"Vaibhav Bharat Rokade,&nbsp;Raghu Vishweswaraiah,&nbsp;Shilpa Vij","doi":"10.1007/s10876-025-02877-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10876-025-02877-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biogenic nanoparticles effectively control <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> in food processing areas due to their biocompatibility and non-toxic nature towards the environment. In this study, we synthesised magnesium oxide nanoparticles (G-MgO NPs) using <i>Syzygium cumini</i> as the reducing and stabilising agent. The parameters affecting the green synthesis process, including pH, precursor concentration and volume, extract volume, and temperature, were optimised for G-MgO NPs. The spectroscopic and microscopic analyses were used to characterise the prepared G-MgO NPs. The UV-visible spectra absorbance at 291 nm indicates the formation of nanoparticles. Zeta potential illustrated that the G-MgO NPs surface charges were 12.4 ± 5.2 mV. FESEM results demonstrated a particulate size range of 36 ± 0.7 nm. FTIR spectra analysis showed the presence of magnesium oxide functional groups at 428 cm⁻¹, and EDX profiling identified the magnesium and oxygen elements in the nanoparticle composition. The zone of inhibition measured for <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> ATCC 19118 was 11.6 ± 0.8 mm for 25 mg/mL and 13.8 ± 0.6 mm for 50 mg/mL. For <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> ATCC 35152, it was 13.8 ± 0.0 mm for 25 mg/mL and 17.2 ± 0.0 mm for 50 mg/mL. In conclusion, monitoring the various sources of contamination with <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> in food processing environments is an essential factor to achieve efficient control. Moreover, preliminary research indicates that G-MgO NPs can be applied as promising disinfectants in food safety due to their bactericidal Effect against <i>Listeria monocytogenes.</i></p></div>","PeriodicalId":618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cluster Science","volume":"36 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of Semi-Solid Lipid Nanoparticle Dispersions by Quality by Design Approach for Dermal Delivery of Curcumin","authors":"Ulya Badilli,&nbsp;Aslı Sen,&nbsp;Gizem Yegen,&nbsp;Berna Guven Ciloglu,&nbsp;Buket Aksu,&nbsp;Arzu Onay Besikci","doi":"10.1007/s10876-025-02915-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10876-025-02915-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Curcumin is an important anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of skin disorders. However, its low water solubility, poor bioavailability, and instability limit the utilization of curcumin. Semi-solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN and NLC) dispersions, which maintain their colloidal particle size despite their high viscosity, offer a novel promising approach with high potential for dermal curcumin delivery. In this study, novel semi-solid SLN-NLC formulations of curcumin were manufactured using a one-step method, without the need to disperse the nanoparticles in an additional vehicle. Modde Pro 12 was used to examine the relationship between variables and quality attributes. QbD-based formulation optimization was successfully performed using artificial neural network program (ANN), and optimum semi-solid SLN-NLC formulations were prepared. The particle size of the optimum formulations was found to be 204.7 ± 1.5 nm for SS-SLN-Opt and 198.5 ± 0.81 nm for SS-NLC-Opt, indicating that the particle sizes were within the targeted range. The amount of curcumin released from the SS-NLC-Opt formulation was 33.72 ± 4.99% at 24th Hour, which was higher than the release obtained from the eight SS-NLC formulations entered as input into the ANN program. On the other hand, while the curcumin release percentage at the 24th Hour from the SS-SLN formulations entered into the program ranged between 11.13% and 44.31%, the release amount for the SS-SLN-Opt formulation was found to be 38.34 ± 3.48%, which was within this range and close to the maximum value. Rheological characterization results indicated that the optimum semi-solid SLN and NLC formulations were more elastic than viscous. The stability of the optimum semi-solid SLN formulation at 4 °C was higher than that of the optimum semi-solid NLC after one month. In vivo studies in rats revealed that the optimum semi-solid SLN formulation exhibited higher anti-inflammatory activity than both the optimum semi-solid NLC and the conventional gel. The SS-SLN-Opt formulation effectively reduced the inflammation in rats starting from the first hour. In conclusion, the optimum semi-solid SLN formulation, which is more stable and has higher anti-inflammatory activity, is a promising alternative for the dermal delivery of curcumin.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cluster Science","volume":"36 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145073620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Nanoflowers as Efficient Supports for Lipase Immobilization","authors":"Marcelli Powzum Amorim,&nbsp;Luana Leite Azambuja,&nbsp;Ilizandra Aparecida Fernandes,&nbsp;Elton Franceschi,&nbsp;Rogério Marcos Dallago,&nbsp;Cindy Elena Bustamante Vargas,&nbsp;Marcelo Luis Mignoni,&nbsp;Jamile Zeni","doi":"10.1007/s10876-025-02912-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10876-025-02912-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lipases are versatile biocatalysts widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and biofuel industries, but their free form exhibits low stability and limited reusability. In this study, we present an innovative approach for the immobilization of the commercial lipase Lipozyme TL in hybrid organic–inorganic nanoflowers synthesized with two distinct metallic salts (CuSO₄ and CaCl₂). Unlike previous works, this is the first study to conduct a systematic comparative evaluation between these two supports, combining structural, kinetic, and thermodynamic characterizations to elucidate the mechanisms of enzymatic stabilization. In addition, we demonstrate an optimized synthesis route, enabling the preparation of CaCl₂ nanoflowers in just 3 h, significantly reducing the time compared to the conventional method (24 h), which represents an advance in terms of practical applicability. The results show that the immobilized lipases exhibited up to twice the activity of the free enzyme (409.68 U/g in CaCl₂ vs. 210.55 U/g), high thermal stability (retaining &gt; 80% activity after prolonged exposure at 50–70 °C), and excellent reusability (up to 14 cycles in the case of CuSO₄). Thermodynamic analysis confirmed greater structural robustness, with positive ΔG and negative ΔS values, indicating lower propensity to denaturation. These findings highlight the potential of hybrid nanoflowers as robust and economically viable platforms for industrial processes that require reusable and thermally stable biocatalysts.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cluster Science","volume":"36 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145057662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering of BiVO4/MIL-88 A(Fe)-C Composite for Synergistic Degradation of Tetracycline Over Piezophotocatalytic and Photo-Fenton Reactions","authors":"Zaid H. Jabbar,&nbsp;Bassim H. Graimed,&nbsp;Raad Farhan Shahad,&nbsp;Huda S. Merdas,&nbsp;Saad H. Ammar,&nbsp;Ali Majdi","doi":"10.1007/s10876-025-02893-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10876-025-02893-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work discusses the fabrication of a robust stable organic MIL-88 A(Fe) framework (MAF) assembled with visible-light-induced BiVO₄ and carbon nanomaterials to establish integrated piezophotocatalytic system. The ternary BiVO₄/MIL-88 A(Fe)-C (Bi/MAF-C) catalyst was precisely characterized by various sophisticated technologies. The Bi/MAF-C composite revealed a powerful piezophotocatalytic activity (95.7%) towards tetracycline (TC) antibiotic in a short reaction time (40 min). Our composite exhibited the highest TC degradation rate (0.06460 min⁻¹), far exceeding the binary Bi/MAF, BiVO₄, and MIL-88 A(Fe) by 1.45, 2.78, and 3.8, respectively. The improved performance was associated with the multifunctional mechanisms of Bi/MAF-C in one integrated system. MIL-88 A(Fe) showed excellent response to piezoelectric effects, generating an internal electric field that further extended the photocarrier lifetime. Besides, BiVO₄ contributes to consuming wider visible light wavelengths due to its moderate band gap energy, synergy improving the piezophotocatalytic reaction. The MIL-88 A(Fe) component implies a robust photo-Fenton effect by activating H₂O₂ to generate ^•OH radicals, enhancing the oxidative degradation of pollutants under light irradiation. Additionally, further improvement in catalytic mechanism was obtained by carbon nanosheets, which act as an efficient electron conductor, accelerating the transfer of photocarriers in the Z-scheme heterojunction. The radical experiments confirmed the predominant role of ^•OH and ^•O₂⁻ in TC decomposition, further supporting the Z-scheme conception. In conclusion, this integrated piezophotocatalytic system reflects a promising strategy towards designing highly efficient multifunctional catalysts to control environmental pollution with enhanced efficiency.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cluster Science","volume":"36 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145011792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of BiVO4-La2O3 Nanocomposite for Highly Responsive Trace Nitrogen Dioxide Gas Sensor","authors":"Zhen Zhu,&nbsp;Wang-De Lin","doi":"10.1007/s10876-025-02901-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10876-025-02901-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents a series of high-sensitivity sensors based on BiVO₄-La₂O₃ (Bismuth vanadate-Lanthanum oxide). nanocomposite, synthesized using a simple hydrothermal process for the detection of NO₂ gas at room temperature. As-prepared samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). BiVO₄-La₂O₃ achieved excellent NO₂ gas sensing performance, including high sensor responsivity (Rg/Ra) of 13.5 at concentrations ranging from 0.1 ppm to 10 ppm, as well as fast response (T₉₀ = 76 s) and recovery (T_r90 = 66 s) times at 0.1 ppm. These results demonstrate the potential of BiVO₄–La₂O₃ nanocomposites for reliable ppb-level NO₂ detection at room temperature.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cluster Science","volume":"36 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145011793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrospun PVA/Chitosan Nanofibers Loaded with Garlic Extract for In Vitro Antiparasitic Activity Against Echinococcus Granulosus Protoscoleces","authors":"Qasim Shakir Kahdim,&nbsp;Ameer Ibrahim Abdulzahra,&nbsp;Alaa Ismail Saood,&nbsp;Jabbar A. A. Al-Saaidi","doi":"10.1007/s10876-025-02903-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10876-025-02903-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cystic echinococcosis, caused by Echinococcus granulosus, is a global health concern requiring novel treatments. This study developed polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan (CS) nanofibers loaded with Allium sativum (AS) extract, which contains allicin, a compound with antiparasitic properties. Electrospinning, a technique using high voltage to form nanofibers from a polymer solution, produced uniform, bead-free PVA/CS/AS nanofibers with an average diameter of 430.0 ± 1.4 nm. Characterization via GC-MS, SEM, FT-IR, and water contact angle measurements confirmed AS incorporation and revealed higher wettability than PVA/CS nanofibers, potentially enhancing biological interactions. In vitro, a 25 mg/ml AS extract concentration, selected based on prior antiparasitic studies, was tested against E. granulosus protoscoleces at 30, 60, and 90 min. PVA/CS/AS nanofibers markedly reduced viability, achieving mortality rates of 78.7%, 92.59%, and 98.38%, respectively, compared to 62.6%, 78.7%, and 93.7% for AS alone. These results suggest that PVA/CS/AS nanofibers enhance AS extract delivery and efficacy against the viability of <i>E. granulosus</i> protoscoleces. Further in vivo research is needed to evaluate their therapeutic potential.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cluster Science","volume":"36 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144990546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Assembly of Porphyrin Nanofibers on CeO2 Nanoparticles: An Enhanced Photocatalyst for Organic Pollutant Degradation Under Simulated Sunlight Irradiation","authors":"Kieu Anh Thi Vo,&nbsp;Duy Van Lai,&nbsp;Nam Thi Pham,&nbsp;Lam Dai Tran,&nbsp;Thanh Tung Nguyen,&nbsp;Dinh Ngo Vu,&nbsp;Duong Duc La","doi":"10.1007/s10876-025-02880-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10876-025-02880-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the synthesis and photocatalytic performance of CeO₂/porphyrin nanocomposites, created by self-assembling porphyrin monomers onto CeO₂ nanoparticles, which were green-synthesized using <i>Cleistocalyx operculatus</i> leaf extract. The resulting CeO₂/porphyrin composite showed enhanced photocatalytic efficiency for degrading organic pollutants, such as methylene blue and rhodamine B, compared to individual CeO₂ nanoparticles and free porphyrin aggregates. CeO₂ nanoparticles were characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR, EDX, and UV-Vis, confirming successful synthesis and their crystalline integrity. The porphyrin TCPP (Tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin) was integrated via a reprecipitation method, and SEM and XRD analysis verified the uniform incorporation of TCPP onto CeO₂ nanoparticles, preserving the nanofiber morphology and a crystalline structure with an average size of 9 nm. The CeO₂/TCPP composite exhibited extended visible light absorption, as shown in UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra, indicating its potential for photocatalytic applications under visible light. Photocatalytic tests under simulated sunlight demonstrated a significant improvement in performance, with a 95.9% degradation of Rhodamine B after 120 minutes, particularly at a CeO₂:TCPP ratio of 10:1. This research highlights the effective synergy between CeO₂ and porphyrin materials, providing a novel approach for developing efficient, green-synthesized nanocomposites for environmental remediation under visible light, marking a significant contribution to photocatalytic technology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cluster Science","volume":"36 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144990548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alginate-Xanthan Nanocomposite Scaffolds Incorporating Copper-Doped Bioactive Glass for Novel Tissue Engineering Potential in Regenerative Endodontics","authors":"Hamed Karkehabadi,&nbsp;Esmaeel Sharifi,&nbsp;Elham Khoshbin,&nbsp;Alireza Ghannad Sabzevari,&nbsp;Parisa Ranjbar","doi":"10.1007/s10876-025-02895-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10876-025-02895-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to design, fabricate, and characterize a novel nanocomposite scaffoldAQ based on alginate-xanthan, incorporating copper-doped bioactive glass nanoparticles, for potential applications in regenerative endodontics. Bioactive glass nanoparticles with varying copper concentrations (0(B0), 0.5(B0.5), 2.5(B2.5), and 5(B5) wt%) were synthesized using the sol-gel method. Subsequently, scaffolds (pristine alginate-xanthan (A-X) and those incorporating the various copper-doped bioactive glasses (A-XB0, A-XB0.5, A-XB2.5 and A-XB5)) were fabricated via 3D printing. The synthesized nanoparticles and scaffolds were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for chemical bonds and functional groups; Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) for elemental composition; X-ray Diffraction (XRD) for crystalline/amorphous structure; Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for morphological and surface analysis; and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) for particle size and distribution. Subsequently, their hemocompatibility, antioxidant properties, and biodegradation were evaluated to assess their biological capabilities. The A-XB2.5 scaffold exhibited desirable surface roughness (by creating nano/micro fibers) and a well-distributed nanoparticle structure. The FTIR and EDS analyses confirmed the successful incorporation of copper into the bioactive glass structure, while XRD revealed an amorphous nature of the nanoparticles. Hemocompatibility tests indicated that the A-XB2.5 scaffold exhibited the lowest hemolysis rate, suggesting excellent blood compatibility. Antioxidant assays revealed that the A-XB2.5 scaffold exhibited the highest free radical scavenging activity, which decreased at higher copper concentrations due to potential oxidative stress. Degradation studies showed that the A-XB5 scaffold had the lowest degradation rate, indicating enhanced structural stability. This study successfully synthesized and characterized a novel alginate-xanthan nanocomposite scaffold containing copper-doped bioactive glass and investigated how copper concentration impacts its properties. We found that the A-XB2.5 scaffolds provided the most favorable characteristics, including uniform nanoparticle distribution, desirable surface roughness (by creating nano/micro fibers), enhanced antioxidant properties, and excellent hemocompatibility. In contrast, A-XB5 scaffolds led to significant nanoparticle aggregation, reduced antioxidant properties, and increased hemolysis, indicating potential copper toxicity at elevated levels. These findings highlight the dual role of copper (beneficial at optimal doses and detrimental at higher concentrations) in biomaterial design.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cluster Science","volume":"36 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144990547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}