{"title":"Rapid adsorption of methylene blue by synthesizing zinc oxide nanoparticles from Ocimum basilicum L. waste","authors":"T. Turna, A. Solmaz, A. Baran","doi":"10.1007/s13762-025-06492-4","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONp) were synthesized from <i>Ocimum basilicum</i> L. (<i>Ob</i>L-ZnONp) plant wastes by green synthesis method to remove methylene blue (MB) dye, which has toxic effects on the environment. In batch adsorption studies, the effects of pH (3–11), <i>Ob</i>L-ZnONp amount (0.0312–1.25 g/L), time (0–30 min), initial MB concentration (2–64 mg/L) and temperature (25–45 °C) were tested to determine the adsorption mechanism. The obtained results were tested with Pseudo first order (PFO), Pseudo second order (PSO), Elovich and Intraparticle diffusion kinetic models and evaluated in Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models. Also 6 different error functions were used to interpret the results. Additionally, the morphological properties of the synthesized <i>Ob</i>L-ZnONp were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. In addition, desorption tests were also performed. According to the obtained results, the most suitable kinetic and isotherm models were determined as PSO (R<sup>2</sup>: 0.999) and Freundlich (0.991), respectively. In addition, while more than 90% removal efficiency was achieved in 4 min, the maximum adsorption amount was determined as 21.41 mgMB/g<i>Ob</i>L-ZnONp. This study determined that Np synthesized at low cost was quite effective in MB removal.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\n<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":589,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","volume":"22 11","pages":"10049 - 10066"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13762-025-06492-4.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13762-025-06492-4","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONp) were synthesized from Ocimum basilicum L. (ObL-ZnONp) plant wastes by green synthesis method to remove methylene blue (MB) dye, which has toxic effects on the environment. In batch adsorption studies, the effects of pH (3–11), ObL-ZnONp amount (0.0312–1.25 g/L), time (0–30 min), initial MB concentration (2–64 mg/L) and temperature (25–45 °C) were tested to determine the adsorption mechanism. The obtained results were tested with Pseudo first order (PFO), Pseudo second order (PSO), Elovich and Intraparticle diffusion kinetic models and evaluated in Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models. Also 6 different error functions were used to interpret the results. Additionally, the morphological properties of the synthesized ObL-ZnONp were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. In addition, desorption tests were also performed. According to the obtained results, the most suitable kinetic and isotherm models were determined as PSO (R2: 0.999) and Freundlich (0.991), respectively. In addition, while more than 90% removal efficiency was achieved in 4 min, the maximum adsorption amount was determined as 21.41 mgMB/gObL-ZnONp. This study determined that Np synthesized at low cost was quite effective in MB removal.
期刊介绍：
International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology (IJEST) is an international scholarly refereed research journal which aims to promote the theory and practice of environmental science and technology, innovation, engineering and management.
A broad outline of the journal''s scope includes: peer reviewed original research articles, case and technical reports, reviews and analyses papers, short communications and notes to the editor, in interdisciplinary information on the practice and status of research in environmental science and technology, both natural and man made.
The main aspects of research areas include, but are not exclusive to; environmental chemistry and biology, environments pollution control and abatement technology, transport and fate of pollutants in the environment, concentrations and dispersion of wastes in air, water, and soil, point and non-point sources pollution, heavy metals and organic compounds in the environment, atmospheric pollutants and trace gases, solid and hazardous waste management; soil biodegradation and bioremediation of contaminated sites; environmental impact assessment, industrial ecology, ecological and human risk assessment; improved energy management and auditing efficiency and environmental standards and criteria.
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