中华结核和呼吸杂志最新文献

{"title":"[Research progress on the proliferation and differentiation of type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells].","authors":"Y W Fang, K Lin, L J Zhang, Y Xu, Y Wang, J X Zhao, J Fang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20241009-00586","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20241009-00586","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The alveolar epithelium consists of two types of cells: alveolar epithelial type Ⅱ cells (AT2) and alveolar epithelial type Ⅰ cells (AT1), which function to maintain lung compliance and gas exchange, respectively. AT2 can proliferate and differentiate into AT1 during lung development and repair, thus AT2 have been regarded very important stem cells in lung. However, impaired proliferation and differentiation of AT2 were observed in many chronic lung diseases, preventing the proper repair of alveolar and significantly impacting the life quality of patients. This review focuses on when AT2 proliferate and differentiate, and highlights the critical signaling pathways that influence these processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":61512,"journal":{"name":"中华结核和呼吸杂志","volume":"48 3","pages":"282-286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Comprehensive assessment of bronchial asthma: why it matters?]","authors":"M Zhang, Y L Pan, W P Bao","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20241214-00739","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20241214-00739","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Assessment of bronchial asthma is essential to optimize management and improve patient outcomes. A personalized, precision medicine approach, guided by comprehensive, accurate, and repeated assessments, is necessary to develop an individualized treatment strategy, to improve asthma control, and to achieve the best possible long-term outcomes, addressing the unique needs of each patient based on their asthma phenotype, endotype, severity, and response to treatment. Recent advances in research and technology have significantly diversified the methods of asthma assessment. Assessments include symptom control, risk factors for acute exacerbations and mortality, type 2 airway inflammation, atopic status and triggers, medication adherence, and comorbidities, providing a solid foundation for accurate disease management. Moreover, the promotion of improving the capability of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of asthma project, affiliated to pulmonary and critical care medicine training program, have provided strong support for enhancing the capability of asthma assessment. In the future, with the ongoing innovation and refinement of assessment techniques, we believe that optimizing comprehensive asthma assessment will definitely improve the rate of good control, even the rate of clinical remission, and ultimately reduce the overall burden of disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":61512,"journal":{"name":"中华结核和呼吸杂志","volume":"48 3","pages":"201-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[A case of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis combined with COVID-19-associated pulmonary mucormycosis].","authors":"Y J Zheng, J Y Hou, J Zhong, X W Ye","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20240809-00476","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20240809-00476","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>COVID-19-associated invasive fungal infections are fungal infections that develop during COVID-19, including pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) and pulmonary mucormycosis (CAPM). This report presents a case of a patient with recurrent COVID-19 infections who showed pulmonary cavities and pleural effusion on chest CT. A mixed diagnosis of CAPA and CAPM was confirmed by histopathological analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and metagenomic next-generation sequencing. This study highlights the importance of suspecting CAPA and CAPM in diabetic COVID-19 patients with unexplained radiological findings that cannot be attributed to common infections or pulmonary tumors. Prompt and thorough diagnostic investigations, including histopathology, microbiology, and molecular techniques, are essential for accurate diagnosis. Early and effective antifungal treatment can significantly improve patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":61512,"journal":{"name":"中华结核和呼吸杂志","volume":"48 3","pages":"267-271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Fatal opportunistic infection occurred during the treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated colitis:case report].","authors":"Y K Li, B Tan, L Qin, S Y Fan, X B Guo, J Zhao, M Z Wang, Y Xu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20240920-00553","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20240920-00553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) has been widely used in lung cancer patients. While ICI treatment improves the overall survival of patients, it can also lead to a series of immune-related adverse events (irAE). Severe irAE should be treated with glucocorticoids and biological agents. Opportunistic infections should be highly vigilant during the treatment of glucocorticoids and biological agents. We report a patient with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer who developed severe ICI-related colitis after chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy. The patient developed hematogenous disseminated Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and pulmonary aspergillosis during the treatment with glucocorticoids and biological agents (infliximab). The purpose of this study is to draw the attention of clinicians to opportunistic infections when dealing with irAE.</p>","PeriodicalId":61512,"journal":{"name":"中华结核和呼吸杂志","volume":"48 3","pages":"272-276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Focus on cough in asthma should be highlighted].","authors":"K F Lai","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20241203-00715","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20241203-00715","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cough is one of the most common symptoms affecting quality of life severely, and is associated with poorer outcomes of asthma. However, cough in asthma is often neglected in clinical practice. Acute exacerbations, asthma control or lung function, rather than cough, have been ever used as primary endpoints of efficacy in the majority of previous clinical trials. More attention should be paid to cough in asthma, and more clinical trials should be conducted in order to provide high-quality evidence for the assessment and management of asthmatic cough, and to update guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":61512,"journal":{"name":"中华结核和呼吸杂志","volume":"48 3","pages":"205-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Research progress of pathogenesis and treatment of persistent airflow limitation asthma].","authors":"H L Huang, H J Zhao","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20240910-00537","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20240910-00537","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Persistent airflow limitation (PAL) asthma is a clinical phenotype of asthma, which has more severe symptoms, more difficult to control and worse prognosis than ordinary asthma. At present, there is still a lack of full understanding of the intrinsic mechanism of PAL asthma. It is mainly believed that the pathogenesis of PAL asthma is related to airway inflammation, airway remodeling and lung parenchyma remodeling. At present, the guidelines at home and abroad still recommend the combination of ICS, long-acting β₂-agonist (LABA), long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) and other drugs as needed for PAL asthma, but the efficacy is limited. This article reviews the research progress in the pathogenesis and treatment of PAL asthma.</p>","PeriodicalId":61512,"journal":{"name":"中华结核和呼吸杂志","volume":"48 3","pages":"277-281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Methamphetamine-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension: a case report].","authors":"W J Guo, D T Liu, Y Xiao, T T Man, C Zhang, Y Wang, W Guo, Y Chen, J Wan","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20240817-00491","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20240817-00491","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Here we reported a 41-year-old male patient who presented with shortness of breath after activity. He had a history of methamphetamine snorting, and echocardiography showed a generalized hypokinesia of the right ventricular wall. Right-heart catheterization suggested precapillary pulmonary arterial hypertension, with the possibility of pulmonary hypertension caused by left heart diseases. After receiving a subcutaneous infusion of treprostinil, his condition improved, and his exercise tolerance was better than before.</p>","PeriodicalId":61512,"journal":{"name":"中华结核和呼吸杂志","volume":"48 3","pages":"261-266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Guidelines for the prevention and management of bronchial asthma (2024 edition)].","authors":"","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20241013-00601","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20241013-00601","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bronchial asthma (asthma) is a common chronic respiratory disease. Standardized diagnosis, treatment and effective clinical management are critical to improving asthma control, improving patients' quality of life, and reducing the disease burden. Based on the latest evidence-based research from both domestic and international references, the Asthma Group of the Chinese Thoracic Society has revised the \"&lt;i&gt;Guidelines for bronchial asthma prevent and management&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;2020 edition&lt;/i&gt;)\". This revision supplements the diagnostic pathway, and updates clinical staging, and severity grading of asthma. Furthermore, adjustments have been made in asthma evaluation, maintenance therapy, acute exacerbation management, severe asthma, atypical asthma, and treatment principles of asthma, according to the latest research evidence. The updated guideline serves as a comprehensive resource for healthcare professionals in China, providing the latest recommendations to improve their knowledge and competence in the standardized diagnosis and management of asthma.The key recommendations are listed below.&lt;b&gt;Recommendation 1:&lt;/b&gt; Bronchial provocation test should be considered when forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;) is ≥70% predicted (excluding respiratory infections within the past 4 weeks) (1, D).&lt;b&gt;Recommendation 2:&lt;/b&gt; When clinical symptoms suggest asthma but the bronchial provocation test is not available or does not meet the diagnostic criteria for variable airflow limitation, reliance on cutoff value alone to exclude asthma should be avoided. A presumptive diagnostic pathway may be initiated to improve the diagnostic accuracy (1, D).&lt;b&gt;Recommendation 3:&lt;/b&gt; Diagnostic anti-inflammatory therapy may be initiated to confirm the diagnosis if any of the following criteria are met: (1) positive results (≥20% increase from baseline) in peak expiratory flow (PEF)-based bronchodilation test when spirometry is unavailable, excluding respiratory infections within the past 4 weeks; (2) FEV&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; variability≥12% and absolute change ≥200 ml between two prior tests, excluding respiratory tract infections within the past 4 weeks; (3) small airway dysfunction [met 2 of 3 ≤65% predicated among the maximum instantaneous forced expiratory flow with 25% of the forced vital capacity (FVC) remaining to be exhaled (MEF25), MEF50, maximal mid-expiratory flow(MMEF)], or FEV&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; improvement ≥ 10% with fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO)≥35 ppb in bronchodilation test when baseline FEV&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; ≥ 80% predicted (1, C).&lt;b&gt;Recommendation 4:&lt;/b&gt; After biologic therapy or other anti-asthma therapy, patients who achieve≥ 1 year of symptom-free status, no exacerbation, normal/near-normal lung function, and no need for oral corticosteroids (OCS) may be considered to have achieved \"clinical remission\" (1, D).&lt;b&gt;Recommendation 5:&lt;/b&gt; It would be better to classify asthma severity based on the treatment steps required to achieve asthma control rather t","PeriodicalId":61512,"journal":{"name":"中华结核和呼吸杂志","volume":"48 3","pages":"208-248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Effect of inhaled corticosteroids on airway remodeling in patients with mild asthma].","authors":"X Y Li, S Q Zhang, Q Y Xing, W Y Feng, J N Chen, Z Q Zhou, R Mao","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20240724-00428","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20240724-00428","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To evaluate the effect of inhaled corticosteroids on airway remodeling in patients with mild asthma. <b>Methods:</b> In this single-arm, open-label, single-center, prospective exploratory study, we enrolled patients with mild asthma from January 2019 to December 2020 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University. A total of 15 patients with mild asthma were included in this study. There were 6 males and 9 females. The age was (38.6±11.5) years. Fluticasone propionate inhalation aerosol (125 μg) was administered twice daily for 12 months. Pulmonary function tests, high-resolution chest CT, asthma control test (ACT) questionnaires were performed before and after treatment. Airway mucosal biopsies and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were obtained by bronchoscopy of the right lower lobe to evaluate the airway inflammatory condition. Airway lumen area (Ai), airway wall thickness (Aw%) measured by CT, and the thickness of airway epithelium, basement membrane and smooth muscle measured by pathology were analyzed to evaluate the effect of inhaled corticosteroid on airway remodeling. Pearson or Spearman correlation were used to analyze the correlation among the improvement in lung function, ACT score and the improvement of airway remodeling. <b>Results:</b> The Ai at 3, 4, 5, and 6^th generation of bronchi was increased by 7.5%, 14.4%, 4.1%, and 22.8%, respectively; The Aw% was decreased by 6.1%, 6.7%, 6.5%, and 7%, respectively (all <i>P</i>< 0.05). The average area of airway smooth muscle was 13.3%±8.7% at baseline, and was 11.67% at the 12th month (interquartile range 9%), but the change was not significant (<i>Z</i>=-0.63, <i>P</i>=0.539). The thickness of the basement membrane decreased from (5.19±1.75) μm to (3.83±1.15) μm at the 12th month (<i>Z</i>=-2.38, <i>P</i>=0.019). The thickness of the epithelium decreased from (78.60±13.12) μm to (59.32 ±11.97) μm at 12 month (<i>t</i>=4.20, <i>P</i><0.001). Changes in Aw%, epithelial and basement membrane thickness at the 12th month were correlated with the improvement in ACT score (all <i>P</i><0.05). <b>Conclusions:</b> Regular inhalation of corticosteroids for 12 months in patients with mild asthma resulted in reduced airway remodeling, as evidenced by a decrease in the thickness of airway wall, airway mucosal epithelium and basement membrane. The improvement of airway remodeling was significantly associated with the improvement of asthma ACT score. A scientific rationale for inhaled corticosteroids in mild asthma on airway remodeling was provided at the level of morphology and structure.</p>","PeriodicalId":61512,"journal":{"name":"中华结核和呼吸杂志","volume":"48 3","pages":"249-255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Progress in the treatment of invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung].","authors":"X M Niu, M W Ci, Y F Lian","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20240910-00538","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20240910-00538","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma belongs to a specific subtype of lung adenocarcinoma, The histological characteristics of the tumor are rich in mucus, with unique clinicopathological features and immunophenotype. There is no specific in-depth study on the etiology and pathogenesis of IMA, and it is generally considered to be the same as common lung adenocarcinoma. Due to its relatively low incidence, there are currently few large-scale studies on IMA, The purpose of this study is to explore the therapeutic strategies of IMA patients from the existing research advances, including surgical resection, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and novel therapeutic approaches and their combination, and to explore the impact of these recent therapeutic advances on prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":61512,"journal":{"name":"中华结核和呼吸杂志","volume":"48 3","pages":"286-291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}