International Journal of Material Forming最新文献

{"title":"Roll bending forming curvature radius prediction based on the CNN-TCN-TPA neural network model","authors":"Guoyan Huang,&nbsp;Yafeng Zhang,&nbsp;Tong Wu,&nbsp;Peng Shi,&nbsp;Menghang Wan","doi":"10.1007/s12289-025-01899-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12289-025-01899-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the dynamic forming process of profile during roll bending, the downward pressure parameters at different times exert a nonlinear coupled effect on the final curvature radius, making it difficult to predict the ultimate curvature radius accurately. This has become a challenging issue in the field of industrial precision forming. To address this problem, a CNN-TCN-TPA neural network model is proposed to model the complex coupled relationships during the dynamic roll bending forming process. Firstly, a multi-scale CNN is employed to extract the implicit features of roll bending at different time scales, enabling the model to understand the inherent patterns of roll bending data comprehensively. Subsequently, TCN is utilized to learn the influence relationships before and after roll bending forming. Finally, a temporal attention mechanism is adopted to learn the impact of different historical moments on the final outcome, thereby establishing the CNN-TCN-TPA roll bending forming curvature radius prediction model and achieving accurate prediction of the roll bending forming curvature radius. The prediction performance of the CNN-TCN-TPA model is compared with traditional neural network models, TCN models, and TCN-TPA models. The results indicate that the CNN-TCN-TPA model exhibits higher prediction performance compared to other neural network models, with mean square error and mean absolute error of 5971.65 and 24.42, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":591,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Material Forming","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailored material flow in pin-extrusion of sheet metal under varying material and geometric conditions for enhanced joining technology applications","authors":"David Römisch,&nbsp;Martin Kraus,&nbsp;Marion Merklein","doi":"10.1007/s12289-025-01897-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12289-025-01897-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pin structures extruded from the sheet metal plane have numerous industrial applications. For instance, they can be used in bulk microforming to solve handling difficulties or in joining technology to connect dissimilar materials to overcome challenges of different chemical, thermal and mechanical properties of materials. Due to the absence of material flow restrictions in the direction of the sheet metal plane, pin extrusion is affected by numerous process-, workpiece- and tool-related parameters, which have a huge impact on the material utilization and the obtainable pin geometry. Within the scope of this study, a combined numerical-experimental research approach is used to analyze the influence of the material and its condition on the achievable pin height and the occurrence of the mostly undesired funnel formation at high punch penetration depths. For this purpose, elastic-ideal plastic and elastic-real hardening model materials are first investigated numerically, which are subsequently validated and verified in experiments by using the materials Cu-OFE and DC04 on a laboratory scale. Based on the results, recommendations for the material selection and its properties are derived in order to maximize the material utilization. In addition, a pin joining process with locally modified extrusion conditions to increase the load-bearing capacity, especially under axial load, is being investigated with DP600 and AA 6014-T4. This process is a new type of two-stage mechanical joining process without an auxiliary joining element in which pin structures extruded from the sheet metal plane are used to join dissimilar materials in a subsequent step. In this work, test specimens are locally pre-punched before pin extrusion to create an enhanced pin geometry in order to achieve an improved undercut in the subsequent joining process. As a result, a new type of pin geometry was realized and investigated, which shows a significant increase of up to 82% in load-bearing capacity under axial load compared to the existing reference pin geometry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":591,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Material Forming","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12289-025-01897-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ESAFORM benchmark 2023: interlaboratory comparison benchmark for the characterization of microstructural grain growth and dynamic recrystallization kinetics of a single-phase Ni-base superalloy","authors":"Julen Agirre,&nbsp;Daniel Bernal,&nbsp;Baptiste Flipon,&nbsp;Marc Bernacki,&nbsp;Holger Brüggemann,&nbsp;David Bailly,&nbsp;Marion Merklein,&nbsp;Hinnerk Hagenah,&nbsp;Jan Henning Risse,&nbsp;Łukasz Madej,&nbsp;Krzysztof Muszka,&nbsp;Kamil Cichocki,&nbsp;Łukasz Poloczek,&nbsp;Olga Bylya,&nbsp;Aleksey Reshetov,&nbsp;Pascal De Micheli,&nbsp;Julien Barlier,&nbsp;Andreas Stark,&nbsp;Uceu F. H. Suhuddin,&nbsp;Peter Staron,&nbsp;Benjamin Klusemann,&nbsp;Lander Galdos","doi":"10.1007/s12289-025-01893-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12289-025-01893-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents an extensive benchmark study conducted across eight European research centres, focusing on the high-temperature testing of the Alloy 625 nickel-based superalloy to evaluate its flow behaviour and microstructural evolution, including grain growth (GG) and dynamic recrystallization (DRX). Uniaxial compression tests were performed at 1050 °C and three strain rates (0.1 s⁻¹, 1 s⁻¹, and 10 s⁻¹) using six testing facilities categorised into three types: two conventional thermomechanical machines equipped with electrical resistance furnaces, two deformation dilatometers with induction heating, and two Gleeble machines with Joule heating. Flow curves were compared, and EBSD analysis was conducted to examine DRX. Virtual twins of tests were developed to estimate the thermomechanical history at the centre of the samples, where microstructural observations were conducted. The study methodically discussed the variability in thermomechanical behaviour and DRX results. Additionally, GG was investigated through heat treatments at 1150ºC for various hold times, using the three heating methods mentioned. Significant effects of the heating methods on GG were identified. <i>In-situ</i> synchrotron analysis at PETRA III DESY provided deeper insights into microstructural evolution. Considering the extensive findings of this research, this paper aims to establish guidelines and define best practices for high-temperature testing to characterise the thermomechanical behaviour and microstructural evolution of materials, while providing insights for advancing experimental mechanics and optimising constitutive model development.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":591,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Material Forming","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12289-025-01893-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the ceramic fused filament fabrication process and the built parts’ static mechanical properties","authors":"Shijie Jiang,&nbsp;Hongwei Ying,&nbsp;Jiaqi Chen,&nbsp;Yuntao Zhang,&nbsp;Shanggang Cai,&nbsp;Shuo Liu","doi":"10.1007/s12289-025-01892-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12289-025-01892-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ceramic fused filament fabrication (CF3), a type of ceramic additive manufacturing technology, uses ceramic powder/polymer composite filament as raw material to fabricate densified ceramic parts through shaping-debinding-sintering (S-D-S) process, and it owns broad application and development prospects. However, the existing study on the static mechanical properties of CF3 parts is still in the basic stage, lacking comprehensiveness and systematicity. In this paper, self-made zirconia/polymer composite filament with a five-component binder system was developed, and the ME equipment was used to shape the green specimens with different processing parameters (layer thickness, solid loading and infill angle) in order to verify the formability of the composite filament; They were then debinded and sintered using the box sintering furnace so as to obtain the sintered CF3 specimens; Finally, experimental studies on their physical and static properties were carried out to investigate the effects of processing parameters. The results showed that increasing the solid loading of zirconia significantly reduced the dimensional shrinkage of the sintered specimens; When the layer thickness increased from 0.2 to 0.3 mm, the compressive strength decreased from 358.66 to 213.40 MPa, and the bending strength decreased from 456.01 to 293.12 MPa; When the infill angle increased from 0° to 90°, the bending strength of the specimens decreased from 456.01 to 120.08 MPa; The Vickers hardness of the sintered specimens was independent, and it has the characteristic of isotropy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":591,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Material Forming","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on the spiral-groove of flexible skew rolling hollow shafts with mandrel","authors":"Xiaoqing Cao,&nbsp;Baoyu Wang","doi":"10.1007/s12289-025-01894-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12289-025-01894-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Flexible skew rolling (FSR) of hollow shafts with a mandrel represents a novel near-net-forming technology for hollow shafts. Surface quality, particularly the presence of spiral mark defects, poses a significant challenge in achieving precision forming. In this paper, the formation mechanism of spiral marks of hollow FSR shaft with mandrel was studied through experimental methods and finite element (FE) simulations, and the morphology of spiral marks under different rolling parameters is analyzed. Our findings indicate that the initiation of spiral marks occurs at the point where the rolled piece separates from the rolls. The outer spiral marks are attributed to the mismatch between the radial and axial metal flow; when the rolled part separates from the rolls, the metal that has exited the rolls is influenced by the deforming metal still within the rolls, resulting in an accumulation of excess material that takes on a spiral shape, mirroring the profile of the rolled piece. The intensity of spiral marks increases with higher swing angles, greater reduction ratios, and larger mandrel diameters, while decreasing with an increase in relative wall thickness. The spiral mark defect could be mitigated by extending the sizing section length, incorporating the unloading fillet and selecting appropriate rolling parameters. When the roll sizing length increased from 20 to 30 mm and the unloading fillet is set at 5 mm, the depth of spiral marks was improved by 21.8%. The results elucidate the causes of spiral marks on hollow shafts produced by FSR with a mandrel and provide theoretical guidance for selecting process parameters in production applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":591,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Material Forming","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12289-025-01894-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review on incremental sheetmetal forming process: deformation mechanisms and recent developments","authors":"G. Vignesh,&nbsp;C. Sathiya Narayanan,&nbsp;C. Pandivelan","doi":"10.1007/s12289-025-01895-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12289-025-01895-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Incremental sheet metal forming (ISF) process is an established agile forming method wherein the blank of the sheet metal is deformed into a preferred geometric by the sequence of bit-by-bit local deformation produced by the forming tool. There is no need for a die to shape the sheet metal, which is the principal strength of this process. The review made on the ISF process and particularly the different deformation mechanisms that are generated on the sheet metal during the ISF process are discussed broadly in this paper. The effects of this deformation mechanism on the ISF process are also discussed. The recent developments in ISF processes, such as Heat Assisted ISF process, Water Jet ISF process, Electromagnetic ISF process for sheet metals and Multi-stage ISF process, are also discussed in detail. Each of these processes possesses its distinct merits and demerits which are also listed. The ISF process is performed on different materials that were also discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":591,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Material Forming","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crystal plasticity simulations on work hardening and plastic anisotropy of A5083-O sheet subjected to various linear and nonlinear strain paths","authors":"Kengo Yoshida,&nbsp;Yuji Kamiya,&nbsp;Kota Kai","doi":"10.1007/s12289-025-01889-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12289-025-01889-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A crystal plasticity model that can describe the complex work-hardening behavior and a homogenization method that is both accurate and computationally inexpensive are required for crystal plasticity-based sheet metal forming simulations. This study investigated several crystal plasticity models and homogenization methods for linear and nonlinear strain paths. In the experiments, the work-hardening behavior of an A5083-O sheet was measured under reverse and cross loadings. The anisotropy of the flow stress and plastic strain path was also measured in uniaxial tension and biaxial stress tests. The biaxial stress test included tension–tension and tension–compression combined stress states. The experimental and simulation results showed that the proposed crystal plasticity model accurately predicted the work-hardening behavior and texture evolution of the specimen. Furthermore, the two-grain cluster-type homogenization method captured the plastic anisotropy of the specimen as accurately as the finite element-based homogenization method. The computational speed of the two-grain cluster model was approximately 250 times faster than that of the finite element-based homogenization method. Therefore, the two-grain cluster model in conjunction with the proposed crystal plasticity model is an effective approach to predict the plastic behavior of polycrystals in large-scale sheet metal forming simulations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":591,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Material Forming","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143676324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Element evaporation and as-cast structures of a new Ni-Co-based Superalloy affected by the second smelting power of electron beam smelting layered solidification technology","authors":"Lin Yang,&nbsp;Rusheng Bai,&nbsp;Yi Tan,&nbsp;Ying Yang,&nbsp;Pengting Li","doi":"10.1007/s12289-025-01890-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12289-025-01890-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Compared with traditional smelting technology, the GH4068 alloy prepared by electron beam smelting layered solidification technology (EBS-LST) has a more uniform microstructure and lower microsegregation. To further optimize the as-cast microstructure of GH4068 alloy, the element volatilization, microstructure and microsegregation of GH4068 alloy prepared by EBS-LST of different second layer smelting powers were studied. The experimental results show that element volatilization gradually aggravates with the increase of smelting power, and the volatilization of Cr element is the most obvious. By analyzing the cross-sectional microstructures of ingots, it is found that the dendrite zone gradually reduces, while the cellular dendrite zone and cellular structure zone gradually increase with the increase of smelting power. The secondary dendrite arm spacing of ingots with the smelting power of 10 kW, 12 kW and 14 kW are 55.9 μm, 48.1 μm and 42.1 μm, respectively, which are all smaller than the ingot prepared by traditional duplex melting is 65.8 μm. The microsegregation of ingots in the dendrite zone is the most serious, and the size of precipitated phases in the cellular structure zone is the biggest. Therefore, considering the above experimental results, this paper believes that 12 kW is the better second layer smelting power.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":591,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Material Forming","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A press forming benchmark to isolate deformation mechanisms for simulation validation","authors":"Dennis Brands,&nbsp;Wouter J. B. Grouve,&nbsp;Sebastiaan Wijskamp,&nbsp;Remko Akkerman","doi":"10.1007/s12289-025-01891-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12289-025-01891-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Predictive simulations of the press forming process for thermoplastic composites are invaluable tools for designing tool geometry and determining processing parameters. Ensuring the reliability of these simulations requires thorough validation, which can be challenging due to the wide range of possible geometries and the time and costs associated with obtaining validation data. This study presents and interprets press forming results for thermoplastic composites, with a specific focus on their application to simulation model validation. Experiments were conducted by forming blanks made from two unidirectional fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composite materials over a dome-shaped geometry. By varying the blank width and layup, the deformations and wrinkling behavior were systematically influenced. It is demonstrated that a careful selection of the forming conditions enables targeted analysis and validation of individual deformation mechanisms, including in-plane shear, bending and interply friction. Finally, a structured strategy is proposed for using these experimental results to validate forming simulations, offering an approach to evaluate the used constitutive models.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":591,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Material Forming","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12289-025-01891-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of die casting process and microstructure-mechanical properties of Al-Sc alloys","authors":"Yatong Xing,&nbsp;Xiaoxin Zhang,&nbsp;Yanwei Ma,&nbsp;Zhirui Tian,&nbsp;Xia Li,&nbsp;Jianbo Yu,&nbsp;Weidong Xuan,&nbsp;Zhongming Ren","doi":"10.1007/s12289-025-01885-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12289-025-01885-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Die cast is a promising metal forming process that could potentially replace powder metallurgy for producing high Sc-contained Al-Sc sputtering targets. However, die cast of Al-Sc alloys with Sc contents more than 2 wt.% are not yet investigated. This work optimized the die-casting process parameters of Al-Sc alloys based on the air entrainment ratio and shrinkage porosity through numerical simulation and explored the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Sc die castings with Sc contents of 2 wt.%, 5 wt.%, and 10 wt.% by experiments. The results show that the influence weighting of parameters on defects is die temperature &gt; pouring temperature &gt; injection velocity, and the optimum parameter combination is pouring temperature of superheat of 60 ℃, die temperature of 240 ℃, and injection velocity of 3 m/s; The solidification structure of Al-Sc die castings comprised equiaxed grains, deformed and partially fragmented columnar grains, and uniformly distributed Al₃Sc precipitates. An increase of Sc content led to grain refinement and a rise in the size and volume fraction of Al₃Sc precipitates. The elongation and tensile strength of Al-Sc die castings were significantly higher than those of gravity castings, whereas these properties diminished with increasing Sc content.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":591,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Material Forming","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}