International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Water biological denitrification in batch and anoxic/aerobic-membrane bioreactor operations: carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, nitrate concentration and hydraulic retention time","authors":"F. Yadegari,&nbsp;E. Abdollahzadeh Sharghi,&nbsp;M. Adl","doi":"10.1007/s13762-025-06535-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13762-025-06535-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The current research aimed to investigate the biological denitrification (BD) of high-nitrate drinking water using acetic acid as a carbon source in both batch and continuous modes. In batch mode, optimal denitrification was observed at carbon-to-nitrogen ratios (C/N) of 2 or higher without nitrite accumulation, and at C/N = 2, for nitrate concentrations of 150 mg/L or greater, nitrate and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency was 97.5 ± 1.3% and 73.5 ± 1.9%, respectively. In continuous mode, the water BD process was assessed in a sequencing anoxic/aerobic-membrane bioreactor (MBR) over two stages with hydraulic retention time ratios (HRT_MBR/HRT_Anoxic) of 34/17 in stage one and 8/8 in stage two. Results indicated that the limited carbon in the MBR led to a significant reduction in biomass, resulting in increased ammonia production and higher nitrate concentrations during the final days of both stages. The recycling of produced nitrate and dissolved oxygen into the anoxic reactor reduced the effective C/N ratio, which decreased the specific denitrification rate (SDNR). Although nitrate concentration rose more quickly in stage two, this stage achieved a higher SDNR (312 ± 48 mg NO₃/g MLVSS.d) and COD removal efficiency (100%). Overall, the hybrid system effectively removed contaminants and rejected <i>E. coli</i>, producing an effluent that met World Health Organization drinking water standards.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":589,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"22 12","pages":"11705 - 11724"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145167182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polystyrene waste-xanthan gum membranes: modification, preparation and evaluation as polyelectrolyte membranes","authors":"K. A. Afifi,&nbsp;M. A. Abu Saied,&nbsp;N. Abdel Khaleq,&nbsp;A. Fahmy","doi":"10.1007/s13762-025-06536-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13762-025-06536-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The essential function of the proton exchange membrane in fuel cells is to enable the passage of proton from the anode to the cathode. In this work, new composite membranes consisting of sulfonated polystyrene and xanthan gum were prepared in dependance on the proportions of xanthan gum in the membranes. The solution-casting technique was employed for preparing the membranes. To assess the properties of the membranes the Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy were used to analyze the membrane’s structure, Thermogravimetric analysis to evaluate its thermal stability, and examined its mechanical assets along with ethanol and water uptake. The composite membranes showed satisfactory thermal properties, maintaining their integrity up to 300 °C according to thermograms. One of the most noteworthy findings was the notable increase in the ion exchange capacity of the composite sulfonated polystyrene and xanthan gum membranes in contrast to the pure sulfonated polystyrene. The ion exchange capacity of the sulfonated polystyrene and xanthan gum composite with 0.05% xanthan reached 1.15 meq/g, surpassing the worth reported for Nafion 117 membranes (0.91 meq/g). The proton conductivity values undergo a noticeable increase, progressing from 0.12 S/cm reaching 0.18 S/cm for xanthan (0.06%). This achievement surpasses the documented figure for Nafion-117, which stands at 0.084 S/cm. The resulting sulfonated polystyrene and xanthan gum composite demonstrated favorable film-forming and structural properties, making it a promising option for polyelectrolyte membranes, with the added advantage of being cost-effective and utilizing waste materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":589,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"22 14","pages":"13833 - 13848"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13762-025-06536-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145028430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochar amendment improves soil properties and augments soil bacteria on continuous maize cultivation over two years","authors":"S. Wijitkosum,&nbsp;T. Sriburi,&nbsp;P. Chutivisut","doi":"10.1007/s13762-025-06484-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13762-025-06484-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research aimed to evaluate the effect of cassava stem (CS) biochar on soil properties by applying it to continuous maize cultivated in four crop cycles (2 years), in which biochar was applied only once at the first planting. The fundamental physicochemical soil properties, numbers of soil bacteria and their species, and maize yield and productivity were investigated. The experimental plots consisted of three plots with four replicates per plot: unamended soil (TC), soil amended with CS biochar at 2.5 kg/m², and soil amended with CS biochar at 2.5 kg/m² mixed with fertilizer at 0.56 kg/m² (TBM). The results indicated that CS biochar significantly improved all soil properties without finding a significant difference between the TB and TBM plots except for cation exchange capacity. The TB plots had a significantly higher number and species of soil microbes. <i>Bacillus pumilus</i> was found in the TB plots, while <i>B. megaterium</i> was detected in the TBM and TC. Although the TBM plots provided more maize ears and fresh and dry weight (FW and DW) of kernels than the TB plots, no significant difference was found unless the second crop harvesting, in which case the number of maize ears showed a significant difference. The FW and DW showed significant differences in the last crop harvesting. Maize provided decreased yield and productivity since the third crop cultivation. The research findings recommend that farmers could apply biochar mixed with fertilizer to cultivate every two crop cycles to reduce the frequency of adding fertilizer in real-world cultivation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":589,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"22 13","pages":"12349 - 12362"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13762-025-06484-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144814349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential seismic impacts of wastewater treatment plants on soil or water pollution, due to internal vulnerabilities","authors":"P. N. Kerpelis,&nbsp;S. K. Golfinopoulos,&nbsp;D. E. Alexakis","doi":"10.1007/s13762-025-06534-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13762-025-06534-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper examines the seismic vulnerability of Greek Wastewater Treatment Plants, addressing a critical gap in the literature on this seismically active country. The proposed methodology aims to determine vulnerability indices based on findings from previous empirical studies, which are analysed visually and represented into GIS to identify the most potentially vulnerable units and areas. These are integrated with the Seismic Hazard Map as well as regional data to provide a comprehensive assessment, revealing regional vulnerabilities, and soil or water pollution at different post-seismic periods. Ιnternal vulnerabilities and potential soil or water contamination are visualized. The spatial distribution of seismic vulnerability and potential pollution in the surrounding area is based on extreme values of indices of vulnerabilities as well as the estimated post-seismic soil or water pollution, at times 0 h, 12 h, and 24 h. The results depict that the spatial distribution is 0–80% for all the seismic vulnerabilities, while that is 20–40% according the indices, per region. Additionally, maps were developed to depict potential post-seismic soil contamination at time intervals of 0 h, 12 h and 24 h, creating a “cloud” near every infrastructure. For soil pollution, 20.5% of the units should experience an increase, while 69.2% should remain constant. Similarly, 35.9% of the units should see increased water pollution, while 59% should remain unchanged. The study highlights that water pollution poses a greater risk than soil pollution. It enables more targeted research and provides valuable information for stakeholders, supporting mitigation strategies, enhanced controls, and preservation efforts focused on the most vulnerable units.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":589,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"22 14","pages":"13879 - 13894"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13762-025-06534-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145028423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal variability of particulate black carbon over Lahore Pakistan","authors":"N. Ahmad,&nbsp;M. Razi,&nbsp;M. Z. Shahid,&nbsp;R. Nawaz,&nbsp;M. I. Shahzad,&nbsp;S. Shafiq,&nbsp;I. Shahid","doi":"10.1007/s13762-025-06504-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13762-025-06504-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Particulate Black carbon (BC), a critical short-lived climate pollutant, emitted from incomplete combustion of fossil fuel and biomass burning. Due to its strong light-absorbing properties, BC can significantly alter the atmospheric radiation balance and impact air quality and climate. This study investigates the temporal variability of BC mass concentrations over Lahore, Pakistan, using continuous high-resolution measurements from January 2019 to December 2020 with an aethalometer. BC concentrations within PM_2.5 aerosols were recorded at a one-minute temporal resolution and analyzed for daily, monthly, and seasonal trends. The daily mean BC concentrations exhibited substantial variation, averaging 11.77 ± 13.54 µg/m³ (ranging from 0.66 to 148.45 µg/m³) in 2019 and 11.17 ± 8.67 µg/m³ (ranging from 1.55 to 50.52 µg/m³) in 2020. The highest monthly mean BC concentration (32.64 ± 60.64 µg/m³) was recorded in January 2019, with an extreme hourly peak of 1042.71 µg/m³ on January 2 at 21:00 h. For both years, the lowest BC levels were consistently observed in August. Weekly trends revealed that the Sunday observed minimum BC concentrations (10.1 µg/m³) and Wednesdays maximum (13.2 µg/m³). Diurnal variations followed a bimodal pattern, with peaks during morning and evening to midnight, likely driven by traffic emissions and boundary layer dynamics. Correlation analysis showed a robust inverse relationship between BC concentrations and meteorological parameters, with R-values ranging from − 0.46 to − 0.63 for temperature and wind speed. The study highlights the significant contribution of BC to atmospheric aerosol loadings over Lahore, revealing substantial fluctuations across diurnal, daily, monthly, and seasonal scales, and emphasizing the need for effective air pollution control strategies.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":589,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"22 14","pages":"13863 - 13878"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13762-025-06504-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145028422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The removal of PFAS by Fe3O4/ZnO@Ag nano-photocatalyst under visible light irradiation","authors":"H. Pouresmaeil,&nbsp;G. R. Nabi Bidhendi,&nbsp;M. Baghdadi","doi":"10.1007/s13762-025-06520-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13762-025-06520-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper deals with the challenge of pre-and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) pollutant removal from the wastewater due to their persistent and stable chemical nature. Firstly, iron oxide/zinc oxide @ silver (Fe₃O₄/ZnO@Ag) as a photocatalyst was synthesized by a sol–gel method and its morphology and purity were also evaluated by FESEM, XRD, and EDS analyses. Due to the high cost of using UV light and TiO₂, the Ag and ZnO were utilized to reduce it because the ZnO does not have a proper photocatalyst activity under visible light. Based on the mentioned analysis, the purity of the synthesized photocatalyst was confirmed. Response surface methodology is taken into consideration to design the experiments and evaluate the interaction effects. ANOVA results demonstrated the high predictive capability of the model. The results confirmed that by using 0.3 g Ag and enhancing the photocatalyst activity of Fe₃O₄/ZnO, the amount of PFAS was reduced by 87.37% at the pH of 3. Considering the difficulty of PFOS removal, the use of this process can bring very effective results. Due to the low price of zinc oxide compared to titanium oxide and the lower price of the fluorescent lamp compared to the ultraviolet lamp, this process can result in low costs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":589,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"22 11","pages":"10295 - 10304"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145143560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid adsorption of methylene blue by synthesizing zinc oxide nanoparticles from Ocimum basilicum L. waste","authors":"T. Turna,&nbsp;A. Solmaz,&nbsp;A. Baran","doi":"10.1007/s13762-025-06492-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13762-025-06492-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONp) were synthesized from <i>Ocimum basilicum</i> L. (<i>Ob</i>L-ZnONp) plant wastes by green synthesis method to remove methylene blue (MB) dye, which has toxic effects on the environment. In batch adsorption studies, the effects of pH (3–11), <i>Ob</i>L-ZnONp amount (0.0312–1.25 g/L), time (0–30 min), initial MB concentration (2–64 mg/L) and temperature (25–45 °C) were tested to determine the adsorption mechanism. The obtained results were tested with Pseudo first order (PFO), Pseudo second order (PSO), Elovich and Intraparticle diffusion kinetic models and evaluated in Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models. Also 6 different error functions were used to interpret the results. Additionally, the morphological properties of the synthesized <i>Ob</i>L-ZnONp were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. In addition, desorption tests were also performed. According to the obtained results, the most suitable kinetic and isotherm models were determined as PSO (R²: 0.999) and Freundlich (0.991), respectively. In addition, while more than 90% removal efficiency was achieved in 4 min, the maximum adsorption amount was determined as 21.41 mgMB/g<i>Ob</i>L-ZnONp. This study determined that Np synthesized at low cost was quite effective in MB removal.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":589,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"22 11","pages":"10049 - 10066"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13762-025-06492-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145143675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable recycling of spent lead-acid batteries into perovskite thin films via inkjet printing for solar energy","authors":"A. M. Elseman,&nbsp;I. Ibrahim,&nbsp;M. M. Rashad","doi":"10.1007/s13762-025-06466-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13762-025-06466-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The disposal of spent lead-acid batteries represents a critical environmental challenge due to their toxic waste content. This study presents a sustainable solution by recycling lead from non-reusable lead-acid batteries to synthesize lead halides (PbX₂), key precursors for perovskite materials in solar cells. This innovative approach minimizes environmental pollution while converting hazardous waste into high-value materials for renewable energy applications. Lead halides (PbI₂, PbCl₂, PbBr₂) were synthesized under optimized conditions and characterized comprehensively using XRD, XPS, TEM, absorption spectroscopy, optical band gap analysis, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. These materials were then employed to fabricate CH₃NH₃PbI₃ thin films via inkjet printing at 1.0 M and 1.3 M concentrations. Structural and optical analyses of the thin films confirmed a tetragonal perovskite phase, with a reduction in crystallite size (36.8 to 31.3 nm) and a slight decrease in band gap (1.557 to 1.546 eV) at higher concentrations, enhancing light-harvesting properties. Additionally, a lead halide recovering cost assessment highlighted the economic viability of this recycling process. This scalable, eco-friendly approach offers a cost-effective pathway for sustainable solar energy technologies.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":589,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"22 14","pages":"13807 - 13822"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13762-025-06466-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145028373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Satellite signature-based evidence in exploring sub-districts susceptible to hyperthermia","authors":"S-B Um","doi":"10.1007/s13762-025-06530-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13762-025-06530-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Identifying administrative sub-districts vulnerable to hyperthermia is critical in formulating transparent policies based on comprehensive, area-wide data. However, previous studies have yet to use satellite imagery to explore administrative sub-districts susceptible to hyperthermia in a local-specific community setting. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate whether the area-wide land surface temperature retrieved from thermal satellite imagery can be an indirect indicator to explore administrative sub-districts susceptible to hyperthermia. Landsat 8 satellite data were used to retrieve the area-wide land surface temperature. Daegu metropolitan city considered the representative heatwave city in South Korea, was examined to explore the sub-districts susceptible to hyperthermia. Administrative sub-districts with a high concentration of low-income residents who cannot operate air conditioning during the summer were particularly susceptible to hyperthermia. Meanwhile, wealthy administrative sub-districts with the highest real estate prices were least susceptible to hyperthermia. The study findings are expected to establish the foundation for a data-driven, standardized approach to identifying sub-districts at high risk for hyperthermia in age-friendly communities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":589,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"22 14","pages":"13849 - 13862"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145028371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable consumption has a mediating role in the effect of place attachment on behavior toward sustainable consumption","authors":"Y. Durmaz,&nbsp;L. Akdoğan","doi":"10.1007/s13762-025-06540-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13762-025-06540-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research aims to explore the interplay between place attachment and attitudes/behaviors towards sustainable consumption, considering the mediating role of sustainable attitudes. The study data covers individuals aged 20 and over living in Turkey. The purpose of selecting individuals in this age range was to create a strong emotional bond with the place of residence. Scholars in environmental studies have underscored the significance of place attachment in shaping sustainable consumption practices. Additionally, this study investigates the influence of socio-demographic factors on place attachment and the mediating function of attitudes in the relationship between place attachment and attitudes/actions towards sustainable consumption. Data for this study were collected through an online survey conducted using Google Forms, with 410 participants responding. Path analysis, mediation analysis, independent t-tests, and one-way analysis of variance were conducted to analyze the established model. Observed socio-demographic characteristics regarding sustainable consumption can provide clear implications for businesses in their market segmentation studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":589,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"22 14","pages":"13895 - 13910"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13762-025-06540-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145028372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}