Stochastic Seismic Responses of High-Speed Train–Bridge Systems with Ground Motion Correlation

Abstract

The increasing reliance on bridges in high-speed railway systems and the growing risk of earthquakes necessitate advanced seismic analyses of train–bridge interactions. This study addresses the dynamic behavior of a high-speed train and long-span cable-stayed bridge system under seismic ground motions, with a focus on the correlation effects among ground motion components in diverse directions. The analysis incorporates track irregularities, rigid wheel–rail contact, and a coupled equation of motion solved using the time integration method. Results reveal that correlated ground motions significantly influence the system’s stochastic responses, including estimated maximum accelerations of bridge spans and towers, wheel–rail contact forces, and offload factors. These findings underscore the importance of accounting for correlation effects in seismic assessments to ensure the safety and reliability of high-speed train operations on bridges during earthquakes.