Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Chemical composition and source attribution of PM2.5 and PM10 in Delhi-National Capital Region (NCR) of India: results from an extensive seasonal campaign","authors":"Moqtik Bawase,&nbsp;Yogesh Sathe,&nbsp;Hemant Khandaskar,&nbsp;Sukrut Thipse","doi":"10.1007/s10874-020-09412-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-020-09412-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ambient particulate matter concentrations in Delhi and its peripheral towns has been a matter of serious concern in the last decade. Understanding the changing nature of the chemical composition of particulates, their spatial and seasonal variability can be utilized for identifying probable sources. This study presents an extensive dataset of the chemical composition of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ collected using speciation samplers, from 19 locations representing different activities and spread across Delhi–NCR during summer and winter seasons in the year 2016–17. Identification of contributing sources using chemical ratios as source indicators is attempted. A distinct seasonal variability in both PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ was observed, with winter maxima and summer minima. The fine fraction i.e. PM_2.5 was dominated by organic matter (OM) with mean concentrations of 40.96±25.74?μg/m³ followed by Sulfate-Nitrate-Ammonium (SNA) ions (31.44±20.69?μg/m³) and Elemental Carbon (EC) (19.56±12.57?μg/m³); while the coarse fraction i.e. PM₁₀ was dominated by OM (73.03±40.55?μg/m³) and SNA (47.25±30.56?μg/m³) along with significant contributions from crustal materials (40.85±18.89?μg/m³). The chemical ratios suggested mixed sources of PM with major contributions from vehicular emissions, re-suspended and/or construction dust, and fossil fuel combustion along with intermittent contributions from biomass and open waste burning. This analysis provides useful insights into the sources and processes affecting the particulate formation and underlines the need to control primary emissions as well as secondary precursors for air quality improvements in the region. The data generated under this campaign can also serve as an essential input for further evaluation using receptor modeling.</p>","PeriodicalId":611,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry","volume":"78 1","pages":"35 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10874-020-09412-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4386130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emission estimates of trace gases (VOCs and NOx) and their reactivity during biomass burning period (2003–2017) over Northeast India","authors":"Kunal Bali,&nbsp;Amit Kumar,&nbsp;Sapna Chourasiya","doi":"10.1007/s10874-020-09413-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-020-09413-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The study analysed spatio-temporal distribution of fire radiative power (FRP) and estimates of trace gases [volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NO<i>x</i>)] along with their reactivity during biomass burning period of March (2003–2017) over the northeast region (NER), India. Reanalysis data of FRP along with emission rates of trace gases have been retrieved from Global Fire Assimilation System. Results showed that average FRP was estimated to be 0.37 Wm^?2 with the highest value in Mizoram (0.16 Wm^?2) among 7-states of the study region. Temporally, relatively higher FRP occurred during the year of 2006 and 2010 while lowest in 2017. FRP-based VOCs and NO<i>x</i> emission estimates were 431 and 69.5?mg/m²/day, respectively which are consistent with observed FRP. Among different groups of VOCs, oxygenated species were the largest group (~56%) estimated followed by alkenes, alkanes, aromatics, and biogenic. Photochemical reactivities of VOCs were estimated using propylene-equivalent and maximum incremental reactivity methods which showed oxygenated species had the highest contributions in chemical reactivity. Based on the MIR scale, the top ten leading contributor species for ozone (O₃) formation were in descending order of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, ethene, propene, toluene, butane, isoprene, methanol, pentene, and hexane which accounted for approximately 97% of total ozone formation. We also examined the ozone formation regime using VOCs/NO<i>x</i> ratios which indicated that O3 formation was likely to be VOC-sensitive over NER. Our results could be used for the understanding of FRP-based trace gas emissions during biomass burning and to establish effective preventive measures for reduction in O₃ pollution.</p>","PeriodicalId":611,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry","volume":"78 1","pages":"17 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10874-020-09413-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4210842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Rome’s rainwater in the early of 2018 aiming to find correlations between chemical-physical parameters and sources of pollution: a statistical study","authors":"Luca Ugo Fontanella,&nbsp;Mauro Tomassetti,&nbsp;Giovanni Visco,&nbsp;Maria Pia Sammartino","doi":"10.1007/s10874-020-09409-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-020-09409-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Analysis of rainwater in historical cities plays a key role to save ancient monuments from atmospheric agents. In this study we sampled the Rome’s rainwater from February to July of 2018 and we analysed them to determine their chemical and physical parameters: pH, redox potential, conductivity, temperature, and the concentration of the main inorganic ions (Na⁺, K⁺, Ca⁺⁺, Mg⁺⁺, F^?, Cl^?, NO₃^?, SO₄^??). The volume of the daily fallen rainwater, the speed and direction of the wind in the sampling site were also collected. In order to find a correlation between all the above data we used the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Results evidenced that there aren’t authentic “acid rains” as the minimum pH value that we found is 5.2. In some cases high concentrations of nitrates and sulphates were found with maximum values of 12.4?ppm and 18.7?ppm respectively. We also found no correlation between the rainwater’s composition and the seasonal period; on the contrary, the speed and direction of the wind, especially when coming from the sea or industrial country near Rome, play a noticeable role on the rainwater composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":611,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry","volume":"78 1","pages":"1 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10874-020-09409-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5022047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Model for estimating activity coefficients in binary and ternary ionic surfactant solutions","authors":"Silvia M. Calderón,&nbsp;Jussi Malila,&nbsp;Nønne L. Prisle","doi":"10.1007/s10874-020-09407-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-020-09407-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We introduce the <i>CMC based Ionic Surfactant Activity model (CISA)</i> to calculate activity coefficients in ternary aqueous solutions of an ionic surfactant and an inorganic salt. The surfactant can be either anionic or cationic and in the present development, the surfactant and inorganic salts share a common counterion. CISA incorporates micellization into the Pitzer–Debye–Hückel (PDH) framework for activities of mixed electrolyte solutions. To reduce computing requirements, a parametrization of the critical micelle concentration (CMC) is used to estimate the degree of micellization instead of explicit equilibrium calculations. For both binary and ternary systems, CISA only requires binary experimentally-based parameters to describe water–ion interactions and temperature–composition dependency of the CMC. The CISA model is intended in particular for atmospheric applications, where higher-order solution interaction parameters are typically not constrained by experiments and the description must be reliable across a wide range of compositions. We evaluate the model against experimental activity data for binary aqueous solutions of ionic surfactants sodium octanoate and sodium decanoate, as common components of atmospheric aerosols, and sodium dodecylsulfate, the most commonly used model compound for atmospheric surfactants. Capabilities of the CISA model to describe ternary systems are tested for the water–sodium decanoate–sodium chloride system, a common surrogate for marine background cloud condensation nuclei and to our knowledge the only atmospherically relevant system for which ternary activity data is available. For these systems, CISA is able to provide continuous predictions of activity coefficients both below and above CMC and in all cases gives an improved description of the water activity above the CMC, compared to the alternative model of Burchfield and Wolley [<i>J. Phys. Chem.</i>, 88(10), 2149–2155 (1984)]. The water activity is a key parameter governing the formation and equilibrium growth of cloud droplets. The CISA model can be extended from the current form to include the effect of other inorganic salts with the existing database of binary PDH parameters and using appropriate mixing rules to account for ion specificity in the micellization process.</p>","PeriodicalId":611,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry","volume":"77 4","pages":"141 - 168"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10874-020-09407-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4320134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of chemical characteristics of PM2.5 during two winters in Xiangtan City in south central China","authors":"Xiao-Yao Ma,&nbsp;Zheng-Hui Xiao,&nbsp;Li-Zhi He,&nbsp;Yun-Jiang Cao,&nbsp;Ji-Song Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10874-020-09410-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-020-09410-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To assess the efficacy of the “Implementation Details of Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan”, the chemical composition of PM_2.5 and other pollutants was determined during the winters of 2013–2014 and 2016–2017 at two urban sites in Xiangtan City, Hunan. The concentrations of PM_2.5, SO₂, and NO₂ decreased from 146.0 to 94.5?μg/m³, 75.9 to 33.5?μg/m³, and 80.6 to 55.8?μg/m³, respectively, from winter 2013–2014 to winter 2016–2017. The concentrations of almost all the major chemical components of PM_2.5 decreased as well, particularly secondary inorganic aerosols (SIAs). These results indicate that the implementation of the air quality control plan was very effective in improving air quality. Analysis of the data also suggests that SIA formation is likely responsible for high winter PM_2.5 pollution and that high relative humidity levels and low wind speed can promote the formation of SIA. A 72-h back trajectory analysis shows that both regional transport and the accumulation of local pollutants under stagnant meteorological conditions promote the occurrence of episodes of high wintertime pollution levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":611,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry","volume":"77 4","pages":"169 - 183"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10874-020-09410-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4909453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertical distributions of the microscopic morphological characteristics and elemental composition of aerosols over India","authors":"Mukunda M. Gogoi,&nbsp;Roseline C. Thakur,&nbsp;Sahina Gazi,&nbsp;Vijayakumar S. Nair,&nbsp;Rahul Mohan,&nbsp;S. Suresh Babu","doi":"10.1007/s10874-020-09406-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-020-09406-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Particle morphology and elemental compositions are among the crucial parameters of aerosols required for accurate understanding of the climatic effect of aerosols in the earth-atmosphere system; yet their vertical distributions and region specific properties are poorly characterised due to sparse in-situ measurements. This is the first study to classify and quantify the vertical distributions of the morphological characteristics and elemental composition of aerosols based on single particle as well as bulk chemical analysis over seven geographically diverse regions of northern and central parts of India during spring (April–May, 2013), carried out as a part of Regional Aerosol Warming Experiment (RAWEX). Significant regional distinctiveness in shapes (non-sphericity), sizes and elemental compositions of the airborne particles were conspicuous, having dominance of highly irregular granular aggregates over the north Indian sites. The non-spherical coarse mode particles dominated the lower free tropospheric regions (&gt; 2?km) of the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP). These particles could be responsible for enhanced spring time aerosol absorption in the elevated region of the atmosphere. Elemental compositions of the single particle analysis indicate that the free tropospheric layer over the IGP and central India is enriched with Na and Ca compounds mixed with Fe or Al (soil particles), indicating long range transport of crustal aerosols. This finding is very well supported by the bulk particle analysis indicating abundance of Ca²⁺ in the free troposphere with low contribution of ssNa⁺. Particles with irregular rough surfaces having dominance of SiO₂ were observed over all the study sites. The percentage share of spherical (either smooth or rough) particles to the total morphological characteristics of the particles was found to be highly subdued (&lt; 10%). The present study thus critically assesses the relevant knowledge pertaining to the morphological features of aerosols over the IGP during spring for the accurate estimation of aerosol radiative properties. More such efforts are required in future to study the connections and dependencies between morphological and radiative properties of aerosols in different seasons.</p>","PeriodicalId":611,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry","volume":"77 4","pages":"117 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10874-020-09406-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4856382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long term trends of wet deposition and atmospheric concentrations of nitrogen and sulfur compounds at EMEP site in Armenia","authors":"Yekaterina Perikhanyan,&nbsp;Gayane Shahnazaryan,&nbsp;Arpine Gabrielyan","doi":"10.1007/s10874-020-09408-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-020-09408-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents the trends of gaseous nitric acid, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ammonia and nitrate, ammonium, sulfate ions in atmospheric air, and nitrate, ammonium and sulfate ions in wet deposition over 2008–2018 in Armenia. Atmospheric nitrogen and sulfur concentrations were monitored by data obtained from filter pack samplers and glass sinter filters at background monitoring station of Armenia (Amberd), which is designated as EMEP (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme) station. Laboratory analyses were performed by ion chromatography system and UV spectrophotometer. MAKESENS programme was used for detecting and estimating trends in the time series of annual average values of atmospheric concentrations. Long term trends of atmospheric concentrations of nitrogen and sulfur compounds at the Amberd air quality monitoring station were calculated and discussed for the investigated decade. The trends significance levels for all parameters are calculated. It is identified that there are no significant trends for all explored paramenters, except reduced sulfur in aerosols. Possible emission and deposition changes of nitrogen and sulfur compounds in Armenia were explored in order to identify possible transboundary air pollution and its main sources. Deposition data was estimated by EMEP MSC-W model calculations. Investigation of transboundary fluxes of nitrogen and sulfur compounds displays main receptor areas and contributors. Analysis of seasonality in atmospheric pollutants shows strong seasonal behaviour of the measured parameters in wet deposition - higher concentrations during summertime compared with the wintertime. Atmospheric concentrations of nitrate and ammonium ions are lower during summertime compared with the wintertime, while ammonia has low concentrations during wintertime. Atmospheric nitric acid, sulfate ion, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide revel no significant seasonality.</p>","PeriodicalId":611,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry","volume":"77 3","pages":"101 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10874-020-09408-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4858925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sources of HULIS-C and its relationships with trace metals, ionic species in PM2.5 in suburban Shanghai during haze and non-haze days","authors":"Myat Sandar Win,&nbsp;Junyang Zeng,&nbsp;Chuanhe Yao,&nbsp;Mengfei Zhao,&nbsp;Guangli Xiu,&nbsp;Tingting Xie,&nbsp;Lanfang Rao,&nbsp;Luying Zhang,&nbsp;Hui Lu,&nbsp;Xinchun Liu,&nbsp;Qingyue Wang,&nbsp;Senlin Lu","doi":"10.1007/s10874-020-09404-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-020-09404-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Humic-like substances (HULIS), the most ubiquitous class of water-soluble organic compounds in the atmosphere could enhance the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and play a significant role in impacting aerosol chemistry and health effects. In this study, twenty-three PM_2.5 samples were collected in the atmosphere of suburban Shanghai from November 29 to December 17, 2015, and March 17 to April 30, 2016, during haze and non-haze days. The mean concentrations of HULIS in spring both in haze and non-haze days (2.34?±?0.70 μg/m³ and 1.94?±?0.88 μg/m³) were relatively higher than in that of winter (1.93?±?0.95 μg/m³ and 1.31?±?0.28 μg/m³). The ammonium, sulfate, and nitrate are the dominant ionic species in both winter and spring during haze days in suburban Shanghai. Correlation results revealed that HULIS formation was highly associated with the biomass burning (K) and secondary aerosols formation (SIA: NH₄⁺, SO₄^2?, NO₃^?) and also well-correlated with F^? and ca.²⁺ ions, crustal elements (Al and Fe) and anthropogenic pollution metals (As, Se, Rb, Sr, and Pb), suggesting that HULIS-C formation might be from biomass burning and secondary aerosol processes and also mixed formation (marine, crustal and industrial emissions) sources. From the coinciding results of the clustering analysis and weighted-CWT model, the principal potential source regions were the short transports from the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) regions, local regions, marine areas (the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea) and also the long-range transports from northwestern in those seasons.</p>","PeriodicalId":611,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry","volume":"77 3","pages":"63 - 81"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10874-020-09404-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4754647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical characteristics of particulate matters and their emission sources over Varanasi during winter season","authors":"Vineet Pratap,&nbsp;Akhilesh Kumar,&nbsp;Shani Tiwari,&nbsp;Pradeep Kumar,&nbsp;Avneesh Kumar Tripathi,&nbsp;Abhay Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1007/s10874-020-09405-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-020-09405-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The chemical composition of particulate matter impacts both human health and climate. In this study, the chemical characteristics of particulate matter was measured for four months (November 2016–February 2017) at Varanasi, which is located in the middle of the Indo-Gangetic Basin (IGB). The daily observed mean values of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 are 134?±?48 and 213?±?80?μg/m³, respectively, which exceeds both national and international standards. The average value of PM_2.5/PM₁₀ ratio is 0.64?±?0.16 which indicates a relatively higher fraction of fine particles that are attributed to anthropogenic emission sources (biomass/post-harvest burning) as corroborated by MODIS fire counts and back trajectory analysis. Ion chromatographic measurements showed that SO₄^2?, Cl^?, K⁺, NO₃^?, Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ are the major ionic species present in the aerosol. Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM–EDX) analysis shows the prevalence of carbon-rich particles at Varanasi which is likely due to biomass burning and other anthropogenic sources.</p>","PeriodicalId":611,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry","volume":"77 3","pages":"83 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10874-020-09405-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5160422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation of carbonaceous species and trace elements in PM10 at a mountain site in the central Himalayan region of India","authors":"S. K. Sharma,&nbsp;Nikki Choudhary,&nbsp;Priyanka Srivastava,&nbsp;Manish Naja,&nbsp;N. Vijayan,&nbsp;Garima Kotnala,&nbsp;T. K. Mandal","doi":"10.1007/s10874-020-09402-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-020-09402-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":611,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry","volume":"77 3","pages":"49 - 62"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10874-020-09402-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5632884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}