International Journal of Steel Structures最新文献

{"title":"Redundant Induced Bracing Failures in Transmission Line Towers","authors":"N. Prasad Rao,&nbsp;R. Balagopal,&nbsp;R. P. Rokade,&nbsp;G. S. Palani","doi":"10.1007/s13296-024-00897-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13296-024-00897-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Transmission line towers designed based on the provisions of different standards may fail during mandatory testing for many reasons. Two different types of premature failures observed during full-scale testing at Tower Testing and Research Station, Structural Engineering Research Centre, Chennai (CSIR-SERC), are studied in this paper. These towers failed prematurely due to improper design assumptions secondary to the primary bracing connection. The failures are modelled using general-purpose finite element software. The test and analytical results are compared with various codal provisions. Hip bracing connected to primary bracing with a single bolt acts as a hinge and fails to provide adequate restraint. The assumption that hip bracing provides restraint to the primary bracing against the in-plane deformation is invalid, and it can only prevent the primary member’s displacement along the hip’s axis due to its axial stiffness. This study recommends a double bolt connection for redundant members.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":596,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Steel Structures","volume":"24 5","pages":"1154 - 1164"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142190648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability Assessment of a New Proposal for the Design of Solid Steel Plates at Elevated Temperature","authors":"Saurabh Shukla,&nbsp;Avik Samanta","doi":"10.1007/s13296-024-00890-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13296-024-00890-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Local buckling of steel plates is a major concern, as it dominates the plastic mechanism and reduces the ultimate strength of the steel plates depending upon their slenderness. At elevated temperatures, material nonlinearities result in a further reduction in the stability, stiffness, and strength of thin steel plates. Numerical simulations have been performed on stiffened and unstiffened steel plates at elevated temperatures under uniaxial compression load for different slenderness using commercially available FE software ABAQUS. The established finite element model, which depicts the local buckling behaviour and ultimate post-buckling strength of square and rectangular steel plates, has been the basis for a number of parametric investigations, all of which have been conducted using shell finite elements. The designed specification offered by North American Standards (ANSI/AISC 360-16) and European Standards (EN 1993-1-2), which employ a stress-based method to determine the ultimate post-buckling strength of steel plates for local buckling at elevated temperature, has also been compared with the obtained results. According to this investigation, EN 1993-1-2 produces results that are excessively conservative at higher temperatures. To overcome this, an attempt has been made by replacing the normal temperature parameter by a temperature-dependent non-dimensional slenderness ratio for predicting the ultimate strength of steel plates in fire exposure conditions. Further, this study provides some critical highlights on the behavior of steel plates of two different aspect ratios at elevated temperatures under compressive loads. The design formulations have also been proposed for estimating the ultimate strength of thin square and rectangular steel plates under compression. A good correlation has been observed in predicting the strength of the new design approach compared with existing experimental and computational results. The reliability and accuracy assessments of the proposed approach have been illustrated in brief.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":596,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Steel Structures","volume":"24 5","pages":"1113 - 1127"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142190649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monotonic Pushover analysis of Externally Reinforced Welded I-column to foundation Connection","authors":"Saraswati Setia,&nbsp;C. V. R. Murthy,&nbsp;V. K. Sehgal,&nbsp;Subhash Magapu","doi":"10.1007/s13296-024-00891-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13296-024-00891-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents an improved understanding of the stress distribution in the joint region of weak-axis connections in steel MRFs, and based on this understanding, connection configurations have been proposed for the column-to-foundation connections Columns in MRFs are subjected to lateral forces along their strong and weak axes. To ensure ductile response, analysis, and requisite provisions of column foundation connections along the strong axis have been dealt with in detail. In this study, preliminary inelastic finite element analyses are conducted to study the flow of forces near the weak axis column-to-foundation connection. Theoretical axial load <i>P</i> in the column that produces the worst <i>V-M (shear-moment)</i> loading is identified. Based on these loads a cover plated and ribbed configuration is proposed for the weak- axis column-base (WACB) connection. Nonlinear finite element analyses are performed under monotonic, and FEMA recommended multi-cycle loadings using ABAQUS software to evaluate the performance of the proposed connection configurations and the associated design procedures. The performance of the new weak-axis connections (WACs) is compared with that of the existing connections in terms of von Mises stress, shear stress, normal stress, load deformation response, energy dissipated, and cumulative plastic strain excursion. It was observed that WACB connections in steel MRFs need to be reinforced to keep the stress in CJP welds connecting the column to the base plate below the yield stress even at the lateral drift levels much lower than those expected of about 4–6% lateral drifts. The proposed configuration results in increased moment of inertia of the column about the weak axis and hence enhances the seismic response.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":596,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Steel Structures","volume":"24 5","pages":"1128 - 1141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142190650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Parametric Study on the Flexural Capacity of Cold-Formed Steel Stacked Built-up Sections","authors":"Hooman Rezaeian,&nbsp;Rhonita Andarini,&nbsp;Marina Bock,&nbsp;Mohammad Yekrangnia","doi":"10.1007/s13296-024-00895-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13296-024-00895-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents an exploratory parametric study on the flexural capacity of an innovative cold-formed steel (CFS) stacked built-up beam section. The built-up section consists of lipped channel sections mounting vertically and screwed together through their lips and webs. Using the Direct Strength Method (DSM), a parametric study of this section is presented. The accuracy of this method is proven by comparing the results of the experiments with the modelling. Different configurations are studied, including sections compromising two, three, four and five channel sections, with thicknesses ranging from 1 to 3 mm. Four different steel grades are considered. The open flange of the built-up sections is covered by a CFS steel sheet cap to make a closed box beam. The effect of different thicknesses of the cap on the flexural capacity is also studied. The impact of the section configuration and thickness is understood to be more pronounced on the flexural capacity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":596,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Steel Structures","volume":"24 5","pages":"1142 - 1153"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142190651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capacity Fragility of Screw Connections installed in Cold-Formed Steel Partition Walls","authors":"Hyung-Joon Kim,&nbsp;Dong-Hyeon Shin","doi":"10.1007/s13296-024-00892-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13296-024-00892-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The cold-formed steel partition walls (CFSPWs) consisting of steel framing and gypsum boards are usually damaged at shake intensities much lower than those required to initiate structural damages. In order to reduce earthquake-induced-loss on buildings, a better understanding of the seismic performance of CFSPWs is still required. The main purpose of this study is to quantitatively evaluate the capacity fragility of screw connections installed in cold-formed steel partition walls and to find out the effects of construction details on the seismic performance of CFSPWs. Based on the component tests for screw connections, physical responses and damage mechanisms of screw connections consisting of CFSPWs are investigated including the effects of screw spacing, edge distance, and layers of gypsum boards. A series of nonlinear analysis model is proposed to properly capture hysteretic behaviors of screw connection installed in CFSPWs and calibrated using component test results. The analytical data are then utilized to develop capacity fragility curves for CFSPWs in terms of drift as the representative engineering demand parameter.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":596,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Steel Structures","volume":"24 6","pages":"1380 - 1394"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142190652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on Effective Length Factors of the Members in a Sustainable Assembled Steel Grid Shear Wall","authors":"Xiangyu Yan,&nbsp;Jiayi Guo,&nbsp;Zhihua Chen,&nbsp;Zhenyu Li,&nbsp;Mofan Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s13296-024-00886-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13296-024-00886-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent years, prefabricated construction has emerged as a building form that addresses the issues including large amounts of construction waste, low resource utilization efficiency, and severe environmental pollution, which were caused by the traditional rough construction methods in the construction industry. It features efficient construction, high resource and energy utilization efficiency, and environmental friendliness, thus effectively promoting sustainable development of the construction industry. Steel grid shear walls (SGSW) are an efficient lateral force-resisting system that solves the problems of suboptimal housing quality and low level of component standardization and assembly when used in prefabricated residential construction. They offer advantages such as lightweight and standardized components, convenient fabrication and installation, high level of assembly, and easy post-earthquake repair, contributing to sustainable assembled structure forms. However, the stability of its grid components has not been deeply investigated and needs to be addressed. This study aimed to determine the effective length factor for steel grid members in SGSW. Firstly, an eigenvalue buckling analysis of the SGSW was conducted. The effective length factor of the steel grid member was calculated using Euler’s formula. The key variables were determined with the use of parametric analysis, based on which two computational formulas for the effective length factor of the steel grid member were established through fitting methods. To validate the calculation formulas, the stabilized bearing capacity of the steel grid member was estimated using nonlinear buckling analysis and compared with the exact solution. The results demonstrate that the fitted effective length factors performed better in terms of goodness of fit while the proposed effective length factor formulas can meet the safety requirements. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the design of the SGSW structure in the future, and establish a theoretical foundation for the development and application of SGSW in prefabricated constructions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":596,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Steel Structures","volume":"24 5","pages":"1101 - 1112"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142190655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bolt Force Monitoring Method Used in Maglev Structure Maintenance Based on Radial Strain on the Surface of Bolt Head","authors":"Feng Ye,&nbsp;Yiming Xue,&nbsp;Yihong Yuan,&nbsp;Dongsheng Cao,&nbsp;Guofeng Zeng","doi":"10.1007/s13296-024-00877-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13296-024-00877-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The high-strength bolts are used to connect the steel columns and steel rail beams at the maglev maintenance base. The intense vibration due to active control of the maglev train may lead to the loosening of these bolts. Monitoring bolt axial force without damaging or removing is a significant method for bolt loosening judgment and vehicle-rail coupling research. In this paper, the radial-strain-based bolt sensor is produced by affixing the strain gauges on the bolt head surface. The performance is explored through finite element analysis and laboratory experiments. The results indicate a strong linear relationship between radial strain and axial force. In addition, arranging the strain gauges at 90-degree intervals on a circular ring on the bolt head can effectively reduce the influence of lateral forces and bending moments. Furthermore, this method is put into practice on the maglev experimental line of Tongji University. The results show that this method can effectively capture the variations of bolt force, thus ensuring the safety of the structure. This study fills the gap of bolt monitoring in the field of maglev infrastructure maintenance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":596,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Steel Structures","volume":"24 6","pages":"1347 - 1356"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142190653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Graphene Oxide and Urea on Friendly Citric-Treated Stainless Steel for Surface Protection","authors":"Esraa Elkersh,&nbsp;Hanaa Soliman,&nbsp;Seham Shahin,&nbsp;Amira Khaled,&nbsp;Ibrahim Ghayad,&nbsp;Amal Ahmed","doi":"10.1007/s13296-024-00879-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13296-024-00879-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Green technology induced variety approaches to improve the environmentally citric passivation process for steel by embedding additives. This work examined the impact of inorganic ceramic graphene oxide (GO) compared to organic Urea on steel passivation as a new insight. Both of them Urea and GO inhibited the corrosion current (i_<i>corr</i>), effectively isolated steel from a corrosive environment. Actually, the hybrid film (mix of organic citric and inorganic GO) provided a protective barrier due to the dominant role of the carboxylic groups in corrosive ions inhibition. Amino groups in Urea can form a stable complex that decays by Cl ions to yield a less protected surface. In conclusion, the development of sustainable coatings for steel is the future work to maximize its corrosion resistance.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":596,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Steel Structures","volume":"24 5","pages":"1031 - 1037"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142190654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Analysis of Sectional Defective Steel Tube Repaired Using Multilayered CFRP Bonding Subjected to Axial Force or Bending","authors":"Morimune Mizutani,&nbsp;Toshiyuki Ishikawa","doi":"10.1007/s13296-024-00880-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13296-024-00880-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) bonding is a simple repair method for corroded steel tube members. In this study, stress analysis was performed on a sectional defective steel tube repaired using multilayered CFRP bonding. A simple model with full circumferential grooves was used as the sectional defect in the steel tube. In the proposed method, a continuous condition in which the shear displacement of the adhesive is equal at the boundary between the intact and defective sections was applied to the shear lag theory of the CFRP-bonded steel tube. In addition, a numerical analysis method using eigenvalues was applied to a sectional defective steel tube repaired using multilayered CFRP bonding. In this study, CFRP-bonded steel tubes were analyzed under axial and pure bending conditions. The numerical results of steel tube and CFRP were in agreement with the results of the finite element analysis in all cases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":596,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Steel Structures","volume":"24 6","pages":"1357 - 1367"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141925749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Average Compressive Stress–Strain Curves of Steel Plates for Bridges Under Axial Longitudinal Compression","authors":"Lunhua Bai,&nbsp;Ruili Shen,&nbsp;Quansheng Yan,&nbsp;Lu Wang,&nbsp;Rusong Miao,&nbsp;Buyu Jia","doi":"10.1007/s13296-024-00884-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13296-024-00884-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Steel plates for welded steel bridge members typically supported on three or four edges. Average compressive stress–strain curves and ultimate strength are vital for assessing the stability of these plates. These metrics also form the foundation for developing beam-column models that account for local buckling. However, collecting this data presents significant challenges. This study comprehensively discusses the factors influencing the determination of average compressive stress–strain curves and ultimate strength for bridge steel plates under uniaxial longitudinal compression. Factors such as element type, mesh size, boundary conditions, solution method, the effect of plate thickness, and aspect ratio are discussed, leading to establish rigorous shell or solid finite element models. This investigation aids in standardizing steel plate analysis. Representative panels of bridge steel plates are investigated to establish the database of compressive stress–strain curves using the developed shell finite element model. A new formula is presented to predict the ultimate strength of these plates. This database supports the creation of a beam-column theoretical model incorporating local buckling to analyze bridge steel members with high efficiency.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":596,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Steel Structures","volume":"24 5","pages":"1083 - 1100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141926597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}