International Journal of Thermophysics最新文献

{"title":"Solid–Liquid Equilibrium Solubility Measurement and Thermodynamic Model Evaluation of Hexahydro-1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-Triazine (RDX) in Nitric Acid + Acetic Acid Binary Mixed Solvents","authors":"Lin-sheng Zhang,&nbsp;Guang-yuan Zhang,&nbsp;Yong Sun,&nbsp;Xiao Ma,&nbsp;Tao Fang,&nbsp;Guan-chao Lan,&nbsp;Jian-long Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10765-026-03789-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10765-026-03789-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The solubility of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) in nitric acid + acetic acid Binary mixed solvents was systematically determined using the gravimetric method over the temperature range from 283.15 K to 323.15 K at atmospheric pressure. The experimental results show that the solubility of RDX in mixed solvents increases with temperature. To enhance the applicability of the solubility data, the experimental results were correlated using four thermodynamic models: the modified Apelblat model, the van’t Hoff model, the CNIBS/R–K model, and the Jouyban-Acree model. The correlation performance of each model was evaluated using relative deviation, average relative deviation, root-mean-square deviation, and the squared correlation coefficient. The results demonstrate that all models exhibit satisfactory correlation accuracy in the selected solvent system, with the modified Apelblat model showing the best performance. This study provides important fundamental data for solvent selection and crystallization-process design of RDX.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":598,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermophysics","volume":"47 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148237292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermophysical Properties of Binary Mixtures of 1-Heptene with 2-Alkanols: Experimental Data and the ESD Modeling","authors":"Suleiman Ibrahim Mohammad,&nbsp;Asokan Vasudevan,&nbsp;Usamah Sayed,&nbsp;Mohammad Almasi,&nbsp;Aymen Bourezgui","doi":"10.1007/s10765-026-03787-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10765-026-03787-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the density and viscosity of binary liquid mixtures composed of 1-heptene and a series of 2-alkanols—from propanol to octanol—over the temperature range of 293.15 K to 323.15 K. Experimental determinations of excess molar volume reveal consistently positive values throughout the entire concentration domain, a signature interpreted as the volume expansion due to disruption of hydrogen-bonded alcohol networks. Notably, whereas thermal elevation amplifies these volumetric expansions, progressive elongation of the aliphatic tail produces an attenuating effect. The Elliott–Suresh–Donohue (ESD) equation of state, incorporating the asymmetric Master Equation (MEM2) for association, was employed to model the volumetric behavior of these mixtures. Pure-component parameters were determined from critical properties and acentric factors, while association parameters were assigned based on the alcohol chemical class. The van der Waals one-fluid mixing rules with a single temperature-independent binary interaction parameter (k₁₂) were applied. The ESD model correlates the density data with an overall average absolute relative deviation (AARD) of 1.05 % across all six systems, though a slight systematic underestimation (negative bias) is observed, which is attributed to the positive excess volumes not fully captured by the quadratic mixing rules. The maximum deviation for each system occurs at intermediate compositions and the highest temperature studied.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":598,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermophysics","volume":"47 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148236912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Frequency-Domain Soret Forced Rayleigh Scattering Instrument with Lock-in Detection for Measuring Soret and Mass Diffusion Coefficients in Binary Liquid Mixtures","authors":"Hiroaki Matsuura,&nbsp;Ryo Shirakashi","doi":"10.1007/s10765-026-03783-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10765-026-03783-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A frequency-domain Soret forced Rayleigh scattering (SFRS) instrument was developed by integrating a lock-in detection scheme with the holographic grating excitation technique of SFRS, or thermal diffusion forced Rayleigh scattering (TDFRS), to measure the Soret coefficient <i>S</i>_T and mass diffusion coefficient (Fick diffusion coefficient) <i>D</i>₁₁ in binary liquid mixtures. The performance of the developed system was validated using benchmark binary mixtures (<i>n</i>-dodecane, isobutylbenzene, and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene) at a temperature of <i>T</i> = 298.2 K, showing good agreement with the benchmark values. Based on an uncertainty evaluation in accordance with the Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM), the expanded uncertainties (coverage factor <i>k</i> = 2) were within 4.4% for <i>D</i>₁₁, 3.1% for <i>S</i>_T, and 5.3% for the thermodiffusion coefficient <i>D</i>_T. This approach enables mass transport measurements with a relatively simple optical setup and a heating laser power approximately two orders of magnitude lower than that typically used in conventional time-domain SFRS. By offering a distinct measurement principle with minimal thermal perturbation and inherent robustness against scattered light, this frequency-domain method is expected to be a promising tool for exploring complex systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":598,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermophysics","volume":"47 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10765-026-03783-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148236849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Measurement and Modeling of High-Pressure Liquid Densities of Isobutanol and 2-Butanol Up to 200 MPa","authors":"Jiahao Shi,&nbsp;Jianan Wang,&nbsp;Junyu Feng,&nbsp;Ke Zhang,&nbsp;Shengshan Bi","doi":"10.1007/s10765-026-03786-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10765-026-03786-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents an investigation into the liquid density of isobutanol and 2-butanol at selected temperatures from 303.15 K to 383.15 K and pressures up to 200 MPa using a variable-volume high-pressure system. The apparatus was validated with <i>n</i>-decane, and the measured densities agreed with literature values within 0.2 %. The expanded relative uncertainty of density was estimated to be 0.27 % with a coverage factor of <i>k</i> = 2. The experimental data were correlated with the Tammann–Tait equation, yielding average absolute deviations below 0.05 % for both butanol isomers. The isothermal compressibility and isobaric thermal expansivity were derived from the fitted correlations to characterize the pressure and temperature dependence of the volumetric properties. In addition, the pure-component parameters for the perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid theory (PC-SAFT) equation of state were optimized using the 2B association scheme. The optimized PC-SAFT model reproduced the measured densities with average absolute deviations lower than 0.2 %. The results expand the available high-pressure density database for these two butanol isomers and may be useful for thermodynamic modeling and engineering calculations within the investigated temperature and pressure ranges.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":598,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermophysics","volume":"47 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148173073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid Concentrated Photovoltaic Thermal (CPVT) Systems: Advancements and Integration of Thermoelectric and Photothermal Technologies for Enhanced Solar Energy Harvesting","authors":"Kehinde Temitope Alao,&nbsp;Kamaruzzaman Sopian,&nbsp;Syed Ihtsham Ul Haq Gilani,&nbsp;Taiwo Onaopemipo Alao,&nbsp;Hussein A. Kazem","doi":"10.1007/s10765-026-03781-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10765-026-03781-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The growing demand for sustainable energy solutions has increased interest in hybrid concentrated photovoltaic thermal (CPVT) systems that combine photovoltaic electricity generation with thermal energy recovery. This review critically examines the integration of thermoelectric and photothermal technologies in CPVT systems, with emphasis on energy conversion, thermal regulation, system design, and deployment feasibility. Key developments in cooling techniques, spectral splitting, nanofluids, phase change materials (PCMs), thermoelectric generators, and photothermal components are discussed. Unlike purely descriptive reviews, this study distinguishes experimentally validated findings from numerical predictions, theoretical projections, and techno-economic assumptions. The review shows that reported performance improvements depend strongly on concentrator type, concentration ratio, PV/TEG/TPV selection, direct normal irradiance conditions, cooling strategy, material stability, and end-use heat demand. Although significant progress has been made, challenges remain, including thermomechanical degradation under thermal cycling, high material costs, parasitic energy demand, system complexity, and limited long-term outdoor validation. Future research should prioritize cost-effective integration strategies, standardized testing protocols, complete energy and exergy accounting, durability assessment, and application-specific design. Hybrid CPVT systems offer a promising pathway for sustainable solar energy harvesting when electrical output, useful thermal recovery, reliability, and economic feasibility are optimized together.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":598,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermophysics","volume":"47 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148173074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal Comfort of Pilots in the Cockpit of an Airliner Under Unsteady Solar Radiation","authors":"Zheng Dai,&nbsp;Yixuan Xu,&nbsp;Xiaoting Wen,&nbsp;Qinghui Pan,&nbsp;Yong Shuai","doi":"10.1007/s10765-026-03785-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10765-026-03785-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Solar radiation transmitted through the aircraft windshield can create a strongly non-uniform cockpit thermal environment and can affect pilot thermal comfort. This study combines a three-dimensional CFD model, experimental air-temperature measurements, and the Fanger predicted mean vote (PMV) model to evaluate airflow, temperature, mean radiant temperature, and comfort response under transient radiative loading. The PMV index is used as a comparative engineering indicator, and its limitations in a reduced-pressure and non-uniform cockpit are discussed. During the simulated two-hour flight, the transmitted irradiance increases from 267 W/m² to 924 W/m². Direct exposure shifts the high-temperature zone over the pilot body with solar position. The maximum local surface temperature reaches about 30.9 °C, and the temperature difference between directly exposed and shaded upper-body regions reaches about 8.3 °C. At a 15 °C supply-air temperature, the baseline airflow distribution still causes local overcooling near the feet, with PMV decreasing to about −1.20. When the transmitted irradiance reaches 641 W/m², redirecting 30 % of the lower-inlet air supply to the main pilot’s left-side inlets, nominally about 0.0050 kg/s in total and implemented as about 0.0052 kg/s in the rounded CFD boundary inputs, reduces the average head temperature by about 2–3 °C and raises the foot-region PMV to about −0.4. At a transmitted irradiance of 861 W/m², an additional 10 % of the top-side inlet flow is needed in this simulated case, reducing the representative PMV near the head-and-shoulder region from 0.91 to 0.45. These results show that adaptive airflow redistribution can reduce radiative overheating while avoiding strong local overcooling in the cockpit.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":598,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermophysics","volume":"47 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148172611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transient Hot Strip On-a-Chip Method for the Measurement of Thermal Conductivity: Uncertainty Assessment","authors":"Ulf Hammerschmidt","doi":"10.1007/s10765-026-03775-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10765-026-03775-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The transient hot strip on-a-chip method to measure the thermal conductivity <i>λ</i> of fluids is based on the micro hot strip sensor with ultrasmall dimensions requiring very low sample volumes of less than 5 µL. The corresponding micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) chip has dimensions of 4.22 mm × 3.22 mm × 0.6 mm and only consists of a trench that is traversed by a micro-bridge carrying a nickel (hot) strip with dimensions of 2000 µm × 6 µm × 0.5 µm. In accordance with the transient hot wire (THW) method, the strip acts as Joule heater and resistance thermometer. A typical measurement run lasts only around 250 µs for a gas like, e.g., methane, and less than 100 ms for a liquid like, e.g., water. This implies that a run is terminated before free convection can set on and from then on perturb the test result. To control the µHS sensor, just a high-frequency (HF) function generator is required, a fast data acquisition and a laptop. The transient hot wire model can be applied due to the small width of the strip. Here, this model is used as a basic module of the parametrical identity (PI) model. The PI model compares a given set of observations with the underlying model, identifies the degree of mutual agreement, and, if necessary, furnishes two correction factors for an optimal adjustment of the model to the observations. In this way, all significant (bias) influences can be covered without having to be individually determined in advance, which facilitates the assessment of the measurement uncertainty. The result obtained here for the relative expanded uncertainty (coverage factor <span>(k = 2)</span>) of <i>λ</i> amounts to <span>({{Uleft( lambda right)} mathord{left/ {vphantom {{Uleft( lambda right)} lambda }} right. kern-0pt} lambda } = 1{text{ % }})</span> for liquids and <span>({{Uleft( lambda right)} mathord{left/ {vphantom {{Uleft( lambda right)} lambda }} right. kern-0pt} lambda } = 1.8{text{ % }})</span> for gases. These values are confirmed by experiments on the reference liquid toluene and on gaseous methane at 296 K and 0.1 MPa, for which the measurement data agree very well with corresponding reference values in literature.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":598,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermophysics","volume":"47 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148020979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-criteria Climate-Adaptive Retrofit for a Historic Building: Integrating Conservation Priorities with Carbon Performance","authors":"Hyeonseong Yuk,&nbsp;Sumin Kim","doi":"10.1007/s10765-026-03779-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10765-026-03779-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Historic buildings embody cultural continuity, yet they are facing mounting challenges under climate change because of poor thermophysical performance and strict preservation constraints. Those constructed before modern insulation standards experience high thermal transmittance (U-values), significant heat loss, air infiltration, and inefficient operation, with their architectural values limited by conventional retrofit measures. The projected climatic shifts, consisting of declining heating energy consumption and intensifying cooling energy consumption, require retrofitting strategies that balance thermophysical performance, energy efficiency, embodied carbon, and conservation priorities. This study investigates a protected early twentieth century heritage building, combining on-site monitoring, calibrated dynamic simulation, and representative concentration pathways (RCPs) to assess its long-term performance. Conservation priorities were quantified using an analytic hierarchy process (AHP), while environmental performance was assessed based on global warming potential (GWP), integrating 30-year operational carbon and cradle-to-gate embodied emissions. The high-performance insulation of walls and roofs achieved the largest reduction in heating demand, whereas glazing reinforcement most effectively reduced the thermophysical heat gain driving the rising cooling energy consumption. However, excessive embodied emissions from full-glazing replacements offset operational gains, underscoring the necessity to align conservation-compatible interventions with carbon performance. The limitations of single-dimensional retrofit approaches necessitate an integrative, multi-criteria framework that concurrently evaluates thermophysical characterization operational carbon, embodied emissions, and cultural heritage significance. This framework offers a more robust and sustainable basis for decision-making in heritage building retrofits within a rapidly evolving climatic and regulatory landscape. Moreover, its flexible structure enables adaptation to other historic typologies and climate zones, supporting broader applications in urban regeneration and climate-responsive heritage conservation policy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":598,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermophysics","volume":"47 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148020980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bernard Le Neindre (1936–2021). In Memoriam","authors":"Carlos A. Nieto de Castro","doi":"10.1007/s10765-026-03776-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10765-026-03776-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bernard Le Neindre was an important contributor to the thermophysics of fluids and materials. This short note acts as an obituary, including a brief biography and a summary of his scientific life and accomplishments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":598,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermophysics","volume":"47 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10765-026-03776-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148173307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic Viscosities of Some Sodium Sulfonamides in Water and Normal Saline Solution at Several Temperatures","authors":"Gerson A. Rodríguez,&nbsp;Fleming Martínez,&nbsp;Edgar F. Vargas","doi":"10.1007/s10765-026-03769-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10765-026-03769-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dynamic viscosities of aqueous dissolutions of sodium sulfadiazine (NaSD), sodium sulfamerazine (NaSMR), and sodium sulfamethazine (NaSMT) were determined as a function of drug concentration and temperature in water and normal saline solution (NaCl 0.9 % w/w). Results obtained allowed to determine the relative viscosities and the Falkenhagen (<i>A</i> coefficient) and Jones–Dole (<i>B</i> coefficient) coefficients for the three sodium sulfonamides in both solvent systems at the different temperatures. The viscous flow activation parameters, <span>(Delta^{ddag } mu_{2}^{{text{o}}})</span>, <span>(Delta^{ddag } H_{2}^{{text{o}}})</span>, and <span>(Delta^{ddag } S_{2}^{{text{o}}})</span> were determined in water and normal saline solution, and the transfer <i>B</i> coefficients were calculated for the three sodium sulfonamides as a function of temperature. Obtained results show that the viscosity of the three sodium sulfonamides in both solvent systems increases with drug concentration and with the molar mass of the solute (owing the presence of additional –CH₃ groups in the structure), which suggests strong solute–solvent interactions and also indicates that the solutes studied behave as formers of the structure of the solvent. Likewise, viscosity decreases with an increase in temperature indicating an increase in intermolecular distances as a consequence of thermal movement. The viscosity <i>A</i> and <i>B</i> coefficients indicate that the solute–solute interactions in solution are weak owing the low value of <i>A</i>, whereas the positive value for the <i>B</i> coefficient indicates strong ionic solvation (strong solute–solvent interactions) and also suggests that sodium sulfonamides in solution act as solvent structure formers due to hydrophobic hydration and steric hindrance owing the presence of rings in the molecules studied.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":598,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermophysics","volume":"47 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10765-026-03769-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148173306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}