International Journal of Steel Structures最新文献

{"title":"M–K Ductile Damage Theory Predicts Formability of Stainless Steel Ultra-Thin Strips in Stamping","authors":"Tao Fan,&nbsp;Cuirong Liu,&nbsp;Yake Wang,&nbsp;Siyuan Liu,&nbsp;Yan Li","doi":"10.1007/s13296-024-00841-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13296-024-00841-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To address the difficulty in forming ultra-thin stainless steel strips, this study focuses on 304 stainless steel ultra-thin strips. By conducting tension and forming limit experiments, the basic mechanical properties and FLC (Forming Limit Curve) of the material are determined, and its formability is systematically investigated. Additionally, to improve testing efficiency and reduce resource consumption, this paper predicts the FLC forming curve of the ultra-thin strip based on the M–K ductile damage model, which is then validated against experimental results, establishing a reliable FLC prediction model. Moreover, to relate it to practical industrial production applications, this study simulates the stamping process of box-shaped components made from the ultra-thin strip based on the theoretical model, exploring the influencing factors of stamping processes on the formability of the ultra-thin strip. The research findings indicate that among the hard, semi-hard, and soft stainless steel ultra-thin strips, the soft one exhibits the best formability, and the 0.05 mm thickness is less formable compared to the 0.1 mm strip. The simulation results demonstrate that the M–K ductile damage theory can reasonably predict the formability of the ultra-thin strip. Furthermore, optimizing the chamfer size in the stamping process, reducing the friction coefficient between the die and the ultra-thin strip, and lowering the stamping speed effectively improve the formability of the ultra-thin strip.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":596,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Steel Structures","volume":"24 3","pages":"607 - 618"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140885295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the Axial Compressive Behavior of Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Column Reinforced with Annular Stiffener","authors":"Ke-Rong Luo,&nbsp;Liang Yu,&nbsp;Gan-Ping Shu,&nbsp;Bu-Hui Li,&nbsp;Zhong-Hua Liu","doi":"10.1007/s13296-024-00837-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13296-024-00837-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents experimental and theoretical studies on the axial compressive behavior of an innovative type of concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) composite column reinforced with annular stiffener. The annular stiffener is constructed by curved steel plate and circumferential plate is acting as the interface connector. It is expected to improve the axial compressive performance of conventional columns through the double confined effect of outer steel tube and inner annular stiffener on the core concrete. In order to study the axial compressive behavior of the steel-reinforced concrete-filled steel tubular (SRCFST) column and the influence of related design parameters inclusive of the presence of annular stiffener, space of circumferential plate, slenderness ratio on the axial compressive performance, experimental study was carried out on two CFST columns and six SRCFST columns. The failure mode, load–displacement response and load-strain curves were comprehensively analyzed. The results show that the innovative SRCFST columns have higher load-carrying capacity, stiffness compared with the conventional columns. The internal annular stiffener could effictively participate in the overall loading process and improve the failure mode of the specimen. Theoretical model of the confined mechanism for the coloumn is developed and the calculation formula was proposed to provide a reference basis for the application of this type of composite coloumn in practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":596,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Steel Structures","volume":"24 6","pages":"1265 - 1277"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140885237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Optimally Designed Cold-Formed Steel Beam Thickness Selection for Reducing Web-Crippling Smartly","authors":"Koppala Siva,&nbsp;J. Visuvasam","doi":"10.1007/s13296-024-00833-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13296-024-00833-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Web-crippling was a usual failure in cold-formed steel due to the thin gauge steel. The high rate of web-crippling is the result of this beam failure. Past studies have discussed the web crippling range based on different beam thicknesses. However, the optimization of web crippling is not studied. Considering this, the reduction of web crippling rate is studied in this research work with the use of vulture optimal features. Henceforth, the current study proposed a novel intelligent vulture decision model (IVDM) to determine the proper Z-section beam thickness, which has reduced the web-crippling rate. The Strength of the cold-formed steel Z-section beam was ascertained by examining the beam’s Strength under three distinct loading scenarios: point load, uniformly distributed load, and eccentric load. Additionally, the Z-section beam is designed on the ABAQUS platform, while the designed model is run in the MATLAB environment. Performing the various execution trails allowed for predicting the appropriate beam thickness range. As a result, the optimal beam thickness value for the Z-section beam is designed using the ABAQUS software. Ultimately, all other outcome parameters have shown that the suggested model has higher Strength and less Web-crippling compared to other models already in use. Here, the proposed IVDM has improved the web crippling rate by 4% than the compared existing approaches. It has been verified that the introduced model is highly suitable for web-crippling applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":596,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Steel Structures","volume":"24 3","pages":"515 - 528"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140885238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Analysis of RC Frame Reinforced by Steel-Plate Concrete Module System","authors":"Hyun-Wook Lim,&nbsp;Daehee Jang,&nbsp;Kangmin Lee","doi":"10.1007/s13296-024-00839-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13296-024-00839-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, numerical analysis of the “SC module reinforcement system” was conducted to provide basic design resources for utilizing the SC structure as a seismic reinforcement method for existing general RC buildings. Therefore, the SC in-plane shear strength was obtained through the existing design equation and theoretical equation. After that, a valid analytical model was developed through comparison with the experimental results of previous studies, and the effects of the thickness and width of steel plates and concrete, and reinforcement side ratios were shown through variable analysis. As a result, steel plates are more effective than concrete, and width reinforcement is more effective than thickness reinforcement for in-plane shear strength. In addition, when the analytical results were compared with the theoretical values, a large difference occurred as in previous studies, which is believed to be because the existing equations did not consider the decrease in strength due to buckling of the steel plate and used a cross-sectional area that did not consider the reinforcement direction at all. Therefore, further experimental and analytical studies that consider the effects of buckling and the width and thickness of the reinforcement are needed to improve the design equation by introducing longitudinal coefficients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":596,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Steel Structures","volume":"24 6","pages":"1278 - 1288"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140840248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yield Resistance and Ultimate Resistance of Steel Beam with Random Corrosion Damage","authors":"Jing-Zhou Zhang,&nbsp;Ying-Hua He,&nbsp;Wen-Jin Zhang,&nbsp;Ping Zhang,&nbsp;Yuan-Zuo Wang,&nbsp;Guo-Qiang Li","doi":"10.1007/s13296-024-00838-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13296-024-00838-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents a numerical study on the yield resistance and ultimate resistance of steel beam with random corrosion damage. The corrosion is considered by introducing random cylindrical pits to the intact steel beam, in which the thickness of the beam, both at the section and along the length of the beam is reduced. Altogether 240 corroded beams are numerically studied, wherein the effects of corrosion ratio, corrosion diameter, corrosion depth and corrosion location on the yield resistance and ultimate resistance of steel beam are considered. It is found that for global corrosion scenario, when the corrosion ratio is 4.76%, 9.26%, 13.37%, 18.25%, 22.36%, and 25.76%, due to the random nature of corrosion, the reduction factors of ultimate resistance of steel beam range from 0.9–0.92, 0.81–0.86, 0.77–0.8, 0.71–0.76, 0.64–0.67, and 0.58–0.64, respectively. Moreover, when corrosion distributes only at the bottom flange or top flange of steel beam, the adverse effects of bottom flange corrosion and top flange corrosion on the resistance of steel beam are the same. The corrosion diameter and corrosion depth have limited effects on the resistance of steel beam. The relationship between the reduction factors for the yield resistance and ultimate resistance with the corrosion ratio of the beam is proposed. It is found that for the global corrosion case, the reduction factors of the yield resistance and ultimate resistance of the beam are linearly and negatively correlated with the corrosion ratio. For each 10% increase in the corrosion ratio, the reduction factor of yield resistance and ultimate resistance decrease by 18.9% and 15.1%, respectively. The resistances of the corroded beam with random corrosion pits and uniform corrosion are also compared. The results suggest that by using uniform corrosion model, the resistance of the corroded steel beam will be significantly overestimated. When the corrosion ratio is about 14%, the overestimation on the ultimate resistance of steel beam by using uniform corrosion model is more than 10%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":596,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Steel Structures","volume":"24 3","pages":"579 - 590"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140808733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Study on the Static Strain Aging of Q345 Steel Using Complementary In-Situ Non-destructive Testing Techniques","authors":"Wei Zhou,&nbsp;Dong-qi Li,&nbsp;Yi-fan Su,&nbsp;Yi-fei Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s13296-024-00840-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13296-024-00840-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The detection of the static strain aging extent of steel structures holds paramount significance in the safety assessment system. Tensile tests were performed on Q345 steel specimens subjected to static strain aging treatment, while simultaneously employing complementary in-situ detection techniques: acoustic emission, infrared thermography, and digital image correlation for real-time monitoring. The physical effect mechanism is initially confirmed through an analysis of the mechanical response of strain aging Q345 steel. The acoustic emission signals from the cluster 3 exhibiting high frequency and low amplitude are linked to the microplastic yield phenomenon. These signals, detected through acoustic emission technology, are considered representative of the dislocation activity in Q345 steel after strain aging. Illustrating via specimen S16-150, it is evident that as strain aging advances, there is a notable decrease of 63.02% in information entropy, 22.4% in partial power, and 55.04% in the wavelet coefficient of typical acoustic emission signals. Subsequently, digital image correlation was utilized to examine the local strain variation associated with microplastic deformation, and it was observed that Lüders bands did not form in specimens S12-150 and S16-150 due to strain aging. Finally, infrared technology was employed to monitor the instantaneous temperature of strain aging Q345 steel, facilitating the examination of its thermal energy conversion efficiency. Specimen S16-200 exhibited a fracture instantaneous temperature that was 21% higher compared to specimen S0-25. These findings establish a solid foundation for the integrity assessment of steel structures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":596,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Steel Structures","volume":"24 3","pages":"591 - 606"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140656505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elastic Post-Buckling Analysis of Single-Layer Domes with Circular Plated Connections","authors":"Sajith Purushothaman,&nbsp;Raghavan Ramalingam","doi":"10.1007/s13296-024-00835-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13296-024-00835-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Single layered domes are susceptible to large deflections and their post-buckling behavior is influenced by the connection system used. Numerous investigations have been carried out on the stiffness characteristics and of hollow spherical joints and their effect on the post-buckling behaviour of domes. However, research on the behavior of circular plated joints and their effect on the dome post-buckling are limited. Factors such as the combination of forces transferred to the joint, thickness of the circular joint plates and location of the joint in the dome have been found to influence the behaviour of the joint and the deformation of the connections reduce the limit point of the dome. Therefore, this study highlights the influence of the deformability of the circular plated joints on the elastic post-buckling behaviour of single layer domes. The deformation of the circular plated joints are investigated by geometric nonlinear finite element analysis in ABAQUS. It is found that the deformations increase with increase in ratio of minor to major force and the variation in stiffness of the plates along these directions are greater for thicker plates. Provision of shear connector i.e., a plate element between the webs of members along the direction of principal tension is effective in limiting the connection deformations. The deformability of the joints under various loading conditions are presented based on the results of the numerical investigations. The effect of the circular plate deformations on the stability of the dome are analysed using the corotated-Updated Lagrangian formulation where, the stiffnesses of the circular plates obtained from the ABAQUS analysis are included as linear springs in series with the members of the dome. Reduction in the limit point of the domes is observed, particularly with thinner circular plates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":596,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Steel Structures","volume":"24 3","pages":"550 - 564"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140658603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vehicular Impact Performance Evaluation Method for CFST Columns Based on Residual Deformation","authors":"Bo Hu,&nbsp;Hai-Bo Wang","doi":"10.1007/s13296-024-00834-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13296-024-00834-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accidents of vehicles hitting columns have happened frequently in recent years. Hence, it becomes important to evaluate the performance of columns under vehicle impact. This paper presents a residual deformation-based method for the vehicular impact performance evaluation of concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns. Before that, a finite-element (FE) model was developed to simulate the responses of CFST columns under vehicle impact and post-impact axial compression and validated by reported tests. Based on the FE model, five performance levels of CFST columns under vehicle impact were divided according to numerical damage states and corresponding residual axial capacity ratios. In the presented performance evaluation method, a residual deformation, i.e., the ratio of the residual deflection at the mid-height to the corresponding height, which is related to the residual axial capacity ratio, was selected as the evaluation index. For the residual axial capacity ratio of 0.85–1.00, 0.60–0.85, 0.40–0.60, 0.20–0.40, and 0–0.20, the residual deformation ranges 0–1.5 × 10^–2, 1.5 × 10^–2–7.5 × 10^–2, 7.5 × 10^–2–1.4 × 10^–1, 1.4 × 10^–1–2.5 × 10^–1, and &gt; 2.5 × 10^–1, respectively. In addition, an analytical model for the residual deformation was proposed. Comparisons show that analytical performance levels by the presented method are completely consistent with numerical results. Due to being residual deformation-based, the presented method can be used for both the performance prediction of CFST columns before vehicle impact and the performance assessment of CFST columns after vehicle impact.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":596,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Steel Structures","volume":"24 3","pages":"529 - 549"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140659958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen Embrittlement of Austenitic Stainless Steels with Different Surface Treatments","authors":"Mitsuhiro Okayasu,&nbsp;Hao Wen,&nbsp;Ryutaro Kondo","doi":"10.1007/s13296-024-00829-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13296-024-00829-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study evaluated the effect of surface conditions on the hydrogen embrittlement (HE) characteristics of SUS304 austenitic stainless steel, as SUS304 is one of the candidate structural materials for hydrogen energy systems. Various machining processes, including milling (ML), shot peening (SP), and cold rolling (CR), were employed to modify the surface roughness, internal strain, and microstructural characteristics of the test sample. Namely, this approach was conducted as the surface-absorbed hydrogen is related to effective hydrogen: a high internal strain was obtained in the entire CR area along with a rough surface, while SP and ML samples displayed high strain levels near the surface. The strain value was reflected in the hardness level due to their work hardening and strain-induced martensite formation. Concerning this, the hardness values of CR and SP samples were higher than 6 and 2 times the as-received samples. The hydrogen content charged to the samples was contingent upon the strain level: higher strain corresponded to elevated hydrogen content, particularly in CR samples. Despite the notable high hydrogen content in CR samples, HE was not detected in the tensile test. Conversely, even with a low hydrogen content, severe HE was observed in all samples during the fatigue test. The susceptibility of stainless steel to HE proved sensitive to cyclic loading, wherein surface-absorbed hydrogen migrated to the crack tip during cyclic loading. Detailed discussions on the reasons for these observations are provided based on the experimental results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":596,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Steel Structures","volume":"24 3","pages":"477 - 487"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140635109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imperfect Tapered Plate Girder Web Under Shear","authors":"Omar A. Sediek,&nbsp;Sherif S. Safar,&nbsp;Maha M. Hassan","doi":"10.1007/s13296-024-00826-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13296-024-00826-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Steel plate girders substitute conventional hot rolled I-shaped beams in case of high applied loads where it becomes uneconomic to use hot rolled beams. It is more economic to employ tapered sections following shape of bending moment distribution throughout the plate girder. Most of the bridges are designed as simple spans as it is cost-effective which results in pure shear stresses in the tapered end web panels. However, specific design guidelines for tapered plate girders under shear are not available. Initial geometrical imperfections (IGIs) are usually random and depend mainly on the fabrication, shipping and construction processes. As the amplitude of initial imperfection increases, through-thickness bending stresses are enlarged, resulting in a reduction in the ultimate shear strength of the plate girder. As such, this study aims at the investigation of the ultimate shear strength of tapered imperfect end web panels in steel plate girders. The effect of initial geometric imperfections (IGIs) on the ultimate and post-buckling shear strengths of these plate girders is studied using a validated numerical model. Around two hundred finite element models representing plate girders are constructed and analyzed to cover a wide range of geometric parameters including: aspect ratio of end web panel, depth–to-thickness ratio of end web plate, inertia of intermediate stiffeners, and angle of tapering. Moreover, effect of imperfection is considered. Results are used to conclude design guidelines for evaluating the ultimate shear strength of tapered imperfect end web panels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":596,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Steel Structures","volume":"24 3","pages":"431 - 445"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140610174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}