中华结核和呼吸杂志最新文献

{"title":"[Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2026 revision)].","authors":"","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20260817-00487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20260817-00487","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2026 revision) were developed by the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Groups of the Chinese Thoracic Society and the Chinese Association of Chest Physicians. Building on the 2021 edition, this revision incorporates evidence published over the past five years and experience from COPD prevention and management in China, and provides comprehensive updates on disease definition, etiology and pathogenesis, case finding, diagnosis and comprehensive assessment, stable COPD management, diagnosis and treatment of acute exacerbations, comorbidity management, and future research directions. The guideline primarily applies the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, supplemented by the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Levels of Evidence, to assess the certainty of evidence and develop recommendations. It offers practical recommendations for the diagnosis and management of COPD across 22 clinical questions. It aims to promote early identification, standardized diagnosis and treatment, and comprehensive management of COPD, and therefore to improve the standardized care and reduce the disease burden of COPD in China.The 22 key clinical questions and corresponding recommendations are summarized as follows.<b>Question 1:</b> Given the current underdiagnosis of COPD, which strategies can improve early diagnosis?<b>Recommendation 1:</b> We recommend active and opportunistic case finding to identify individuals at high risk of COPD and facilitate early diagnosis. (1B/strong recommendation)<b>Question 2:</b> Which parameters should be assessed when selecting initial pharmacotherapy for patients with COPD?<b>Recommendation 2:</b> Patients with COPD should undergo individualized assessment based on symptom burden and exacerbation risk and be classified into groups A, B, or E. Additional assessments should include the severity of airflow obstruction on pulmonary function testing, comorbidities, and biomarkers such as the peripheral blood eosinophil count. (2B/strong recommendation)<b>Question 3:</b> How should the mMRC and CAT scores be used for symptom assessment in the ABE classification?<b>Recommendation 3:</b> Symptoms of COPD should be assessed using the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale and/or the COPD Assessment Test (CAT). Results from the two instruments may be discordant: the mMRC scale focuses on dyspnea, whereas the CAT is more suitable for a comprehensive assessment of multiple symptoms. (2B/strong recommendation)<b>Question 4:</b> Should chest CT be included in the initial assessment of COPD?<b>Recommendation 4:</b> Chest imaging should be included in the initial assessment of COPD, with chest computed tomography (CT) preferred. (2B/conditional recommendation)<b>Question 5:</b> What are the key preventive measures targeting exposure to risk factors?<b>Recommendation 5:</b> Smo","PeriodicalId":61512,"journal":{"name":"中华结核和呼吸杂志","volume":"49 ","pages":"1146-1191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149277859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Expert consensus on standardized ultrasound screening for lower extremity deep vein thrombosis in prevention and management of venous thromboembolism].","authors":"","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20260519-00285","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20260519-00285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Venous thromboembolism (VTE) consists of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Lower extremity deep venous ultrasound is the non-invasive imaging modality of choice for the diagnosis of DVT, playing a pivotal role in identifying the etiology of PTE, guiding risk stratification, and informing treatment strategies. Within the framework of VTE prevention and management, lower extremity deep venous ultrasound enables the early screening of high-risk populations, assessment of thrombus characteristics (location, extent, stability), and monitoring of treatment response. However, standardized protocols for lower extremity deep venous ultrasound in the context of PTE are currently lacking in China, leading to significant inter-institutional variability in scanning protocols, operational techniques, thrombus staging criteria, and reporting standards. To address this gap, the consensus working group convened a multidisciplinary panel of experts in ultrasound medicine, respiratory medicine, vascular surgery, and evidence-based medicine. Based on a comprehensive review of the latest domestic and international evidence, and with due consideration of clinical feasibility and resource availability in China, this consensus systematically addresses key issues, including indications for ultrasound, scanning protocols, standardized procedures, thrombus stability assessment, staging criteria, and differential diagnosis. Fourteen recommendations are proposed to establish standardized protocols and a thrombus evaluation system for lower extremity venous ultrasound applicable to Chinese clinical practice, thereby improving the overall prevention and management of venous thromboembolism in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":61512,"journal":{"name":"中华结核和呼吸杂志","volume":"49 9","pages":"971-983"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148908254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Clinical practice guideline for digital smoking cessation technologies (2026 edition)].","authors":"","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20260507-00260","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20260507-00260","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Given their accessibility, cost-effectiveness, and scalability, digital health technologies (DHTs) are increasingly recognized as promising adjuncts to traditional smoking cessation approaches. To address the lagging evidence updates and lack of implementation pathways in existing guidelines, a multidisciplinary panel developed this guideline by systematically synthesizing current evidence on digital smoking cessation interventions. The development process adhered to the WHO Handbook for Guideline Development and the Chinese Principles for Developing/Revising Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines (2022 Edition). The certainty of evidence and strength of recommendations were appraised utilizing the GRADE approach and the Evidence-to-Decision (EtD) framework. Ultimately, eight evidence-based recommendations were formulated for smokers aged ≥15 years with an intention to quit. The three strong recommendations and five conditional recommendations are as follows.&lt;b&gt;Strong Recommendations (3 Items)&lt;/b&gt;1. Smartphone applications (Apps) are recommended as adjunctive tools for smoking cessation (1C). When selecting an App, priority should be given to those that incorporate professional psychological and behavioral interventions (1A).2. It is recommended that digital smoking cessation interventions, including short message service (SMS) or instant messaging (e.g., WeChat) (1B), smartphone Apps (1C), and artificial intelligence (AI) conversational systems (1B), be used in combination with traditional smoking cessation therapies (i.e., behavioral support and/or pharmacotherapy).3. When delivering digital smoking cessation interventions, multiple DHTs, including SMS or instant messaging (e.g., WeChat), web-based interventions, smartphone Apps, and AI conversational systems, should be integrated to construct a comprehensive digital smoking cessation platform. This platform should be seamlessly embedded within traditional smoking cessation services, routine clinical practice, and telemedicine systems to establish an integrated \"online-plus-offline\" collaborative care model (1C).&lt;b&gt;Conditional Recommendations (5 Items)&lt;/b&gt;1. SMS or instant messaging (e.g., WeChat) is suggested as a supportive tool for smoking cessation (2B).2. Web-based interventions are suggested to serve as portals and adjunctive modules within a comprehensive digital smoking cessation system, used in combination with other DHTs (2D).3. AI conversational systems are suggested as adjunctive tools for smoking cessation support (2B).4. It is suggested that digital smoking cessation technologies (e.g., smartphone Apps and AI conversational systems) be developed in accordance with evidence-based clinical practice guidelines and psychological and behavioral change theories. These tools should emphasize interactivity and deliver phased, personalized interventions to enhance user adherence and cessation efficacy (2C).5. While digital smoking cessation interventions demonstrate a favorable ","PeriodicalId":61512,"journal":{"name":"中华结核和呼吸杂志","volume":"49 9","pages":"945-956"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148908242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Extremely severe pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis with combined brain, liver, kidney, and lung involvement: a case report].","authors":"Y Gui, Y T Yang, T T Tu, L M Bao, S H Pan, Z X Shangguan","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20260114-00033","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20260114-00033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We reported a case of extremely severe tuberous sclerosis complex-associated lymphangioleiomyomatosis (TSC-LAM) involving the brain, liver, kidneys, and lungs that was successfully treated with sirolimus, with a complete 17-year follow-up. The patient was diagnosed in 2008 and experienced rapid progression; by 2012, the patient had developed respiratory failure, severe anemia, renal insufficiency, and extreme abdominal distension. After 3 days of treatment with sirolimus, the aforementioned symptoms improved significantly, and respiratory failure resovled. Over the following 7 years of regular maintenance therapy, lung function declined only slightly each year, and the 6-minute walking test(6MWT) showed no decline. However, after sirolimus was discontinued from January 2020 to April 2021, the patient's lung function and 6MWT declined rapidly, with concurrent development of pneumothorax. Although sirolimus was subsequently resumed and remained effective, with no recurrence of pneumothorax or chylothorax, parameters such as lung function and 6MWT still did not recover significantly. This case suggests that TSC-LAM requires long-term maintenance therapy with sirolimus. Abrupt discontinuation of treatment may lead to rapid clinical deterioration.</p>","PeriodicalId":61512,"journal":{"name":"中华结核和呼吸杂志","volume":"49 8","pages":"875-879"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148681155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of pneumoconiosis complicated with tuberculosis].","authors":"","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20260512-00273","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20260512-00273","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pneumoconiosis complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis is characterized by high prevalence and disability rates, as well as difficulty in early diagnosis, constituting a serious public health problem. The Chinese Society of Tuberculosis (Chinese Medical Association) and the Society of Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases (Chinese Preventive Medicine Association) organized multidisciplinary experts in respiratory diseases, occupational diseases, tuberculosis and other related fields to formulate the Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of pneumoconiosis complicated with tuberculosis. This consensus aims to enhance professional practitioners' understanding of the disease, improve the capacity for early clinical diagnosis, and further advance the prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis in China. It summarizes 12 key clinical issues and proposes 13 targeted recommendations to address difficulties and misconceptions in clinical practice. This consensus was registered on the International Practice Guidelines Registry Platform (PREPARE-2024CN271). It aims to enhance the standardized diagnosis and treatment of pneumoconiosis complicated by pulmonary tuberculosis, improve patient outcomes, and provide practical guidance for the prevention and control of occupational and infectious diseases in China. The main recommendations are as follows.&lt;b&gt;Recommendation 1:&lt;/b&gt; Clinicians and pathologists are advised to pay attention to the mixed pathological features of pneumoconiosis complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis. For patients with pneumoconiosis presenting atypical imaging manifestations or poor response to conventional treatment, pathological specimens should be actively obtained to confirm the diagnosis. Combined use of acid-fast staining, Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture or molecular pathological detection is recommended to increase the detection rate (2C).&lt;b&gt;Recommendation 2:&lt;/b&gt; When performing chest CT examinations and dynamic follow-up for pneumoconiosis patients, clinicians and radiologists should focus on multifocal and polymorphic lesions, as well as short-term imaging changes suggestive of active tuberculosis (2C).&lt;b&gt;Recommendation 3:&lt;/b&gt; For patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with pneumoconiosis: (1) Be aware that sputum bacteriological tests may yield false-negative results due to dust interference. Repeated sampling or combined detection methods are recommended, including bacteriological and molecular tests on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) obtained via bronchoscopy. Results of immunological assays such as the interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) and tuberculin skin test (TST)shall also be combined for comprehensive judgment. (2) In cases with atypical imaging findings and clinical symptoms, bronchoscopy-guided pathological sampling (e.g., EBUS-GS [endobronchial ultrasound with guide sheath], ENB [electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy]) is prio","PeriodicalId":61512,"journal":{"name":"中华结核和呼吸杂志","volume":"49 8","pages":"821-833"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148681169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Impact of the high-altitude environment on preserved ratio impaired spirometry and its underlying mechanisms].","authors":"Y Hang, Q Jin, F Tang, R L Ge","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20260323-00162","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20260323-00162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) is an intermediate phenotype between normal lung function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and it carries a high risk of progressing to COPD. Due to unique factors such as hypobaric hypoxia, the detection rate of PRISm is significantly higher in high-altitude environments than in plain areas. High-altitude hypoxia may contribute to the development and progression of PRISm through multiple mechanisms, including induction of systemic inflammatory responses, oxidative stress injury, abnormal activation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling pathways, and an increased cardiopulmonary compensatory burden. However, direct evidence regarding the specific mechanisms involved still requires further investigation. Unique risk factors for PRISm in high-altitude regions include elevated white blood cell count, elevated red blood cell distribution width, and a history of tuberculosis. Current research on PRISm at high altitude faces challenges including a lack of diagnostic criteria, insufficient epidemiological data, and limited mechanistic exploration. Future efforts should focus on establishing altitude-specific reference values for lung function, conducting multicenter longitudinal cohort studies and multi-omics mechanistic research, developing appropriate screening and intervention tools, promoting interdisciplinary collaboration, and improving the comprehensive prevention and control system for PRISm in high-altitude regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":61512,"journal":{"name":"中华结核和呼吸杂志","volume":"49 8","pages":"908-912"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148681193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Congenital pulmonary vein atresia in adults: a report of two cases and literature review].","authors":"J W Chen, H L Zhang, K Wang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20251126-00745","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20251126-00745","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To summarize the clinical features, imaging findings, and diagnostic and therapeutic experience of adult patients with congenital pulmonary vein atresia (CPVA), in order to improve clinicians' awareness of this rare disease. <b>Methods:</b> The clinical data of 2 adult patients initially diagnosed with CPVA in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. In combination with literature retrieved from PubMed and Web of Science up to June 2025, we performed a pooled analysis of CPVA cases diagnosed at age ≥18 years. A total of 30 cases from 27 articles were included; together with 2 cases, a total of 32 cases were analyzed. Their clinical manifestations, imaging characteristics, treatment, and prognosis were summarized. <b>Results:</b> Both of our 2 patients were female, aged 24 and 68 years. Case 1 presented with cough and blood-streaked sputum during pregnancy, with symptom relief after delivery; imaging revealed absence of the right pulmonary veins and a right aortic arch. Case 2 presented with chronic cough and was found to have right upper pulmonary vein atresia with collateral circulation. Among the 32 pooled patients, the median age at diagnosis was 25 years. The main symptoms were hemoptysis (13 cases), dyspnea (11 cases), and cough with sputum (6 cases); 5 cases were asymptomatic. Unilateral involvement occurred in 24 cases (right 16, left 8). Conservative treatment was given in 16 cases, and pneumonectomy in 8 cases. Most patients improved after conservative or surgical treatment, with only 1 death due to postoperative complications. On imaging, CPVA often manifested as non-visualization of the affected pulmonary veins, interstitial lung changes, and systemic-to-pulmonary collaterals, and was easily misdiagnosed as interstitial lung disease or infectious lesions. <b>Conclusion:</b> Although CPVA is rare in adults, some cases can be well compensated and remain undiagnosed until adulthood or even old age. The clinical manifestations are nonspecific, and imaging examinations often provide the first clue to diagnosis; therefore, vascular malformations should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unilateral pulmonary lesions. Treatment should be individualized: conservative follow-up is suitable for asymptomatic or mild cases, whereas surgery or interventional therapy may be considered for those with massive hemoptysis or severe symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":61512,"journal":{"name":"中华结核和呼吸杂志","volume":"49 8","pages":"849-856"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148681136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Efficacy and safety of pixavir marboxil for uncomplicated influenza in adults: a phase Ⅱ, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial].","authors":"M F Chen, Y L Sun, Y Yang, L Shao, Y Z Li, Z G Liu, X G Li, L H Qu, G R Yang, X P Wu, D K Yang, Y Huang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20260210-00085","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20260210-00085","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Objective:&lt;/b&gt; To evaluate the antiviral effect, clinical efficacy, safety and tolerability of pixavir marboxil in adult patients with acute, uncomplicated influenza. &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; This was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-ranging phase Ⅱ clinical trial. Eligible participants were adults aged 18 to 64 years with acute, uncomplicated influenza, presenting within 48 hours of symptom onset with an axillary temperature ≥38.0 ℃ and ≥1 moderate-to-severe influenza symptom, who were neither severely ill nor at high risk for severe disease. Exclusion criteria included known hypersensitivity and recent antiviral use or vaccination. Participants were centrally randomized (1∶1∶1∶1) to oral pixavir marboxil (40 mg, 80 mg, or 40+40 mg) or placebo. Randomization was stratified by body weight (&lt;80 kg &lt;i&gt;vs.&lt;/i&gt;≥80 kg) and baseline influenza symptom score (&lt;12 points &lt;i&gt;vs.&lt;/i&gt;≥12 points). Rescue medications were permitted as clinically indicated during follow-up. The primary endpoint was the time to influenza virus RNA negativity by RT-PCR (time from first dose to the first RNA measurement below the lower limit of detection). Secondary endpoints included the time to relief of all influenza symptoms (severity scores of 0 or 1 for all 7 symptoms, sustained for ≥21.5 hours), time to cessation of infectious viral shedding by virus titer, time to resolution of fever, time to recovery to pre-influenza health status, changes from baseline in EQ-5D-5L scores, and the incidence of adverse events. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS 9.4. Efficacy was analyzed in the intention-to-treat infected (ITTI) and intention-to-treat (ITT) populations. Time-to-event data, including the primary endpoint, were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared between groups using the stratified Peto-Prentice generalized Wilcoxon test. Categorical data were analyzed using the Fisher's exact test or the Mantel-Haenszel test. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; A total of 202 patients with influenza B were enrolled. In the ITTI population (107 cases), the median time to influenza virus RNA negativity was 28.2 h (95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 19.73-43.88) in the 80 mg group, 35.5 h (95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 23.43-45.05) in the 40 mg+40 mg group, and 42.4 h (95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 22.60-57.53) in the 40 mg group, compared with 48.1 h (95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 23.25-83.67) in the placebo group; between-group differences were not statistically significant (all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&gt;0.05). The median times to cessation of infectious viral shedding by virus titer (TCID50) for the pixavir marboxil were [80 mg: 19.5 h (95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 15.17-22.80); 40 mg: 22.6 h (95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 14.72-44.85); 40 mg+40 mg: 23.1 h (95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 18.63-26.98)] were versus the 45.8 h (95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 20.20-68.57) in the placebo group; only the 80 mg group reached a statistically significant difference (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=0.027). In the ITT population (200 cases), pixavir marboxil 40 mg significantly shortened the median time to relief of","PeriodicalId":61512,"journal":{"name":"中华结核和呼吸杂志","volume":"49 7","pages":"728-735"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148354807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Research advances in hypercapnia and cognitive impairment].","authors":"M J Wang, Z J Zhang, X X Lan, H B Yuan","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20251201-00757","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20251201-00757","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypercapnia, as a prevalent pathophysiological phenomenon in clinical practice, plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of respiratory diseases. In recent years, the association between hypercapnia and cognitive impairment has garnered increasing attention. This review systematically summarizes the clinical features and multiple underlying mechanisms of hypercapnia-induced cognitive impairment, based on a review of current evidence. The review aims to provide a theoretical foundation for the early detection, prevention, and treatment of hypercapnia-related cognitive impairment in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":61512,"journal":{"name":"中华结核和呼吸杂志","volume":"49 6","pages":"694-699"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148159250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Dupilumab for severe asthma complicated with chronic spontaneous urticaria refractory to omalizumab and mepolizumab: a case report].","authors":"T G Qu, S W Yi, Y Q Deng, Y Cui, S Mao, S R Fang, L Ye","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20251203-00764","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20251203-00764","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biological targeted drugs play an important role in the treatment of severe bronchial asthma. According to the <i>Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) 2025 Report</i> and the <i>Chinese Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Bronchial Asthma (2024 Edition)</i>, for patients with poorly controlled symptoms despite treatment with high-dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) combined with long-acting β₂-agonists (LABAs), approved biological targeted agents are recommended as add-on therapy. In addition, some of these agents are also indicated for allergic and immune-mediated conditions, including chronic spontaneous urticaria, atopic dermatitis, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, and allergic rhinitis. However, in clinical practice, the precise selection of biological targeted drugs remains challenging in patients with severe asthma complicated by comorbidities. Although biologics can substantially improve the prognosis of some patients with severe asthma, a notable proportion still show a suboptimal initial response. Therefore, switching between biologics has become a common clinical strategy. Here, we report a patient with severe asthma complicated with chronic spontaneous urticaria who received three different biological agents sequentially. By analyzing the evolution of clinical characteristics and the adjustment made to the therapeutic regimens, we ultimately identified an effective treatment strategy. This case is intended to provide a reference for the selection of biologics and individualized treatment in patients with severe asthma and concomitant comorbidities.</p>","PeriodicalId":61512,"journal":{"name":"中华结核和呼吸杂志","volume":"49 6","pages":"677-681"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148159267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}