International Journal of Biometeorology最新文献

{"title":"The impact of biotropic weather on the incidence and severity of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a single-center observational explorative study.","authors":"Carolin Albrecht, Kathrin Graw, Victoria Kehl, Isabel Hostettler, Bernhard Meyer, Andreas Matzarakis, Maria Wostrack","doi":"10.1007/s00484-025-02890-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-025-02890-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Controversy surrounds seasonal variations in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) incidence and course. Investigating weather effects associated with weather fronts may provide more insights. Meteorological parameters are grouped into classes describing biotropic weather conditions influencing human health. Known as bio-synop classes, they impact human health by influencing biological processes. Our study explores the relationship between these classes and aSAH occurrence and severity using data from our neurovascular center and the German national weather registry. Data from 605 aSAH patients treated between 2006 and 2021 was analyzed. The Kruskal-Wallis Test was used to assess the incidence and severity of aSAH, classified by Hunt&Hess (HH) grades across bio-synop classes. Additionally, we explored seasonal clustering of aSAH events. While no significant difference in ASAH incidence across specific bio-synop classes was observed (p = 0.165), class 4 \"Low-pressure with cold air advection\" was significantly associated with a higher incidence of poorer HH grades (p = 0.022). Further, we observed a decrease in aSAH cases in June in month-to-month comparisons (May vs. June p < 0.001). Although bio-synop classes may not directly affect aSAH incidence, they appear linked to aSAH severity. The reduction in June aSAH cases suggests a potential seasonal influence, indicating a complex interplay of environmental factors warranting further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of cold spells and heat waves frequencies on the prevalence and incidence of stroke in middle-to-elderly age population in China: evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).","authors":"Caixuan Sun, Ao Li, Ruifeng Gui, Yilu Xue, Yuanyuan Cao, Guoqiang Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00484-025-02885-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-025-02885-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stroke, a key cardiovascular disease, is impacted by cold spells and heat waves. However, limited sample size and unclear impact on the aging population's prevalence and incidence remain concerns. We aim to explore the association between cold spells and heat waves frequency and stroke in middle-aged and elderly people in China. Utilizing data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), this study conducted cross-sectional (16,766 participants aged 45 and above in 2011) and longitudinal analyses (tracked 15,215 stroke-free participants from 2011 to 2018). Cold spells and heat waves are defined by temperature thresholds and duration for a given community. The stroke cases were identified through self-reports. Logistic regression, Cox proportional-hazards model and time-varying Cox proportional hazards regression model were employed in our analysis. In the cross-sectional study, 469 (2.8%) participants suffered stroke. Every 1 event increased in cold spells frequency (OR: 1.205, 95% CI: 1.067,1.361) and heat waves frequency (OR: 1.087, 95% CI: 1.017,1.162) was positively associated with stroke prevalence. In the cohort study, 1,028 (6.8%) developed stroke during an average follow-up of 6.3 years. We observed consistent adverse effects of cold spells on stroke incidence (HR: 1.149, 95% CI: 1.062, 1.243), whereas heat waves showed no significant association. Considering exposure changes during follow-up, both cold spells and heat waves significantly increased stroke incidence. Subgroup analyses showed a significant interaction between heat waves and geographic location, which indicated northern residents exhibited higher risks. Our study suggests that cold spells elevate stroke risk among middle-aged and older Chinese adults. Meantime, the impact of heat waves on stroke incidence is also worth noting for northern residents. This finding provides evidence of temperature fluctuation's impact on this cardiovascular event in the nationwide population, suggesting temperature-control optimization could be an effective disease-control measure.</p>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of spring freeze events on a perennial tree fruit crop across the central and eastern USA.","authors":"Ting Wang, Shiyuan Zhong, Jeffrey Andresen","doi":"10.1007/s00484-025-02887-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-025-02887-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study uses a crop simulation model driven by 40 years (1981-2020) of daily gridded meteorological data from PRISM to assess the impacts of spring freeze events on cherry trees, a representative temperate perennial tree-fruit crop, across six regions of the central and eastern USA: the Northern and Southern Great Plains (NGP, SGP), Upper Midwest (UMW), Ohio Valley (OHV), New York-Pennsylvania (NY-PA), and Virginia-North Carolina (VA-NC). Freeze damage exhibits a clear latitudinal gradient, with damage frequency and severity decreasing from south to north. The most frequent and severe damage occurs in the SGP, followed by VA-NC, while the least is observed in the UMW and NY-PA. Damage frequency decreases as phenological stage advances, with the first two vegetative stages being the most affected. False spring events, defined as early side-green onset followed by freeze damage, mirror this spatial pattern and are more closely linked to the timing of side-green dates than to freeze-damage frequency. Trends in damage day frequency and severity show notable longitudinal variability, with decreasing trends in the lower OHV flanked by increasing trends in the SGP and VA-NC. Decreasing trends are also observed in northern parts of the UMW and NGP, though significant trends are limited to small areas. These patterns reflect the interplay between spring warm-up timing, phenological development, and seasonal vulnerability, modulated by sub-freezing temperature frequency and severity. The findings highlight the complexity of overwintering crops' responses to climate variability and the need for caution in assessing cold injury risks under future climate scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of higher resistance exercise and bathing habits on cardiovascular risks in older adults.","authors":"Ryosuke Takeda, Tetsuya Hirono, Akito Yoshiko, Taichi Nishikawa, Saeko Ueda, Kaito Igawa, Rii Shinoda, Shintaro Kawakami, Yusuke Tominari, Kohei Watanabe","doi":"10.1007/s00484-025-02888-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-025-02888-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated whether higher intensity of resistance exercise habit not only lead to greater muscle strength but also higher levels of hypertension and arterial stiffness, while these cardiovascular risks would be reduced by bathing habit in older adults. One hundred ninety-six older adults asked questionnaire about resistance exercise and bathing habits, along with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Long form to evaluate physical activity and aerobic exercise habits. Maximum knee extension strength (MVC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) were measured in fall. Participants with resistance exercise habits (n = 34 of 196) were included in the further analysis, and an exploratory analysis was conducted on participants with resistance exercise habits but without aerobic exercise habits (n = 19 of 34). According to the exploratory analysis, MVC was moderately associated with exercise intensity regardless of bathing habits. Exercise intensity was significantly correlated with SBP (r = 0.592, p = 0.012). This relationship became stronger after adjusting for bathing habits (r = 0.744, p = 0.006). BaPWV was positively correlated with exercise intensity after adjusting for bathing habits (r = 0.563, p = 0.036). Older adults who habitually perform high-intensity resistance exercise had greater muscle strength but aggravate hypertension and arterial stiffness. Bathing habits partly prevent cardiovascular risk without diminishing the improvements in muscle strength induced by high-intensity resistance exercises. Importantly, BP is increasing in winter and decreasing in summer. Our results set the stage of the future research that investigates how reduce the cardiovascular risk in older adults with high-intensity resistance training habits in each season, especially in winter.</p>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gauging the impact of heatwaves on the thermal perception of pedestrians with thermal walks in a humid subtropical climate.","authors":"Eduardo Krüger, Walter Ihlenfeld, Ivan Callejas, Jaime Guerrieri","doi":"10.1007/s00484-025-02884-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-025-02884-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Studies point to an increase in the frequency of heatwaves, revealing that they are longer lasting and more intense, with noticeable impacts from climate change observed in the south of Brazil. This study evaluates the impact of a heatwave event in Curitiba, Brazil, and investigates whether the excessive heat caused during this period influenced the thermal perception reported by participants in a fieldwork carried out during dynamic microclimatic surveys on a university campus. To this end, volunteers took part in thermal walks accompanied by a researcher carrying a portable equipment for monitoring environmental variables, covering points of interest previously defined in a walking circuit with different morphological and land cover configurations. Concurrently, the volunteers' thermal perception was assessed at five stops using standard perceptual and affective questionnaires. The sample during six campaigns comprised 50 participants, which cast a total of 300 subjective thermal perception responses along the walking circuit. As a means to compare participants' subjective responses during the heatwave, we used a database of surveys with pedestrians conducted in a previous study that also covered the summer season, though without the influence of a heatwave. A lower thermal sensitivity of respondents was observed, expressed through the variation between the thermal sensation vote and the Dynamic Thermal Sensation (DTS) during the heatwave days. During the thermal walk, subjects experienced thermal respite in a vegetated area on campus, potentially with positive alliesthesia.</p>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of tropospheric low-value ozone exposure on the mortality risk of ischemic heart disease and stroke on the example of Yibin (southwestern China).","authors":"Ye Xiao, Yuanhong Zeng, Yanlin Huang, Anqi You, Lili Yu, Jinxi Shu, Zhaoqiong Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00484-025-02886-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-025-02886-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The association of low-level ozone (O₃) exposure with the mortality risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke remains to be investigated. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between low-level O₃ exposure and mortality risk of IHD and stroke in Yibin, a city in southwestern China. A Poisson distribution lagged nonlinear model was used to assess the effect of O₃ exposure on IHD and stroke mortality and to explore the susceptible population according to gender and age subgroups and the susceptible season according to seasonal subgroups and to analyse the health effects under low O₃ exposure compared with high O₃ exposure. The mean O₃ exposure concentration from 2014 to 2020 was approximately 48.3 μg/m3. There was a major lagged effect of O₃ exposure on IHD and stroke. For every 10.0 μg/m³increase in O₃ concentration, the cumulative risks of death for the two diseases were 1.0211 (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.0064, 1.0358) and 1.0211 (95% CI: 1.0064, 1.0357), respectively. The mortality risks of IHD and stroke for women were 1.0064 (95% CI: 1.0016, 1.0113) and 1.0030 (95% CI: 1.0008, 1.0051), and for those aged > 65 years, they were 1.0082 (95% CI: 1.0026, 1.0139) and 1.0018 (95% CI: 1.0002, 1.0034), and the mortality risks in the warm season were 1.0043 (95% CI: 1.0007, 1.0080) and 1.0038 (95% CI: 1.0005, 1.0072), respectively. The introduction of other pollutants (PM_2.5, PM₁₀, NO₂, CO) to construct a dual-pollutant model showed that the effect of O₃ on the mortality risk of IHD and stroke remained statistically significant. This study consolidates the evidence for a positive correlation between low-level O₃ exposure and the mortality risk of IHD and stroke. The findings provide preliminary exploratory insights into the potential impact of air pollution on these diseases, offering a valuable reference for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143584268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of heat load on beef cattle activity budgets in a northern temperate grazing system.","authors":"Temitope O Oloyede, Francisco J Novais, Carolyn J Fitzsimmons, John S Church, Cameron N Carlyle, Changxi Li, Edward W Bork","doi":"10.1007/s00484-025-02882-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-025-02882-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Livestock production is increasingly at risk from rising temperatures under global warming. Despite this, how temperature increases impact the behavior of cattle on pasture is not fully understood. This research reports on patterns of beef cattle activity, including step counts and lying time, during the summer and fall grazing seasons of 2021, coincident with an unusual period of elevated temperatures and heat load within a northern temperate rangeland of Alberta, Canada. Beef heifers and first calf cows with calves at side were monitored using IceRobotics leg-mounted pedometers deployed from June 24 to August 26 in summer pasture, and August 27 to November 10 in fall pasture. Heat load conditions were quantified through the temperature-humidity index (THI), which has previously been reported to alter cattle behavior. Cattle exhibited marked diurnal shifts in activity patterns during elevated heat loading periods, increasing their activity (movement) at night and midday, with reduced activity in the morning and afternoon. While heifers had greater step counts in summer than cows, the reverse was true during fall, with cows being more active than heifers and having reduced lying times. A regression tree analysis indicated the specific thresholds for heat load (THI) that alter cattle activity were 54 (lower value) and 70 (upper value), below and above which, movement rates increased with greater heat loading. These results are useful for assessing cattle behavioral responses to weather conditions, including heat load. Further work is needed to understand how cattle activity under open-range grazing in temperate environments alter cattle behavior, stress and beef production outcomes, particularly in the face of escalating climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143584266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between short-term ambient NO2 and type 2 diabetes outpatient visits: a time series study in multi-city, China","authors":"Huilan Lu,&nbsp;Hongran Ma,&nbsp;Jiyuan Dong,&nbsp;Jiancheng Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00484-025-02854-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00484-025-02854-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As a common chronic disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications not only jeopardize the health of patients but also impose a heavy economic burden on society and patients’ families. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of evidence regarding the effects of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) on T2DM. In our study, daily data for T2DM outpatients, air pollutants and meteorological factors from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2020 were collected in three cities: Dingxi, Tianshui and Longnan, an inland province of northwest China. Generalized additive model (GAM) with quasi-Poisson regression combined with the Distributed Lag Non-linear Model (DLNM) were employed to assess the associations between NO₂ and daily T2DM outpatients, as well as their lag effects in various cities. We also stratified by gender, age, and season. The results from DLNM revealed that NO₂ was significant positively associated with the increase of the number of outpatient visits for T2DM at individual single-day and all cumulative lag days in three cities, with the largest Relative Risk (RR) at lag05, lag05 and lag07 [RR = 1.106 (95%CI: 1.045,1.171) for Dingxi, RR = 1.095 (95%CI: 1.047,1.146) for Tianshui and RR = 1.015 (95%CI: 1.015,1.138) for Longnan]. Stratified analysis of gender, age, and season suggested that the harmful effect of NO₂ was greater for males, young people (&lt; 65 years old), and the cold season. In brief, ambient NO₂ was associated with the increase in the number of outpatient visits for T2DM in three cities. Our findings suggest that the role of exposure to NO₂ in T2DM pathogenesis should be further investigated in China.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":"69 4","pages":"765 - 777"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143582152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simplifying morphological indicators: Linking building morphology and microclimate effects through exploratory factor analysis.","authors":"Zhaoqian Sun, Bohong Zheng, Qianli Ouyang","doi":"10.1007/s00484-025-02879-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-025-02879-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Building morphological indicators are widely used for microclimate regulation, but their complexity often hinders practical understanding and application. This study aims to simplify multiple morphological indicators into a smaller set of factors, and demonstrates that the simplified factors still account for microclimate effects. The study was conducted in Changsha, China. Microclimate and morphological data were collected within buffer zones ranging from 30 to 200 m in radius. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was performed on up to 12 morphological indicators, and the resulting factor scores were analyzed through regression with microclimate indicators. The results confirmed that: (1) 6 to 9 morphological indicators can be reduced to 1 to 3 factors, retaining most of the original information. The factor extraction is influenced by both the morphological indicators and the buffer radius. (2) The factors significantly impact air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, mean radiant temperature, and the Universal Thermal Climate Index, with the extent of influence varying across microclimate indicators and buffer radii. By consolidating the shared characteristics of multiple morphological indicators, this study offers a more concise and integrated approach for describing building morphology, and its essential relationship with the microclimate.</p>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balneotherapy in Fibromyalgia Syndrome: protocol of \"FIBROTHERM\", a prospective multi-center, two-cohort observational study.","authors":"Alarico Ariani, Giorgio Bedogni, Giovanni Biasi, Franco Cozzi, Sabrina Formisano, Roberto Gorla, Serena Guiducci, Maria Chiara Maccarone, Stefano Masiero, Simona Montalbano, Maurizio Muratore, Francesca Nacci, Eugenio Quarta, Gianluca Regazzo, Francesca Regola, Riccardo Terribili, Enrico Tirri, Rosella Tirri, Marco Vitale, Antonella Fioravanti","doi":"10.1007/s00484-025-02876-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-025-02876-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Balneotherapy (BT) is considered an effective, non-pharmacological approach, in the multimodal treatment of the Primary Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FS). However, the evidence of efficacy and tolerability of BT in FS is still limited. This is a prospective multi-center two-cohort observational study. The main aim will be the comparison of the Minimal Clinically Important Difference (according to Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire-FIQ) achievement in FS patients treated with BT vs standard care. Secondary objectives will be to assess: a) BT impact on pain, quality of life, anxiety and depression; b) the persistence of benefits in six weeks c) BT safety profile. All FS patients with a stable treatment in the past 3 months and a moderate to severe disease (FIQ score ≥ 39) will be enrolled after providing written informed consent. Patients will be divided into two Cohort: a) BT Cohort (i.e., BT in addition to standard care)-BTC; b) Control Cohort (i.e., only standard care)-SCC. There will be three assessments: baseline, two and six weeks (i.e., one month after BT end in BTC). At each of them the subject will fill in the following questionnaires: FIQ, VAS pain, Short Form Health Survey 16, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. We expect to observe a more relevant improvement of disease activity in BTC than in SCC. The positive effect may extend even to pain, quality of life, anxiety and depression. The short- and medium-term effects are likely to be similar, without any significant warning in terms of tolerability. Collected data, deriving from a large sample of patients, will provide a new insight of BT role in moderate to severe FS treatment. In particular, it will be possible to quantify the short and medium-term BT impact on disease activity and secondary symptoms related to FS.</p>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}