Florian Herdl, Natalie Galfe, Sebastian Klenk, Michael Dillig, Silke Boche, Michael Bachmann, Andreas Schels, Simon Edler, Florian Dams, Andreas Pahlke, Georg S. Duesberg
{"title":"Highly Efficient Planar Hot Electron Emitters Based on Ultrathin Pyrolyzed Polymer Films","authors":"Florian Herdl, Natalie Galfe, Sebastian Klenk, Michael Dillig, Silke Boche, Michael Bachmann, Andreas Schels, Simon Edler, Florian Dams, Andreas Pahlke, Georg S. Duesberg","doi":"10.1021/acsami.4c19809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.4c19809","url":null,"abstract":"Miniaturized integrated hot electron emitters are highly sought after for application in chemical analytics and field-applicable systems. Here, we present the use of ultrathin pyrolyzed polymer films (PPFs) as the gate electrode, enabling the fabrication of highly efficient planar hot electron emitters (PHEEs). The thickness of the PPF was observed to be roughly 1 nm across a full 4” wafer, approaching the monolayer limit. Conductivities of up to 3.5 × 10<sup>4</sup> S/m at pyrolysis temperatures of only 900 °C were measured, representing a 2-fold increase compared to bulk values. This renders an easily accessible 2D material with high electron transparency. Thus, the PHEE exhibits very high transfer ratios of up to 31% and proves to be stable at high pressures over an extended period of time. Furthermore, the straightforward integration route of the PPF presented here comprises only two steps: photolithography and subsequent pyrolysis. The fabricated devices exhibit high uniformity in performance, with a transfer ratio standard deviation of 2.9% across a single wafer. Ultimately, the devices were fabricated exclusively with silicon dioxide on silicon in combination with carbon, which represents a sustainable fabrication approach with inert materials. It has been demonstrated that the PHEE can also operate in both nitrogen and air, illustrating the utility of these emitters for gas ionization and sensing.","PeriodicalId":5,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144184089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biovegan Leather Sensor: A Mycelium Functionalized Material for Electrophysiological Signal Monitoring","authors":"Rui Zhang, Siyuan Cheng, Zaifeng Pan, Fenghui Yang, Yunqing Liu, Ruifa Su, Baoli Zha, Ruijie Xie, Bing Zheng, Jiansheng Wu, Fengwei Huo","doi":"10.1021/acsami.5c05377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5c05377","url":null,"abstract":"Electrode patches are becoming increasingly vital in the fields of wearable electronics and physiological health monitoring. However, the nondegradable nature and complex functionalization process of traditional dry electrodes limit their widespread use. In contrast, mycelium-based biovegan leather offers an ideal alternative for flexible electrodes, providing benefits such as biodegradability and ease of preparation. To overcome the mechanical performance and stability challenges inherent in pure mycelium, this study develops a mycelium–polypyrrole composite material (P-MCM) that demonstrates reliable mechanical and electrical properties, making it suitable for the daily monitoring of human electrophysiological signals. The P-MCM exhibits a tensile strength of 3 MPa, an elongation at break of 13%, a conductivity of 51.10 S/m, and an interface impedance of 52.6 kΩ/cm<sup>2</sup> for the electrode–skin system at 10 Hz. The low interface impedance of P-MCM electrodes allows for the stable acquisition of electrocardiogram, electromyogram, and electroencephalogram signals with performance on par with commercial electrodes. It is expected that this work will provide valuable insights and foundational materials for the advancement of flexible electrodes.","PeriodicalId":5,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144184068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yue Zhang, Luqi Niu, Kai Jin, Yi Huang, Yuwei Zhong, Ting Pan, Jinliang Liu, Xiaohui Zhu, Yihan Wu
{"title":"Engineered Bioluminescent Nano-Bacteria Biohybrids Powering Self-Driven Photodynamic and Photothermal Synergistic Cancer Treatment","authors":"Yue Zhang, Luqi Niu, Kai Jin, Yi Huang, Yuwei Zhong, Ting Pan, Jinliang Liu, Xiaohui Zhu, Yihan Wu","doi":"10.1021/acsami.5c01404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5c01404","url":null,"abstract":"Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically effective antitumor treatment offering spatiotemporal precision, minimal invasiveness, and low systemic toxicity. However, its application is limited by the shallow penetration of external light sources, particularly for deep-seated tumors. Moreover, PDT alone often fails to fully inhibit tumor growth, prompting its combination with other modalities such as photothermal therapy (PTT), which induces tumor cell death through localized heating. In this study, we developed a nano-bacteria biohybrid, EcN-QS-iLux@Pd@MC540, by biomineralizing the engineered probiotic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Nissle 1917 (EcN-QS-iLux) with palladium nanoparticles and loading it with the photosensitizer MC540. This biohybrid performs self-driven PDT without external light and effective PTT under 808 nm light excitation. In vivo studies using a 4T1 tumor mouse model demonstrated complete tumor inhibition through the synergistic action of PDT and PTT, with no significant systemic toxicity. This platform showcases the use of nano-bioluminescent bacteria to integrate self-driven PDT with synergistic PTT, providing a targeted and minimally invasive strategy for cancer therapy.","PeriodicalId":5,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144184105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wendi Wang, Syed Rashedul Islam, Xuan Wang, Ye Zhang, Yichen Yao, Chenglong Zhang, Guangwei Shao, Siyi Bi, Jinhua Jiang, Nanliang Chen, John D. W. Madden, Huiqi Shao
{"title":"Asymmetric Braided Artificial Muscles with Precise Electrothermal Actuation Control Enabled by Deep Learning","authors":"Wendi Wang, Syed Rashedul Islam, Xuan Wang, Ye Zhang, Yichen Yao, Chenglong Zhang, Guangwei Shao, Siyi Bi, Jinhua Jiang, Nanliang Chen, John D. W. Madden, Huiqi Shao","doi":"10.1021/acsami.5c05636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5c05636","url":null,"abstract":"Liquid crystal elastomers show promise for artificial muscles, but challenges remain in achieving excellent actuation performance and controllability under diverse operational conditions. This study presents a novel asymmetric braiding method using a Maypole braiding machine to integrate carbon nanotube yarns with liquid crystal elastomer fibers, producing an electrothermal fiber-shaped actuator. The actuator demonstrates exceptional performance in both air and water. In air, the actuator lifts 261 times its own weight (0.17 MPa) within 2.5 s, achieving a 45% contraction with a strain rate of 18%·s<sup>–1</sup>. Underwater, it reaches a 32% contraction within 3 s. To enhance controllability under diverse conditions, a long short-term memory (LSTM) model was proposed and applied, accurately predicting actuation strain with a coefficient of determination (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup>) of 0.994. Applications in a music robot and underwater claw highlight its potential for flexible robotics, validating its advantages in programmable control, rapid response, and adaptability across environments.","PeriodicalId":5,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144184062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Harit Keawmuang, Shiqi Hu, Trevon Badloe, Sunae So, Junsuk Rho
{"title":"Hybrid Frameworks Integrating Deep Learning and Optimization Methods for Inverse Design in Nanophotonics","authors":"Harit Keawmuang, Shiqi Hu, Trevon Badloe, Sunae So, Junsuk Rho","doi":"10.1021/acsami.5c03196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5c03196","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative tool in nanophotonics, revolutionizing the field of inverse design of nanoscale devices. This perspective delves into the advancing trend of AI-driven approaches in the field with a particular focus on hybrid frameworks. These hybrid models synergistically combine deep learning with classical optimization techniques, such as adjoint methods and evolutionary-based algorithms, effectively addressing the limitations of standalone approaches. By leveraging the computational efficiency and generalization capabilities of deep learning alongside the robustness of classical optimization, hybrid frameworks enable faster convergence, higher design efficiency, and the exploration of diverse, fabrication-feasible solutions. Additionally, methods such as a physics-informed neural network are also discussed for their significant role by embedding governing physical laws into the learning process to reduce data dependency and enhance interpretability. These advancements, demonstrated in applications such as metasurfaces and other nanophotonic devices, are driving scalable and practical innovations, paving the way for the next generation of nanophotonic technologies and advancements in functional material engineering.","PeriodicalId":5,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144177173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Yaseen Kuchey, Nadia Hassan, Adil Amin Wani, Sagar Munjal, Aamir Yaseen Bhat, Pravin P. Ingole, Musthafa Ottakam Thotiyl, Mohsin Ahmad Bhat
{"title":"Stacking-Free Three-Dimensional Graphene Electrode Architecture for Ultrahigh Interfacial Charge Storage","authors":"Mohammad Yaseen Kuchey, Nadia Hassan, Adil Amin Wani, Sagar Munjal, Aamir Yaseen Bhat, Pravin P. Ingole, Musthafa Ottakam Thotiyl, Mohsin Ahmad Bhat","doi":"10.1021/acsami.5c01297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5c01297","url":null,"abstract":"Supercapacitors are receiving considerable attention as energy storage devices for portable and wearable electronics. Their large-scale commercialization hinges on the design and development of cost-effective, stable electrode materials with high surface area and exceptional conductivity. This study reports the design and synthesis of an organic linker-based three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide (3D-rGO) as a potential electrode material for high-energy supercapacitors. Characterization shows that the crafted 3D-rGO is a robust microporous 3D network with a specific surface area as high as 930 m<sup>2</sup>/g. Electrochemical tests reveal that 3D-rGO possesses outstanding charge storage capabilities, achieving a specific capacitance of approximately 470 F/g at 10 A/g and an energy density of around 65.3 Wh/kg at a power density of 5000 W/kg. Additionally, it exhibits exceptional cyclic stability, retaining 120% of its capacitance after 5000 cycles. A prototype flexible symmetric device utilizing 3D-rGO as the electrode material and PVA-H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> as the gel electrolyte exhibits a specific capacitance of 44 F/g, an energy density of 12.05 Wh/kg (at 2 A/g), and an impressive 98.4% capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles at 5 A/g. These findings underscore the potential of 3D-rGO as a cost-effective and highly efficient electrode material for high-energy charge storage applications.","PeriodicalId":5,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144177261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiyuan Wu, Yiyi Li, Shaoshuai Miao, Yujun Qin, Yi Wang, Xi-Cheng Ai
{"title":"High-Stability Cesium Lead Iodide Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by Buried Interface Regulation","authors":"Jiyuan Wu, Yiyi Li, Shaoshuai Miao, Yujun Qin, Yi Wang, Xi-Cheng Ai","doi":"10.1021/acsami.5c02173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5c02173","url":null,"abstract":"Cesium lead iodide perovskite (CsPbI<sub>3</sub>) is a class of promising photovoltaic materials while prone to undergo spontaneous transformation from the photoactive black phase to the nonphotoactive yellow phase under ambient conditions, posing a significant challenge to the long–term applications. Herein, a buried interface regulation strategy is reported, where the crystalline seeds containing bromide ions are formed on the substrates through a treatment with cesium bromide prior to the growth of CsPbI<sub>3</sub>. This results in the initial construction of a thin CsPbI<sub>3–<i>x</i></sub>Br<sub><i>x</i></sub> perovskite layer with high lattice matching at the buried interface, which enables the subsequent growth of highly oriented CsPbI<sub>3</sub> perovskites that effectively enhances their phase stability. Furthermore, the modified substrate reveals greater wettability, leading to accelerated crystallization kinetics, reduced defect density, and favorable interfacial charge transfer. Consequently, the corresponding device exhibits simultaneous promotion in both photoelectric performance and operational stability.","PeriodicalId":5,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144177334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shirong Yan, Lei Chen, Wu-Jie Guo, Lu Qiao, Shihao Xu, Tongfei Qi, Hui-Qing Peng
{"title":"Divergent Donor-Excited Photoinduced Electron Transfer Effect: Unsuppressed Second Near-Infrared Fluorescence but Unexpected Role in Activatable Imaging-Guided Photothermal Therapy","authors":"Shirong Yan, Lei Chen, Wu-Jie Guo, Lu Qiao, Shihao Xu, Tongfei Qi, Hui-Qing Peng","doi":"10.1021/acsami.5c05129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5c05129","url":null,"abstract":"Activatable near-infrared (NIR)-II multimodal probes enable precise theranostics via microenvironment-responsive mechanisms, yet long-wavelength detection remains challenging. Herein, we report <b>CL-DNBS</b>, a donor-excited photoinduced electron transfer (d-PeT)-based NIR-II probe that can be activated by biothiols. Contrary to conventional d-PeT-based probes, the 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonyl of <b>CL-DNBS</b> enhances the fluorescence intensity instead of quenching. Theoretical studies reveal that the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy of the NIR-II chromophore impedes electron transfer to nitro-based acceptors. Frontier orbital analysis identified an energy-level crossover point for xanthene-derived d-PeT function, validated through designed model molecules. Notably, biothiol-triggered cleavage activates new behaviors: the product <b>CL–OH</b> boosts photothermal conversion efficiency (60.5%) by enhancing nonradiative decay and induces a red-shifted “off–on” photoacoustic response at 920 nm. <b>CL-DNBS</b> achieves real-time <i>in vivo</i> biothiol-activatable photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy, demonstrating the innovative exploitation of d-PeT mechanisms in long-wavelength probe design. Our findings provide theoretical insights and practical paradigms for developing activatable NIR-II theranostic platforms.","PeriodicalId":5,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144184106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mengxiao Shi, Rui Liu, Hong Fang, Ying Wu, Cheng Chen, Bin Kong, Qing Zhou
{"title":"Pagoda-Shaped Adhesive Microneedles Loaded with Ketorolac for Aortic Dissection Treatment","authors":"Mengxiao Shi, Rui Liu, Hong Fang, Ying Wu, Cheng Chen, Bin Kong, Qing Zhou","doi":"10.1021/acsami.5c02565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5c02565","url":null,"abstract":"Aortic dissection is a serious health risk and has led to interest in creating effective drug treatments like ketorolac. However, conventional administration techniques lack specificity, which limits their effectiveness and may result in adverse effects. A microneedle patch system (MNPS) offers a minimally invasive, pain-free alternative with a high capacity for drug delivery, but there is still a gap in the direction of treating aortic dissection. Here, we present a novel biodegradable MNPS with a pagoda-shaped structure designed for drug loading. These MNPS were fabricated using a stepwise mold replication method, with the medication embedded in the top layer of the MNPS. The double-layered pagoda structure enhances MNPS adhesion, enabling it to withstand the impact of aortic blood flow and enhancing drug targeting. In conclusion, our pagoda MNPS introduces a new approach for treating aortic dissection, providing hope for affected patients.","PeriodicalId":5,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144177336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hanzhong Xiao, Baicun Hao, Xinman Li, Wan Zheng, Yujia Wang, Yang Shi, Xin Huang
{"title":"Polyphenolic Chemistry-Enabled High-Performance Amphiphilic Size-Sieving Separation of Emulsions","authors":"Hanzhong Xiao, Baicun Hao, Xinman Li, Wan Zheng, Yujia Wang, Yang Shi, Xin Huang","doi":"10.1021/acsami.5c03079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5c03079","url":null,"abstract":"Spreading is a critical step for emulsion separation. However, the spreading of emulsions on porous size-sieving materials is constrained by their small size-sieving pores formed on rough surface that frequently evolved into lyophobic air-solid-liquid interface to repel emulsions, resulting in poor separation flux. Herein, we demonstrated for the first time that endowing size-sieving materials with amphiphilicity was a promising and universal alternative to manipulate the spreading kinetics of emulsions for accomplishing high-flux separation. A variety of porous materials with varied chemical composition and high porosity, including metal-organic frameworks (ZIF-67, ZIF-8 and HKUST-1), activated carbon and γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, were endowed with amphiphilicity by polyphenolic chemistry-derived noncovalent amphiphilic decoration of polyphenols-iron ions complexes. The endowed amphiphilicity prevented the formation of lyophobic interface on the rough surface of the porous materials, which boosted the emulsion spreading kinetics by up to 11.8-fold, and a significant enhancement (492.3%) on separation flux was achieved by the amphiphilic size-sieving strategy. Our findings exploited a novel strategy for the big family of size-sieving materials to accomplish high-flux separation performances.","PeriodicalId":5,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144183819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}