Journal of Chemical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"The role of ceria over Ni-based molecular sieve catalysts for hydrogen production via methane partial oxidation","authors":"Abdulaziz Al-Anazi,&nbsp;Norah Alwadai,&nbsp;Amal Baqais,&nbsp;Kenit Acharya,&nbsp;Ahmed I Osman,&nbsp;Omer Bellahwel,&nbsp;Ahmed A Ibrahim,&nbsp;Fekri Abdulraqeb Ahmed Ali,&nbsp;Salwa B Alreshaidan,&nbsp;Ahmed E Abasaeed,&nbsp;Changseok Han,&nbsp;Rawesh Kumar,&nbsp;Ahmed S Al-Fatesh","doi":"10.1007/s12039-026-02584-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12039-026-02584-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The methane emission from natural sources cannot be stopped and it makes the global warming situation worse. Hope lies in its catalytic conversion into useful ‘syngas’ in the presence of oxygen and this reaction is partial oxidation of methane (POM). A mordenite-type molecular sieve having silica-alumina ratio 20 (abbreviated as CBV20A) is investigated herein to stabilize the active sites Ni at their cages and charge compensation sites. The promotion role of ceria over 5Ni/ CBV20A is further investigated to improve the catalytic performance towards POM. The catalyst’s texture property, crystallinity, polarizability, adsorption-desorption-oxidation and topology are studied by surface area-porosity, X-ray diffraction study, Raman spectroscopy, temperature programmed techniques and transmission electron microscopy respectively. The metal-support interaction is enhanced by the periodic exposure of hydrogen and oxygen during POM over the current catalyst system. Upon promotional addition of 2wt% ceria over Ni/CBV20A, the concentration of active sites are growing, the weak metal-support interaction diminished and strong metal-support established. The surface area and pore volume of this catalyst is also greater than those of the rest of the catalyst. The improved reduction profile and surface texture property turns 2 wt.% ceria promoted 5Ni/ CBV20A catalyst best towards POM reaction. It catalyzes POM gas feed composed of 50% CH₄, 25% O_2, and 25% N₂ (total space velocity14400 mL/h/g_cat) most effectively and achieves 62% H₂ yield with H₂/CO ratio of 2.5 during 230 min time on stream and ~60% H₂ yield with H₂/CO ratio of 2.4 during 22 h time on stream at 650 °C. High catalytic activity and the generation of hydrogen-rich syngas demonstrate the potential of Ni-based catalysts supported on a molecular sieve with a Ce promoter for POM.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":616,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":"138 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149133219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protonation and conformational states of a catalytically important histidine sidechain at constant pH","authors":"Dulal Mondal,&nbsp;Srabani Taraphder","doi":"10.1007/s12039-026-02577-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12039-026-02577-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We present a benchmarking study to determine the optimal frequency, <i>m</i> of Monte Carlo (MC) steps to attempt changes in the protonation states of titratable sidechains of amino acid residues in constant pH molecular dynamics (CpHMD) simulations. The enzyme, human carbonic anhydrase (HCA) II, having a total of 72 titratable amino acid sidechains, has been used as the template. Along the CpHMD trajectories with <span>(200 le m le 500)</span> at pH 7.8, HCA II in water is found to exhibit stable structures with equilibrium fluctuations attributed mainly to the loops and turns exposed to the solvent. While the MC sampling step of CpHMD simulations involved all the titratable sites, the present work focuses primarily on the sidechain of catalytically important His-64 due to its well-known role in proton transfer in terms of two major sidechain orientations. The distribution of water molecules around the outward sidechain conformation of His-64 is found to be more sensitive to the choice of <i>m</i> than that around the Zn(II) ion deep inside the active site cavity. The underlying free energy and dynamics of the His-64 sidechain also showed a strong dependence on <i>m</i>. In both cases, an optimal convergence is observed for <span>(m = 400)</span>–500 where the fraction of protonated and neutral tautomers of His-64 sidechain accurately reproduce the results derived from a long-timescale CpH-REMD simulation and experimentally determined values of <span>(pK_a)</span>.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><p><i>synopsis</i> An optimal frequency, m of 400-500 of Monte Carlo steps is reported to attempt changes in protonation states of titratable amino acid sidechains in constant-pH MD simulations by comparing against NMR results. The choice of m on stable conformations of His-64 sidechain of human carbonic anhydrase II is also highlighted.</p>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":616,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":"138 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149133240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal, photo, and ion induced reversible organogel based on azobenzene and quinoline amide groups","authors":"Jingtao Dai,&nbsp;Yiran Li,&nbsp;Nan Zhang,&nbsp;Yongqi He,&nbsp;Hao Li,&nbsp;Yifeng Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s12039-026-02589-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12039-026-02589-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A novel azobenzene and quinoline amide based organogelator <b>G1</b> was synthesized and characterized, the gelator formed stable organogels in 9 out of the 18 kinds of tested solvents. The <b>G1</b>-ethanol gel presents remarkable gelation properties, with the critical gelation concentrations 5.9 mg·mL^–1 and the gel-sol phase transition temperature at 72 °C. It was seen that the hydrogen bonding, π–π stacking, and van der Waals forces play crucial roles in the gelling process. Specifically, the <b>G1</b>-ethanol gel demonstrated outstanding reversibility in its gel↔sol state transitions induced by thermal, photo, and ionic stimuli, which attributed to the weak intermolecular forces and the trans-cis isomerization of azobenzene moieties within the gelator. The ion recognition characteristics of the <b>G1</b>-ethanol gel for Zn²⁺, Fe³⁺ and Sn²⁺ were investigated, the gel transformed into a transparent light yellow solution upon the addition of Sn²⁺.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><p>The gelator <b>G1</b> exhibits trans-cis photoisomerization under alternating irradiation of UV and visible light, while reversible thermal gel-sol transition is achieved via weak intermolecular interactions. The <b>G1</b>-ethanol gel exhibits prominent response to Zn²⁺, Fe³⁺ and Sn²⁺. Notably, the addition of Sn²⁺ leads to a marked gel-to-sol transition, whereby the original gel disassembles into a light yellow transparent solution.</p>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":616,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":"138 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149034562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond a solvent: Dichloromethane enabled direct amide formation","authors":"Riya Rakheja,&nbsp;Chinmoy Kumar Hazra","doi":"10.1007/s12039-026-02593-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12039-026-02593-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Amide bond formation is one of the most fundamental transformations in organic synthesis, yet its sustainable implementation still relies on stoichiometric coupling reagents, poor atom economy, and waste generation. In a recent study, Lee and co-workers found an alternative for the direct activation of carboxylic acids by utilizing dichloromethane as a coupling reagent. This methodology enables efficient amide synthesis without relying on conventional activating agents. Mechanistic investigations reveal the crucial participation of dichloromethane in generating the reactive intermediates responsible for amide bond formation.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><p>Dichloromethane, traditionally regarded as an inert solvent, is reappraised as a hidden coupling reagent that activates carboxylic acids for efficient direct amide synthesis. The broad applicability of the approach was demonstrated through 111 examples involving diverse carboxylic acids and amines, underscoring its versatility for amide bond formation.</p>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":616,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":"138 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148986188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catalytic properties of Ga-substituted ZSM-5 zeolite in propane aromatization","authors":"Guohao Xu","doi":"10.1007/s12039-026-02581-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12039-026-02581-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A Ga-substituted ZSM-5 zeolite was successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal synthesis method, and its catalytic performance and physicochemical properties in propane aromatization were systematically investigated. Comprehensive characterizations including XRD, SEM, ICP-AES, IR, NH₃-TPD, XPS, N₂ adsorption-desorption and TG analyses revealed that Ga species exhibited the lower tendency to incorporate into the ZSM-5 zeolite framework compared to Al species. The gallium-doped aluminosilicate (GaAlZ5), possessing the largest specific surface area and highest acid content, demonstrated a superior aromatic selectivity of 85.6% and propane conversion of 66.1%, which exceeded those of gallosilicate (GaSiZ5) by 22.5% and 5.6%, respectively. Moreover, the intergranular mesopores in GaAlZ5 enhanced the mass-transfer rate of aromatics, effectively suppressed the formation of coke precursors, and endowed the catalyst with excellent long-term stability as well as regeneration stability. This work provides a facile synthesis strategy and systematic theoretical support for the design of high-stability and high-selectivity Ga-based zeolite catalysts for propane aromatization.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><p>This graphical abstract illustrates the bifunctional tandem pathway of propane aromatization, where propane is activated to propylene via dehydrogenation over Ga-based Lewis acid sites, followed by aromatization under the synergy of Brønsted and Lewis acid sites. This work reports a Ga-modified ZSM-5 zeolite (GaAlZ5) with optimized acid properties and pore structure, which delivers 66.1% propane conversion and 85.6% aromatics selectivity with excellent recyclability, providing a facile approach for light alkane valorization.</p>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":616,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":"138 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced photocatalytic pathway to disintegrate toxic indigo carmine by Eu-doped BiOCl","authors":"M K A Menoth,&nbsp;Naveed Rahman,&nbsp;S Harini Sree,&nbsp;H M Shashanka,&nbsp;Sarvesh Kumar,&nbsp;P N Anantharamaiah,&nbsp;N Manikanda Prabu","doi":"10.1007/s12039-026-02565-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12039-026-02565-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Different chemical compositions in the Bi_1-<i>x</i>Eu_<i>x</i>OCl (0 ≤ <i>x</i> ≤ 0.12) series were synthesized via a co-precipitation method, followed by calcination at 350 °C for a duration of 4 h. Phase purity of the compounds was assessed through powder X-ray diffraction which confirmed the single phase of Bi_1-<i>x</i>Eu_<i>x</i>OCl samples. With increasing Eu content, the diffraction peaks shift towards higher 2θ values, signifying decrease in unit cell volume. This conclusion was corroborated by Raman spectral analysis, which revealed characteristic bands corresponding to BiOCl and its doped derivatives. The band gap of BiOCl, as determined using a Tauc plot, was estimated as 3.55 eV. As the amount of europium increased, the band gap exhibited a reduction at <i>x</i> = 0.04 and 0.08. However, a slight increment to 3.52 eV was observed for the composition with <i>x</i> = 0.12. To assess photocatalytic efficacy, the synthesized compounds were subjected to photodegradation experiments using a 10 ppm indigo carmine. Notably, 8% Eu-doped BiOCl (<i>x</i> = 0.08) demonstrated the maximum activity, completely degrading indigo carmine in just 60 min under solar light irradiation. Moreover, reusability of the sample was explored which persisted for up to five cycles without any discernible decline.</p><p>Eu-doped BiOCl nanoparticles were synthesized through a coprecipitation method and evaluated for UV and solar-driven photocatalytic degradation of indigo carmine dye. Among the synthesized compositions, 8% Eu-BiOCl exhibited the highest degradation efficacy, achieving complete degradation within 60 min under sunlight irradiation with excellent reusability, highlighting its potential application in wastewater treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":616,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":"138 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of water on (text{HCHO} + text{HO}^bullet _2) reaction","authors":"Vishva Jeet Anand,&nbsp;Pradeep Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s12039-026-02567-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12039-026-02567-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the present work, we investigated the influence of water on the gas-phase reaction of formaldehyde (HCHO) with hydroperoxyl radicals (<span>(hbox {HO}^bullet _2)</span>) using quantum chemical calculations and kinetics. For quantum chemical calculations, we used the CCSD(T)-F12/cc-pVTZ-F12//M06-2X/6-311+G(2df,2p) level of theory, while for the rate constant calculation, we used conventional transition state theory. Our study suggests that the water catalyzed HCHO<span>(,+)</span> <span>(hbox {HO}^bullet _2)</span> path proceeds much slower than the uncatalyzed reaction over the temperature range 200–450 K. By comparing the rate constant of water catalyzed HCHO<span>(,+)</span> <span>(hbox {HO}^bullet _2)</span> with the water catalyzed HCHO<span>(,+)</span> <span>(hbox {HO}^bullet)</span> reaction, we found that <span>(hbox {HO}^bullet _2)</span> cannot compete with <span>(hbox {HO}^bullet)</span> in degrading HCHO in the presence of water.</p><p>Water signifi cantly suppresses the reactions of HCHO with both HO and HO radicals. However, the inhibition is much stronger for HCHO + HO than for the HCHO + HO reaction, indicating HO is not a significant sink for HCHO in the atmosphere and humid conditions. </p>","PeriodicalId":616,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":"138 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ab-initio study of proton transfer reaction of water–ammonia and water–methylamine complex in the presence of external electric field","authors":"Shalini Namdev,&nbsp;Saurabh Mishra,&nbsp;Sumit Mittal,&nbsp;Satyam Ravi","doi":"10.1007/s12039-026-02563-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12039-026-02563-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>It is widely accepted that external electric fields (EEFs) can act as an external stimuli that is capable of enhancing the reactivity of chemical processes, which would remain inaccessible under experimental conditions. In particular, as shown in previous works, the reactivity of proton-transfer reactions can be substantially enhanced in the presence of an applied EEFs. This article reports a detailed <i>ab-initio</i> study of structural changes and energetics of proton-transfer reactions in the water<span>(dots)</span>ammonia (AW), water-dimer<span>(dots)</span>ammonia (<span>(hbox {AW}_2)</span>), and methylamine<span>(dots)</span>water (MAW) complexes under the varying strength of EEFs, using the M06-2X/cc-pVTZ level of theory. In all complexes, the applied electric field weakens the covalent donor O–H bond, and simultaneously strengthens the H-bond, thereby facilitating proton transfer reaction at well-defined critical field values. Our results indicate that the critical field for AW complexes is 2.4 V/Å, which is significantly higher as compared to strong acid–bases case. This threshold value can be further lowered by either increasing acidity of water or basisity of ammonia. For example, in the <span>(hbox {AW}_2)</span> complex, the critical field value decreases to 2.2 V/Å due to stabilization of the nascent <span>(hbox {OH}^{-})</span> ion by additional water molecule through H-bonding. Similarly, in the MAW complex, the higher basicity of methylamine allows it to form a stronger hydrogen bond with water, further stabilizing <span>(hbox {OH}^{-})</span> and reducing the critical field to 2.0 V/Å. All these results are reinforced by hybrid QM/MM calculation on solvated complexes, which again supports the observed trends. Futhermore, the obtained vibrational Stark shift again confirm our results. Overall, this study provides a deeper insight into how electric field can trigger the weak acid–base proton transfer, and highlight the crucial role of local-fields and molecular environment in modulating field-induced reactivity.</p><p>This work demonstrates how external electric fi elds promote proton transfer in weakly hydrogen-bonded water ammonia complexes. Structural analysis, calculated vibrational spectra, and QM/MM simulations reveal that the surrounding molecular environment stabilizes ionic products, lowers the critical electric fi eld, and enhances protontransfer reactivity, providing molecular-level insight into fi eld-driven chemical transformations.</p>","PeriodicalId":616,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":"138 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noble metals (Pd, Pt, Ru) supported on nickel oxide doped graphitic carbon nitride as efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution and oxygen reduction","authors":"C Renugadevi,&nbsp;L Cindrella","doi":"10.1007/s12039-026-02576-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12039-026-02576-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present energy landscape with impetus on fuel cells, requires the design of efficient and durable bifunctional electrocatalysts for advancing energy conversion technologies. In the present study, a controllable strategy aiming at optimum composition of electrocatalysts was achieved by tailoring nickel oxide nanorods onto g-C₃N₄ surfaces, serving as active supports for noble metals. The ethylene glycol reduction method is utilized to anchor these noble metals (10 wt.% of palladium, platinum, and ruthenium separately) on the compositionally tuned NiO/g-C₃N₄ composite, resulting in enhanced active site exposure and catalytic performance. Of the three, Ru–NiO/g-C₃N₄ showed an extremely low overpotential of 20 mV <i>vs.</i> RHE at 10 mA cm^–2 for hydrogen evolution reaction. On the other hand, the other two catalysts, Pd-NiO/g-C₃N₄ and Pt-NiO/g-C₃N₄ show very low half-wave potential of 0.923 and 0.940 V <i>vs.</i> RHE for ORR, respectively. The present study summarizes the understanding of the cooperation in these electrocatalysts among the constituents, namely, noble metal/transition metal oxide–carbon nanostructures, for an enhanced electrochemical performance aiming at the design of bifunctional electrocatalysts and their application in sustainable energy systems.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><p>Advanced electrocatalysts designed for energy conversion technologies by anchoring various noble metal nanoparticles such as palladium, platinum, or ruthenium, onto nickel oxide nanorods supported by graphitic carbon nitride. The left plot evaluates their performance for the HER, and the right plot assesses their ORR. The synergistic engineering of this noble metal/transition metal oxide–carbon interface delivers enhanced electrocatalytic activity and structural stability for both electrochemical processes.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":616,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":"138 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fiber optic photonic sensing framework: From fundamental to real field applications","authors":"Rani Dutta,&nbsp;Soma Saha,&nbsp;Tapanendu Kundu","doi":"10.1007/s12039-026-02569-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12039-026-02569-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This review presents the feasibility of evanescent field-based fiber optic sensors across a wide range of applications. We evaluated two distinct sensing platforms based on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and a metal-free porphyrin-based fiber optic sensor. To maximize evanescent field penetration depth and sensitivity, U-bent and D-shaped fiber probe geometries were employed. For LSPR-based U-bent sensors, nanoparticle distribution was optimized, which is essential for controlling plasmonic coupling and maximizing sensitivity. Further, these probes are used for various applications, including the field of biosensing, water safety monitoring, and clinical diagnostics. Additionally, the review explores the unique potential of these platforms for monitoring ultrafast thermal dynamics of materials. In parallel, porphyrinimmobilized optical fiber probes were reviewed as powerful spectroscopic sensing platforms by monitoring UV-Vis absorption changes in Soret and Q bands, enabling selective detection of volatile gases and metal ions. The spectral feature changes during various analyte interactions produce high-dimensional data that necessitate advanced analysis techniques. These were analyzed using both unsupervised and supervised algorithms for spectral classification and analyte identification, with a focus on the critical role of spectral preprocessing in enhancing classification accuracy. Collectively, these platforms provide a comprehensive framework for next-generation, stable, and remote fiber-optic sensing systems.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><p>The graphical abstract depicts two distinct evanescent-fi eld-based optical fiber sensing platforms. One platform employs a metal-nanoparticle-based fiber-optic probe, in which analyte binding to the fiber core surface induces changes in the LSPR absorption spectrum. The other utilizes porphyrin-immobilized optical fiber probes, where analyte interactions induce characteristic changes in the Soret and Q bands of the porphyrin absorption spectrum. These spectral changes enable analyte identification through machine learning-assisted spectral analysis. </p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":616,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Sciences","volume":"138 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148926246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}