Iranian Polymer Journal最新文献

{"title":"Chemical recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) waste using a new co-catalytic system","authors":"Tarek Salem,&nbsp;Mustafa Elshahat,&nbsp;A. A. Saafan,&nbsp;El-Refaie Kenawy","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01429-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-024-01429-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Glycolysis of various PET waste materials reduces environmental threats and recovers the starting raw materials, which in turn accelerates the process of rapid and selective depolymerization of PET waste. This chemical recycling process is crucial for the circular economy of plastic waste. The conversion of PET is carried out with two different types of alcoholysis solvents (ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol) in the presence of a new catalytic system (zinc acetate with dimethyl aniline as co-catalyst), aiming to maximize the conversion and degradation of PET waste for high-yield production of intermediate monomers. The recovered raw materials were used as precursors to prepare unsaturated polyester resins with maleic anhydride and styrene monomers as reactive diluents. In this study, two different grades of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste materials were depolymerized through glycolysis to produce bis-hydroxyethyl terephthalate (BHET) using ethylene glycol (EG) or bis (2(2-hydroxy ethoxy) ethyl) terephthalate (BHDET) using diethylene glycol (DEG). The effects of reaction temperature, amount of co-catalyst, glycolysis time, and glycol/PET ratio on the conversion of PET waste materials and the isolated yield of intermediate monomers BHET and BHDET were investigated. FTIR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, GPC, DSC, and mechanical testing were used to characterize the properties of the reaction products in each step. It was found that the glycolysis of PET waste in the presence of a co-catalytic system proceeded faster than the zinc acetate-catalyzed reaction, as well as the unsaturated polyester resins synthesis.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"34 9","pages":"1305 - 1319"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144880803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuning adhesion/cohesion properties of water-borne pressure-sensitive adhesives through rigid core–soft shell structured particles design: effect of amino resins cross-linkers type","authors":"Hadi Babaie,&nbsp;Gholam Hossein Zohuri,&nbsp;Jaber Khanjani,&nbsp;Mehran Gholami","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01436-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-024-01436-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the present research work, a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) with hard core-soft shell structured latex particles was synthesized through semi-continuous emulsion polymerization of butyl acrylate (BA) and acrylic acid (AA). Urea formaldehyde (UF) and melamine formaldehyde (MF) were used to cross-link the core materials and the effects of type and weight percentage of the cross-linker were evaluated on the chemical, morphological, thermal, and adhesion properties of the resulting latexes. Chemical analysis verified that both UF and MF successfully cross-linked acrylate chains. Thermal analysis corroborated that both MF and UF slightly increased the glass transition temperature of the resulting latexes. Morphological observations confirmed that with increasing UF, the particles size continuously decreased, while with increasing MF, the particles size first increased and then decreased. Gel content increased with increasing UF and MF contents, however, this increase was more significant for MF. The evaluation of the adhesion properties confirmed that tackiness of the PSAs decreased continuously with increasing UF, however, the adhesion first increased and then decreased with increasing MF content. Peel strength firstly showed an increasing trend but then with increasing UF and MF amounts it revealed a decreasing trend. Shear strength was raised with increasing UF and MF contents, however, the increase was more pronounced for MF. Taking all together, MF cross-linker at 1 wt% relative to the total weight of the core monomers produced a PSA with the best equilibrium among tack, peel, and shear strength.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"34 8","pages":"1231 - 1243"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145161618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glycolysis of decolored waste polyethylene terephthalate fabrics catalyzed by zinc oxide nanocrystals","authors":"Jiawei Wang,&nbsp;Yanming Chen,&nbsp;Liang Li,&nbsp;Liyan Wang,&nbsp;Xin Qian","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01430-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-024-01430-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chemical depolymerization and recycling of waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers represent an optimal sustainable approach. However, the presence of dyes in the fibers and the use of conventional homogeneous catalysts may have a detrimental impact on the depolymerization products. In this investigation, solvent extraction was employed to meticulously remove dispersed dyes from waste PET fibers, serving as a crucial preparatory step for subsequent chemical depolymerization. This process was followed by the synthesis of spherical hexagonal Wurtzite zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocrystals through a meticulously refined solution chemical method, with careful consideration given to the potential impacts of surface modification and the alcohol-water ratio on the morphological attributes and particle size distribution of these nanocrystals. These ZnO nanocrystals were subsequently utilized as a pseudo-heterogeneous catalyst, catalyzing the glycolysis of decolorized waste PET fabrics. Systematic investigations were conducted to elucidate the intricate relationships between the morphologies, particle sizes, and concentrations of ZnO nanocrystals and their corresponding catalytic activities, leading to the identification of optimal reaction conditions through a series of conditional experiments. Under these optimized conditions, namely a catalyst concentration of 0.5% (by weight), a reaction temperature of 195 °C, and a duration of 30 min, a remarkable yield of bis (2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) was achieved, reaching 82.07%, with a corresponding mass fraction of 97.62%.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"34 8","pages":"1221 - 1230"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145171192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of electrical percolation of hybrid polyester nanocomposites with carbon black and carbon nanotubes","authors":"Patrichk Giovani Fiore,&nbsp;Bruna Louise Silva,&nbsp;Luiz Antônio Ferreira Coelho","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01441-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-024-01441-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work investigated the role of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon black (CB) nanoparticles in a polyester resin matrix. The objective was to develop nanocomposites that integrated these nanoparticles, aiming to overcome the electrical insulation of the resins and enabled the electrophoretic deposition of paint on metallic surfaces. Nanocomposites at different mass fractions (w/w) of CNTs and/or CB were prepared by means of in-situ high-energy sonication/polymerization. Several techniques were employed to characterize the nanocomposites, such as FTIR, FESEM, TEM, impedance spectroscopy, DSC, and nano-indentation. For the nanocomposites of polyester with carbon black, the studied compositions were 1.5, 3.0, 5.0, 6.0, and 7.0 wt%, and for nanocomposites with carbon nanotubes, mixtures with compositions of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 wt% were prepared in both cases in w/w basis. According to the measurements, the percolation threshold was reached at 0.3 w/w% for CNTs and at 3.0% for carbon black. Before the percolation threshold, the glass transition temperature for both series of nanocomposites showed a depression and, after that, a recovery. A similar behavior was observed for Young’s modulus near the glass transition temperature. The simultaneous mixture of both nanomaterials resulted in significant synergy, increasing the electrical conductivity of the samples up to 100-fold compared to those samples having only carbon nanotubes. It was observed that carbon black nanoparticles filled the empty spaces between the carbon nanotubes, favoring the interactions among them and contributing to the improvement of the electrical properties.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"34 8","pages":"1211 - 1219"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145167840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microencapsulation of laurel essential oil with chitosan for enhanced durability and antimicrobial properties of leather footbeds","authors":"Assel Baidildayeva,&nbsp;Gizem Ceylan Türkoğlu,&nbsp;Mustafa Ökeer,&nbsp;Bayri Eraç,&nbsp;Hüseyin Ata Karavana","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01417-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-024-01417-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work aimed to produce microparticles (MPs) containing laurel essential oil using the spray drying method, optimize the spray drying process, and evaluate the antimicrobial properties and potential application of these microparticles on leather footbeds. Laurel essential oil (LEO) was preferred due to its high antimicrobial potential and was microencapsulated with chitosan using the spray drying method. Microparticles were applied to leather according to two different methods, i.e., dip-coating and spraying. SEM micrographs showed that all the microparticles had round shape, smooth surfaces, and narrow particle-size distribution attributed to the pre-emulsification process. Among all, formulation L₅ (1:1 (w/w) chitosan: LEO with 20% surfactant) exhibited superior features, including a 12 µm <i>D</i>_50% particle size, a narrower particle-size distribution, and a higher production yield (33%) compared to other formulations of microparticles. The encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release studies of the microparticles indicated that L₅ microparticles exhibited high encapsulation efficiency of 90%, with the release of LEO increasing over time, gradually. Microbiological tests on footbeds revealed that, among all the examined microorganisms, dip-coating samples with LEO exhibited the most potent activity against <i>Candida albicans</i>. In flex resistance tests, it produced zones of 12 + 13 mm, and in dry and wet rubbing tests, it demonstrated zones of 12 + 10 mm. This indicated a high efficacy even after substantial use of the leather footbeds. The work concluded that the developed microparticles were effective for antimicrobial applications on leather footbeds, particularly against <i>Candida albicans</i>.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"34 7","pages":"1015 - 1027"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145167835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of polysaccharide-based nanofibrous membranes as intra-abdominal adhesion barriers","authors":"Serife Safak,&nbsp;Rabia Gozde Ozalp,&nbsp;Nesrin Ugras,&nbsp;Gulbahar Saat,&nbsp;Esra Karaca","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01440-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-024-01440-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study aims to produce nanofibrous membranes from polysaccharide-based polymers as novel surgical adhesion barriers and to test the clinical efficiency of developed nanofibrous anti-adhesive barriers in vivo conditions. The anti-adhesive effects of electrospun nanofibrous membranes made of hyaluronic acid/carboxymethyl cellulose (HA/CMC) and hyaluronic acid/sodium alginate (HA/NaAlg) were investigated in comparison with a commercial adhesion barrier. HA/CMC and HA/NaAlg nanofibrous membranes were prepared by electrospinning, followed by cross-linking with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride/<i>N</i>-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (EDC/NHS). The effects of electrospun nanofibrous membranes on the formation of adhesion, fibrosis, inflammation, and neovascularization post-operation were evaluated in a rat model. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) images showed that the beadless and continuous nanofibers were produced for both membranes. The groups that used HA/CMC and HA/NaAlg nanofibrous membranes were not statistically different in macroscopic adhesion formation, fibrosis, and inflammation (<i>P</i> &gt; 0.05), except for in neovascularization (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). On the other hand, the HA/NaAlg nanofibrous membrane was distinctly decreased inflammation, fibrosis and neovascularization and, was statistically different in all parameters except for fibrosis, compared with Seprafilm and control groups. The results suggested that electrospun nanofibrous membranes were more effective in preventing the adhesion process than the commercial product. It was emphasized that the mesh material frequently used in abdominal surgery causes severe adhesion and as a result there is a need to use nanofibrous adhesion barrier.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"34 8","pages":"1199 - 1209"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145167895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioactive chitosan sulfonamide hydrogels and nanohydrogels: design, synthesis and characterization","authors":"Nadia G. Kandile,&nbsp;Shimaa Kh Farouk,&nbsp;Howida T. Zaky,&nbsp;Abir S. Nasr","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01433-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-024-01433-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chitosan is a versatile polysaccharide that can be modified to enhance its properties for diverse biomedical applications. Sulfonamide derivatives can be utilized in the development of drugs and bioactive compounds. In this study, chitosan was modified with diphenyl sulfone 3,3'-disulfonyl chloride to produce hydrogel Cs-DPS -I, along with its analogs nanohydrogel NCs-DPS-III. Furthermore, in the presence of glutaraldehyde, hydrogel Cs-DPS-G-II, and its corresponding nanohydroge l NCs-DPS-G-IV were synthesized through Schiff-base formation. The chemical structure, composition, and morphology of the hydrogels and nanohydrogels were evidenced by different techniques. The swelling behavior of the hydrogels and nanohydrogels was studied under various pH values (3.0, 7.0 and10.0) and temperatures (25, 40, 60 and 80 °C). Furthermore, the loading efficiency, capacity and release of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) onto the hydrogels and nanohydrogels were assessed. Among the tested hydrogels, Cs-DPS-I displayed the most promising results in terms of drug-loading efficiency and capacity for 5-FU that reached 83.8% and 172.8 mg/g, respectively. The prepared hydrogel Cs-DPS-I-Alg exhibited the highest drug-release rate at pH 1.2, which reached 85.54%. In addition, the antimicrobial efficacy of newly synthesized hydrogels and nanohydrogels was evaluated against a range of Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and selected fungi. The hydrogel Cs-DPS-G-II demonstrated superior inhibitory activity toward the examined bacterial strains, including <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (22), <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (21), <i>Escherichia coli</i> (16) and <i>proteus</i> (19). Also, it exhibited the most significant effect against the tested fungi, <i>Aspergillus</i> (22) and <i>Candida</i> (24). These findings demonstrated that modifying chitosan with diphenyl sulfone 3,3`-disulfonyl chloride enhances its biologic potency.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"34 8","pages":"1181 - 1197"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paradigm shift in orthopedic implants from metals to polymers","authors":"Muhammad Atif,&nbsp;Sana Shoukat,&nbsp;Muhammad Imran,&nbsp;Musinguzi Alex","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01438-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-024-01438-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The creation of highly biocompatible advanced materials for use in orthopedics has long been a goal. Because of this need, orthopedic implants have progressed from metals to polymeric composites. Ancient orthopedic implants were mostly metals, but in the present age, advanced new materials in orthopedic surgery and prostheses have broadened the available options. Alternative forms of treatment are becoming increasingly possible with the upgrade of mechanical properties and improved quality of materials. The mechanical performance of advanced material is rationalized including tensile and flexural strength, elastic modulus, and wear resistance to assess their suitability for orthopedic applications. In recent eras, the novelty in research includes the use of reinforced polymer-based composite due to mechanical strength and stress shielding close to real human bone. Also, a comparative analysis of natural and synthetic reinforcement in composites proves that the former is biocompatible, eco-friendly, and economically cost-effective. The bioactivity of composites can be improved by surface modification with bio-coating to promote enhanced biomedical performance. This literature review contains data on different types of materials for prosthetic devices. It outlines mechanical and biological factors favoring material selection, particularly epoxy, for improved physiological functions of the human body, along with economic considerations influencing orthopedic surgery.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"34 8","pages":"1261 - 1284"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145167271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influences of basalt fiber position and addition on the mechanical and viscoelastic behaviors of steel mesh/flax/basalt fiber metal laminates","authors":"Arunkumar Karuppasamy,&nbsp;Ramraji Kirubakaran,&nbsp;Venkatachalam Gopalan,&nbsp;Rajesh Munusamy,&nbsp;Karthik Krishnasamy","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01437-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-024-01437-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fiber metal laminates (FMLs) are structures created by strategically integrating fiber-reinforced composites between thin layers of metal sheets or wire mesh, resulting in enhanced structural strength and performance. This present study on FMLs of stacking layering arrangement (SLA) (woven stainless-steel wire mesh intertwined with woven flax/basalt fiber) is developed using the hand lay-up molding. The properties of the FMLs, including mechanical and dynamic mechanical analysis, are studied. The stacking layering arrangement of the FMLs includes basalt and flax layers. The mechanical strengths (tensile and flexural) of the FMLs are higher when the basalt layers are on the outside positions. The alternative layer of FML peculiarly skin basalt fiber is effective in holding stress due to its high-strength properties, which positively transmit stress to the other layers. A hybrid SLA intertwined composite made of maximum basalt fiber as well as basalt as a skin layer shows high viscoelastic properties such as storage and loss moduli. The BFBWBFB (13.174 GPa) intertwined composite shows the largest improvement in storage modulus value up 30.46% compared to F2BW2BF (10.098 GPa), and is improved by 7.709% compared to the twin basalt skin 2BFWF2B composite. An increase in the tan delta value is observed in the 3FW3F stacking design. This is due to the absence of stiffness and internal energy dissipation in most bio-natural fiber layers. After attaining the T_g level, the damping values decrease for all SLA polymer FMLs, due to the free motion of the polymer chains at higher temperatures.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"34 8","pages":"1167 - 1179"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145164561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovating PVC plasticization: performance and potential of a lauric acid ester-amide plasticizer","authors":"Rohit Alai,&nbsp;Siddhesh Mestry,&nbsp;Jyoti Darsan Mohanty,&nbsp;S. T. Mhaske","doi":"10.1007/s13726-024-01435-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13726-024-01435-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The need to replace phthalate plasticizers in PVC has arisen due to health concerns, with some, like DOP, suspected of being carcinogenic, though not definitively proven. This study explores the use of lauric acid to synthesize a novel plasticizer, BDL, through a two-step reaction involving Benzoyl chloride, Diethanolamine, and Lauric acid. The structure of BDL was confirmed through FTIR and ¹H NMR analyses. BDL effectively replaced DOP in PVC samples at concentrations ranging from 10 to 40 phr. The mechanical, X-ray diffraction, thermal, exudation, and colorimetric properties of the resulting PVC sheets were evaluated, demonstrating BDL’s good plasticizing performance and integration into PVC matrices. Notably, PVC containing 40 phr BDL (PVC BDL40) showed a 47.18% reduction in tensile strength, a 64% decrease in tensile modulus, and a ~ 49-fold increase in elongation-at-break. The glass transition temperature (T_g) decreased as BDL content increased, further enhancing flexibility. Despite BDL’s dark color potentially limiting its application, it successfully replaced DOP in certain PVC formulations, offering an environmentally friendly alternative. The BDL synthesis involved forming the benzoyl ester of diethanolamine, followed by reacting this ester with lauric acid without solvents or catalysts. While BDL exhibited higher viscosity due to intermolecular forces, its performance as a PVC plasticizer was remarkable, particularly in mechanical flexibility and stability in exudation tests. This research highlights BDL’s potential as a green plasticizer with significant impacts on PVC properties, despite the challenge of coloration.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":601,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Polymer Journal","volume":"34 8","pages":"1151 - 1165"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145164648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}