JOM最新文献

{"title":"Microstructural and Mechanical Evolution of Powder Metallurgy Ti6Al4V Alloy During High-Temperature Forging in the β Region Under 50%–90% Deformation","authors":"Hao Pan,&nbsp;Kehan Liu,&nbsp;Fang Yang,&nbsp;Xin Li,&nbsp;Shangxing Qiu,&nbsp;Shihao Chen,&nbsp;Ren Zhang,&nbsp;Xinbo He,&nbsp;Cunguang Chen,&nbsp;Zhimeng Guo,&nbsp;Xinhua Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11837-026-08537-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11837-026-08537-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To systematically investigate the effect of deformation on microstructure and mechanical properties, high-temperature forging was performed on powder metallurgy Ti6Al4V alloy at 1100°C at three deformation levels: 50%, 75%, and 90%. As the deformation increased from 50% to 90%, yield strength and ultimate tensile strength increased markedly from 839/934 MPa to 1048/1070 MPa, while the elongation decreased from 14% to 10%, indicating a typical strength-ductility trade-off. Microstructurally, the evolution progresses from lamellar <i>α</i> dominance at 50% deformation, to fragmented short-lath/short-plate <i>α</i> with more evident secondary <i>α</i> precipitation at 75% deformation, and, finally, to a higher fraction of near-equiaxed <i>α</i> accompanied by further increased secondary <i>α</i> precipitation at 90% deformation. EBSD analysis revealed continuous grain refinement, characterized by in increase in low-angle grain boundary fractions and a relative decrease in high-angle boundaries. Kernel average misorientation extends from grain boundaries into the interiors, indicating that refinement was mainly controlled by dislocation-mediated substructural evolution, while high-angle boundary reconstruction remained limited. At the texture level, the pole figures and inverse pole figures showed reduced peak intensity and broadening, while <i>β</i>-parent orientations became more dispersed, indicating suppression of variant coarsening and abnormal growth. Overall, large deformation increased dislocation density and promoted the development of subgrain/low-angle boundary networks, along with secondary <i>α</i> precipitation, thereby driving microstructural refinement and orientation dispersion, resulting in effective strengthening.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":605,"journal":{"name":"JOM","volume":"78 9","pages":"8552 - 8567"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148782138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning Framework for Assessment and Monitoring of Hydrogen Gas Leakage in Manufacturing Plants","authors":"Shyam Kumar Menon,&nbsp;Adesh Kumar,&nbsp;Surajit Mondal","doi":"10.1007/s11837-026-08544-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11837-026-08544-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hydrogen gas is the lightest and most abundant element and is employed in the clean energy sector and as a chemical feedstock because of its zero-carbon production profile. Hydrogen has high diffusivity and low ignition energy, making it prone to unnoticed leaks, increasing the risk of fire and explosions in work environments. This investigation proposes a real-time hydrogen leakage monitoring framework that combines electrochemical sensing, industrial data acquisition, and hybrid machine learning to enable predictive safety assessment in manufacturing plants. A dispersed network of sensors, including Dräger Polytron 7000 and Honeywell Sensepoint XCL hydrogen sensors, with temperature and humidity sensors, was placed at critical leakage locations identified through Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA). National Instruments Compact DAQ hardware and LabVIEW were used to acquire real-time sensor data at a sampling rate of 1 s. Then, preprocessing, including Butterworth filtering, interpolation, temporal alignment, and feature extraction, was executed using MATLAB. The paper also proposed a Random Forest-Long Short-Term Memory (RF-LSTM) framework to combine statistical classification capabilities with temporal sequence learning for leakage prediction. Both normal operating data and controlled hydrogen-leak scenarios were used to validate this investigation experimentally. The created framework achieved a classification accuracy of 98.2%, 99.0% recall (sensitivity), 97.8% specificity, 98.3% F1 score, and an AUC of 0.994 across five-fold cross-validation. The average leak detection response time for leak concentrations &gt; 50 ppm was approximately 5.1 s. The model is also suitable for generating email alerts, making it well-suited for industrial applications related to hydrogen safety. The research indicates that the improvements may include adaptive learning, geospatial triangulation, and the integration of acoustic or infrared sensing for more precise leak localization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":605,"journal":{"name":"JOM","volume":"78 9","pages":"8585 - 8600"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148782139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecofriendly Recovery of Pt, Pd, and Ce from Spent Automobile Catalytic Converter Using Dilute Organic Acids","authors":"Bhagyashree Uppin,&nbsp;Hammad Nazir,&nbsp;Jayappa Manjanna","doi":"10.1007/s11837-026-08547-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11837-026-08547-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The spent automobile catalytic convertor (SACC) is the important secondary metal resource of the platinum group of metals (PGMs) because it is coated with platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), and rhodium (Rh). This study is focused on the recovery of PGMs and Ce from SACC using two different hydrometallurgical approaches (route A and route B). In route A, the finely ground SACC powder was roasted (with sodium hydroxide in ratio of 1:3) at 700°C for 2 h and the resulting residue was leached distilled water at 80°C for about 1 h. After water leaching, the residue was leached using organic acids (2-picolonic acid, malic acid, and citric acid). About 65% Pt, 67% Pd, and 23% Ce were leached in 0.1 M citric acid with a solid-to-liquid ratio (S/L) of 50 g/L at 80°C, and leaching time 12 h. The 77% of Ce which remained undissolved was present in residue form. In route B, 1 g of pretreated SACC was leached using a mixture of 2 M tartaric acid and 0.3 M ascorbic acid (6.67:1) with an S/L of 10 g/L at 80°C for 6 h. About 77.5% of the Ce was selectively leached from the SACC.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":605,"journal":{"name":"JOM","volume":"78 10","pages":"9286 - 9293"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149027613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deformation Behavior and Constitutive Model Modification with Friction Correction of TC4 Titanium Alloy During Hot Compression","authors":"Zhixin Han,&nbsp;Wei Luo,&nbsp;Gaoyong Lin,&nbsp;Jie Tang,&nbsp;Weizhong Feng,&nbsp;Pinghui Zhang,&nbsp;Mingzhe Zhou,&nbsp;Huiqun Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11837-026-08536-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11837-026-08536-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Friction during high-temperature deformation strongly affects the flow behavior and microstructural uniformity of the TC4 alloy. In this study, hot compression tests were performed at 830–1080°C and strain rates of 0.01–10 s⁻¹ under two lubrication conditions, tantalum foil (Ta) and tantalum foil + graphite sheet (Ta + C), to investigate the effects of lubrication on friction behavior, constitutive response, and microstructure. The results show that the friction factors under Ta + C lubrication are consistently lower than those under Ta lubrication, being about 0.17–0.63 and decrease with increasing temperature for both lubricants. The flow stresses are lower than the measured values, and the deviation increases with strain. At 830–880°C, the flow stress under Ta lubrication is significantly higher than that under Ta + C lubrication, and the flow curves exhibit more pronounced DRX characteristics. At 930–1080°C, the difference in flow stress between the two lubrication conditions becomes much smaller, and the flow curves tend to stabilize after the peak, suggesting DRV-dominated softening. Peak stress-based and strain-compensated Arrhenius constitutive equations were established for the <i>α</i> + <i>β</i> and <i>β</i> phase regions under both lubrication conditions, and both models showed high predictive accuracy. The activation energy values calculated under Ta + C lubrication are consistently lower than those under Ta lubrication, indicating that the reduced friction effect allows the constitutive parameters to better reflect the intrinsic hot-deformation response of alloy. Finite-element simulations at 880°C and 1 s⁻¹ show that increasing the friction intensifies strain heterogeneity, with the equivalent strain in the specimen core being significantly higher than that near the die–specimen interface. EBSD analysis further reveals that Ta + C lubrication produces a finer and more homogeneous microstructure, whereas Ta lubrication is more likely to promote local recrystallization due to stronger friction-induced strain heterogeneity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":605,"journal":{"name":"JOM","volume":"78 9","pages":"8534 - 8551"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148782193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous Removal of Co, Cd, and Cu from a Zinc Sulfate Solution Using an Antimony-Activated Purification Method","authors":"Guanghui Jiao,&nbsp;Zhiyong Liu,&nbsp;Zhihong Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11837-026-08535-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11837-026-08535-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Traditional antimony salt purification methods require 100–500 times the theoretical amount of zinc powder for three stages of purification to meet the requirements. The purification efficiency is suboptimal. To address this issue, a one-step antimony salt purification method under an Ar atmosphere was investigated. The study revealed that one-step antimony salt purification proceeds through three primary stages: formation of Cu and Cu₂Sb substrates, deposition of Co and Cd, and redissolution of the precipitates. First, as the zinc powder dissolves, Cu²⁺ and SbO⁺ are reduced on the exposed zinc surface to form Cu and Cu₂Sb substrates. Second, these substrates form microgalvanic cells with zinc powder and act as positive electrodes, on which Co and Cd further accumulate and eventually evolve into aggregates. Finally, as the reaction progresses, the dissolution of Zn powder increases the system potential, promoting system oxidation. The increase in oxidation facilitates the redissolution of Cd by enabling its reaction with H⁺. Under optimal conditions, purification requirements can be met using zinc powder with an amount of 4.73 times the theoretical molar amount. Thus, the proposed approach can reduce zinc powder consumption while ensuring the effective removal of Co, Cd, and Cu.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":605,"journal":{"name":"JOM","volume":"78 9","pages":"8516 - 8533"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148781884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"JOM: The Journal 2027-2028 Editorial Calendar Is Open for Submissions","authors":"Kelly Markel","doi":"10.1007/s11837-026-08555-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11837-026-08555-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":605,"journal":{"name":"JOM","volume":"78 8","pages":"7220 - 7221"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148553082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective Anodic Dissolution Enables a Simplified Electrolytic Route to 4N Lead Directly from High-Impurity Crude Lead","authors":"ShaSha He,&nbsp;YaQi Song,&nbsp;XiaoYong Huang,&nbsp;GuoZheng Zha,&nbsp;Xu Zhang,&nbsp;Bin Yang,&nbsp;Wenlong Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s11837-026-08528-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11837-026-08528-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To address the issues of high energy consumption, lengthy processes, and poor lead selectivity associated with the conventional method of pyrometallurgical pretreatment followed by plate anode electrolytic refining, this study proposes a novel one-step process, which utilizes a granular anode structure to enable direct purification of complex raw materials. Electrochemical techniques, including linear sweep voltammetry, galvanostatic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, were employed to investigate the passivation and impurity dissolution mechanisms of plate anodes. The results demonstrated that the granular structure increases the surface area, allows for independent control of the anode current density, and prevents passivation caused by high antimony content. Under optimal conditions, this process achieved a current efficiency of 98.91% and a specific energy consumption of 166.24 kWh/t. The residual anode ratio was reduced to below 10.85%, representing a significant improvement compared to the conventional rate of 22–45%. The process produced cathode lead with 4N purity and effectively enriched the concentration of precious metals such as gold and silver in the anode slime. Therefore, the granular anode electrolysis technique successfully overcomes passivation challenges posed by high impurity content, providing essential theoretical and technical support for the short-route refining of secondary non-ferrous metal resources.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":605,"journal":{"name":"JOM","volume":"78 9","pages":"8503 - 8515"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148782381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Process Optimization and Mechanistic Insights into the Selective Extraction of Lithium from High-Sodium Salt Lake Brine Using a PMBP-TRPO Synergistic System","authors":"Zong Guo,&nbsp;Li Yan,&nbsp;Honghong Sun,&nbsp;Hao Ma","doi":"10.1007/s11837-026-08549-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11837-026-08549-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The treatment of lithium precipitation end liquors from salt lakes such as those in Qinghai, China, characterized by a high sodium-to-lithium ratio (Na/Li ≈ 87), requires efficient and selective extraction processes. While 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolone (PMBP) has been used with neutral organophosphorus synergists for lithium recovery and rare-earth extraction, its combination with trialkylphosphine oxide (TRPO) has not been explored for high-sodium salt lake brines, and existing PMBP-based approaches often require pre-saponification, adding process complexity. In this work, a PMBP-TRPO synergistic system is proposed for this application, and a systematic process optimization is performed. Through single-factor experiments, optimal extraction conditions were determined to be: PMBP-to-Li molar ratio ≈ 1.77, TRPO concentration ≈ 13.3% v/v, aqueous phase pH 12, O/A ratio of 3:1, and mixing time of 1 min. Without a pre-saponification step, a single-stage lithium extraction efficiency of 90.13% was achieved with only 3.32% sodium co-extraction. Scrubbing with 2% HCl removed &gt; 70% co-extracted sodium while limiting lithium loss to &lt; 1.5%. FTIR analysis confirmed that both C=O (PMBP) and P=O (TRPO) groups participate in lithium coordination. This work provides a promising, operationally simpler process for selective lithium recovery from high-sodium brines and expands the scope of applications for PMBP-based synergistic systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":605,"journal":{"name":"JOM","volume":"78 9","pages":"8614 - 8627"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148782380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Composite Binder-Assisted Cold Briquetting of High-Iron Bauxite Feedstocks for Rotary Kiln–Electric Arc Furnace Smelting","authors":"Tielin He,&nbsp;Hongwei He,&nbsp;Yang Miao,&nbsp;Minhang Han,&nbsp;Ruixin Hao,&nbsp;Zhen Ren,&nbsp;Bo Li,&nbsp;Yinghui Tang","doi":"10.1007/s11837-026-08532-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11837-026-08532-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The ringing of high-iron bauxite in rotary kiln hinders the combined smelting of brown corundum in a rotary kiln-electric arc furnace. A cold-briquetting strategy was developed and a composite binder was designed. When the binder addition is 3 wt.% with a bentonite:waste tire powder:lignin ratio of 1.5:1.0:0.5, the pellet strength reaches 438.67 N at 1200°C. In-situ visual deformation indicates a net, anisotropic macroscopic shrinkage without abnormal bloating (<i>V</i>/<i>V</i>₀ = 0.817). Meanwhile, mercury intrusion porosimetry reveals that the accessible porosity increases from 36.6% to 49.48% and the dominant pore-throat size shifts from 184 nm to 504 nm upon heating to 1200°C, indicating progressive opening and coarsening of the connected pore network driven by devolatilization and reduction reactions. Phase and microstructural analyses suggest a two-step strengthening mechanism: (1) in the 400–800°C range carbonaceous residues from organic binders provide crack-bridging and toughening to alleviate the mid-temperature strength minimum; and (2) near 800°C in-situ hercynite formation contributes a thermally stable inorganic bonding framework that dominates high-temperature strength development. Static high-temperature contact tests with alumina refractory bricks further indicate reduced flux penetration and a more stable pellet–brick interface for the optimized binder system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":605,"journal":{"name":"JOM","volume":"78 10","pages":"9268 - 9285"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149027610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the Coupling Relationship Between the Grinding Characteristics of Multi-component Complex Ore and Its Constituent Minerals","authors":"Jinlin Yang,&nbsp;Pengyan Zhu,&nbsp;Yenan Bu,&nbsp;Wenzhe Xu,&nbsp;Shaojian Ma,&nbsp;Dingzheng Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11837-026-08512-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11837-026-08512-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The coupling relationship between the grinding characteristics of a polymetallic complex ore (PCO) and those of its constituent minerals (CM_S), including pyrrhotite, sphalerite, and quartz, was investigated using the JK drop-weight test, batch grinding tests, a normalization method, MATLAB programming, and a multivariate linear regression model. The results showed that the significance–test parameters of the coupling relationship satisfied <i>F</i> &gt; 0 and <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05 under different grinding conditions, with all test values falling within the ideal range. The influence of the CM on the grinding characteristics of the complex ore followed the order sphalerite &gt; pyrrhotite &gt; quartz. The quantitatively separated contribution rates of the CMs to the grinding characteristics of the complex ore were consistent with those predicted by the established coupling relationship, and the order of contribution was also sphalerite &gt; pyrrhotite &gt; quartz. These findings indicate that the coupling relationship between the grinding characteristics of the PCO and its CMs can be effectively described using the normalization method, MATLAB programming, and the multivariate linear regression model. The results provide a novel method for characterizing the coupling relationship between PCO and its CM.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":605,"journal":{"name":"JOM","volume":"78 9","pages":"8442 - 8454"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148782382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}