中国辐射卫生最新文献

{"title":"Preliminary study on radiation safety management of Gas Dynamic Trap based D-T fusion volumetric neutron source","authors":"Zou Jingting, Wang Zhen, Chen-Jui Chao, Zeng Qiusun, Chen Zhibin","doi":"10.13491/J.ISSN.1004-714X.2021.01.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13491/J.ISSN.1004-714X.2021.01.015","url":null,"abstract":"The fusion neutron source based on Gas Dynamic Trap (GDT) device has the advantages\u0000 of high neutron flux, large testing space and low construction cost, so it is an ideal\u0000 solution for high-flux fusion volumetric neutron source. As a new type of radioactive\u0000 facility, how to carry out radiation safety management under the current nuclear safety\u0000 regulatory laws and regulations in China is an important issue that must be addressed\u0000 before the construction of this facility. In this paper, the radiation safety characteristics\u0000 of GDT fusion neutron source was analyzed and the main radiation terms of GDT fusion\u0000 neutron source were expounded. Combined with the existing nuclear safety regulatory\u0000 laws and regulations in China, the key points of radiation protection and safety management\u0000 in the process of construction and application of GDT fusion neutron source were put\u0000 forward. It is recommended that the GDT neutron source should be managed as a class\u0000 I radiological device. Prior to operation, radiation safety permit and nuclear material\u0000 permit should be obtained, and special attention should be paid to the safety protection\u0000 of radioactive tritium. This study will pay the way for the radiation safety management\u0000 of the international high flux fusion neutron source ALIANCE project, and also provide\u0000 the reference for the related nuclear and radiation safety management departments\u0000 in China.\u0000 摘要： 随着聚变能研宄进入工程化阶段, 迫切需要高通量聚变体中子源开展材料和部件的辐照测试。基于气动磁镜 (Gas Dynamic Trap, GDT) 装置的聚变中子源具有中子通量高、测试空间大、建造成本低等优点,\u0000 是高通量聚变体中子 源的理想方案。作为一种新型的放射性装置, 在我国现行核安全监管法律法规体系下, 如何对其开展辐射安全管理是 在该装置建造之前必须要理清的问题。本文分析了\u0000 GDT 聚变体中子源的辐射安全特性, 阐明了 GDT 聚变体中子源 的主要辐射源项, 并结合我国现有核安全监管法律法规要求, 提出 GDT 聚变体中子源在建造及应用过程中的辐射防\u0000 护与安全管理要点, 建议 GDT 中子源作为I类射线装置管理, 运行之前应取得辐射安全许可证和核材料许可证, 特别 需要注意对放射性氚的安全防护。本文为国际高通量聚变体中子源\u0000 ALIANCE 的辐射安全管理工作提供指导, 同时可 供我国的核与辐射安全管理部门参考。","PeriodicalId":58844,"journal":{"name":"中国辐射卫生","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42753197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the status of radiological protection in Baoji City","authors":"Lu Jianchao, Y. Haifeng, Guo Qiang, Kang Zhidong, HU Xinmei, Gong Yifan, Chao Hui","doi":"10.13491/J.ISSN.1004-714X.2021.01.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13491/J.ISSN.1004-714X.2021.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To investigate the status of radiological protection in Baoji City.\u0000 Methods Using the questionnaire survey method, the survey forms were sent to the radiology\u0000 clinics and other relevant units in the counties and districts of the city to investigate\u0000 the basic situation of radiology and treatment of medical and health institutions,\u0000 basic information of radiology and treatment equipment, personal information of radiation\u0000 workers, and health monitoring of radiation workers.\u0000 Results There is 1.13 X-ray diagnostic equipment per 10, 000 people, 0.015 radiotherapy equipment\u0000 per 10, 000 people in Baoji City, and One million people own 11.4 CTs. There are 1,\u0000 102 radiation workers in Baoji City, and 2.92 per 10, 000 people. The occupational\u0000 health check rate of medical radiation personnel was 87.7% within 2 years, the personal\u0000 dose monitoring rate was 90.4%, the radiation worker training rate was 73.6% within\u0000 2 years, about the holding rate of “Radiation Staff Certificate” in Baoji City was\u0000 73.0%, and the occupational health file rate was 89.2%. The evaluation indexes of\u0000 various health monitoring were lower, especially in township hospitals (35.7%〜50.8%).\u0000 Conclusion On the whole, the number of radiological diagnosis and treatment equipment is small,\u0000 and Class A large equipment is almost blank. The city is stronger than the county\u0000 in health monitoring. The status of health monitoring is very different from urban\u0000 to rural areas.\u0000 摘要： 目的 了解宝鸡市医用放射防护现状。\u0000 方法 采用问卷调查、现场调查的方法, 调查全市各县区放射诊疗基本 情况、放射诊疗设备基本信息、放射工作人员个人信息及放射工作人员健康监护情况等。\u0000 结果 宝鸡市每万人拥有 X射线诊断设备1.13台, 每万人拥有放射治疗设备0.015台, CT的百万人口拥有量为11.4台。平均每万人拥有放射 诊疗工作人员2.92。医用放射人员2年内职业健康检查率87.7%,\u0000 个人剂量监测率90.4%, 2年内放射工作人员培训 率73.6%, 全市《放射工作人员证》持证率73.0%, 有职业健康档案率89.2%, 各项健康监护评价指标较低,\u0000 尤以乡镇医 院为甚(35.7%〜50.8%)。\u0000 结论 宝鸡市放射诊疗设备数量较少, 甲类大型设备几乎空白, 医用放射人员健康监护现状 市强县弱, 城乡差别悬殊。","PeriodicalId":58844,"journal":{"name":"中国辐射卫生","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44700993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Angular dependence of the optically stimulated luminescent dosimeter","authors":"Wang Qi, Yuan Jilong, Guo Zhaohui, Cheng Jinsheng","doi":"10.13491/J.ISSN.1004-714X.2021.01.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13491/J.ISSN.1004-714X.2021.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To study the angular dependence of optically stimulated luminescent dosimeter (OSLD)\u0000 with solid phantoms under SSDL radiation level 60Co radiation field, and to discuss the possibility of OSLD in volumetric modulated\u0000 arc therapy (VMAT) and other rotating irradiation dose audit.\u0000 Methods OSLDs were embedded in the two phantoms with the same size and material, respectively.\u0000 The phantom 1 was set to make the first OSLD perpendicular to the beam, and the phantom\u0000 2 was set to make the second OSLD parallel to the beam. The OSLDs were irradiated\u0000 at 8 angles: 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, 180°, –45°, –90, –135°. The counts of the OSLSs were\u0000 read and the response of each angle which normalized to 0° were calculated.\u0000 Results When the OSLDs are perpendicular to the beam, the angular response is between –6.76%\u0000 〜+1.5%, with the maximum angular dependence at 90° and –90°. When the OSLDs are parallel\u0000 to the beam, the angular response is between –1.74%〜+1.67%, below 2%.\u0000 Conclusion It is better to correct the sensitivity of dosimeters by Element Correction Factors\u0000 (ECF) for dose audit. Under the condition of rotating irradiation, OSLD shoud be set\u0000 parallel to the beam, which can better reduce the influence of angular dependence\u0000 and facilitate further application research of VMAT dose audit.\u0000 摘要： 目的 结合定制固体模体研宄光致发光剂量计(OSLD)在放疗水平 60Co标准辐射场中的角响应性能, 探讨OSLD在容积旋转调强放射治疗(VMAT)等旋转照射剂量核查中应用的可行性。\u0000 方法 将OSLD嵌入2个外观尺寸以 及材料均相同的定制固体模体, 模体1使OSLD与射线垂直, 模体2使OSLD与射线平行, 照射8个角度：0°、45°、 90°、135°、180°、–45°、–90°和–135°,\u0000 读取每个角度的OSLD计数, 计算每个角度相对于0°的角响应值。\u0000 结果 当OSLD 垂直于射线照射时, 角响应在–6.76%〜+1.5%, 90°和–90°角响应最大;当OSLD平行于射线照射时, 角响应在–1.74%〜 +1.67%,\u0000 均在± 2%以内。\u0000 结论 在实际工作中, 应先计算元件校正因子(ECF), 校正各剂量计对射线的灵敏度, 旋转 照射条件下, 将OSLD平行于射线入射方向放置, 能更好地降低角响应影响,\u0000 便于进一步开展VMAT剂量核查应用研宄。","PeriodicalId":58844,"journal":{"name":"中国辐射卫生","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49025078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring and analysis of radioactivity levels of environment samples and foods in Nanjing","authors":"Yan Qingqian, Yang Sheng, Zhang Jing, Liu Chunye","doi":"10.13491/J.ISSN.1004-714X.2021.01.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13491/J.ISSN.1004-714X.2021.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To obtainthe baseline data of the gross α and gross β radioactivity levels in environmental\u0000 samples and foods by the monitoring and analyzing the radioactivity levels in drinking\u0000 water, aerosols and commercial foods in Nanjing City.\u0000 Methods 15 types of samples, including water source, produced water, aerosol, chicken, pork,\u0000 stalk vegetable, root vegetable, fresh milk, leafy vegetable, flour, fruits, rice,\u0000 tea, fish and crab were collected. After pretreatment, LB4008 four-channel low background\u0000 α and β measuring instrument was used to measure the gross α and gross β radioactivity\u0000 concentrations.\u0000 Results The gross α and gross β activity concentrations of source water and produced water\u0000 in Nanjing from 2016 to 2019 were lower than the national limits. The gross α and\u0000 gross β activity concentrations in the source water were significantly higher than\u0000 those of the produced water (\u0000 P < 0.05). The mean activity concentration range of gross α and gross β in aerosol\u0000 were 0.16〜0.98 mBq/m\u0000 3 and 0.14〜2.15 mBq/m\u0000 3 from 2016 to 2019, and with no statistical difference in difference samples (\u0000 P > 0.05). The gross α and gross β activity concentration range of foods were 0.10〜17.00\u0000 Bq/kg and 22.20〜187.20 Bq/kg, of which the gross α and gross β activity concentration\u0000 in tea were significantly higher than that of other kinds of foods (\u0000 P < 0.05).\u0000 Conclusion The radioactivity level in drinking water, atmospheric aerosols and foods in Nanjing\u0000 were not contaminated by radioactive substances, and the gross α and gross β were\u0000 relatively stable.\u0000 摘要： 目的 通过对南京市饮用水、气溶胶及市售食品中总α和总β放射性水平监测和分析, 掌握本市环境介质和食 品中总α和总β放射性水平。\u0000 方法 采集水源水、出厂水、气溶胶、鸡肉、猪肉、茎菜、根菜、生鲜牛乳、叶菜、面粉、水 果、大米、茶叶、鱼及螃蟹 15 种样品, 将样品进行前处理后, 用LB4008型四路低本底αβ测量仪测定总α和总β活度\u0000 浓度。\u0000 结果 2016—2019年南京市水源水和出厂水总α和总β活度浓度均低于国家限值, 水源水中总α和总β活度 浓度均明显高于出厂水中总α和总β浓度活度（\u0000 P < 0.05);气溶胶中总α活度浓度范围为0.16〜0.98 mBq/m\u0000 3, 总β活度浓度均值为在0.14〜2.15 mBq/m\u0000 3,年度差异均无统计学意义（\u0000 P > 0.05);食品总α活度浓度范围为0.10〜17.00 Bq/kg, 总β活度浓度范围为22.20〜187.20 Bq/kg, 其中茶叶中总α和总β活度浓度明显高于其他种类食\u0000 品(\u0000 P < 0.05)。\u0000 结论 南京市饮用水、大气气溶胶及食品中α和总β放射性水平相对稳定, 未受到放射性物质污染。","PeriodicalId":58844,"journal":{"name":"中国辐射卫生","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43032933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harm of high LET radiation to the lens of the human eye","authors":"Deng Zhiqiang, Zhang Tangui, Xie Weimin, Gao Qi","doi":"10.13491/J.ISSN.1004-714X.2021.01.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13491/J.ISSN.1004-714X.2021.01.023","url":null,"abstract":"The biological effects of ionising radiation vary according to its linear energy transfer\u0000 (LET) density, with higher LET radiation having stronger biological effects than lower\u0000 LET radiation at the same absorbed dose. Though we have done more research in the\u0000 area of radiation effects on the ocular lens, we know little about the effects of\u0000 high LET on the ocular lens. This article briefly describes the historical changes\u0000 in the dose limits of the human ocular lens, investigates the epidemiology of high\u0000 LET radiation eye lens, summarizes various biological experiments of high LET particles,\u0000 and briefly analyzes the reasons for the high prevalence of cataracts in the plateau.\u0000 It also discusses the factors that need to be considered in the future research on\u0000 high LET, aiming to provide valuable information for the future research of high LET\u0000 eye lens in China.\u0000 摘要： 眼晶状体是人体对辐射最敏感的组织之一, 电离辐射的生物效应因其传能线密度 (linear energy transfer, LET) 的不同而不同, 同等吸收剂量条件下,\u0000 高 LET 辐射生物效应比低 LET 辐射更强, 尽管目前辐射对眼晶状体的影响这一 领域己经有了较多研宄, 但对于高 LET 对眼晶状体的影响知之甚少。本文简述人眼晶状体剂量限值的历史变化情况,\u0000 综述各种高 LET 粒子的生物学实验, 调查高 LET 辐射眼晶状体的流行病学, 简要分析高原白内障高患病率的原因, 并 初步讨论未来研宄高 LET 需要考虑的因素,\u0000 旨在为国内今后开展高 LET 辐射对人眼晶状体的研宄提供有价值的信息。","PeriodicalId":58844,"journal":{"name":"中国辐射卫生","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45271519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental research on partial dosimetric performance for eye lens dosimeter and ring dosimeter","authors":"Ding Yanqiu, Guo Wen, Huang Aiying, Wang Kaiyi","doi":"10.13491/J.ISSN.1004-714X.2021.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13491/J.ISSN.1004-714X.2021.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To compare the test results of domestic and imported eye lens and ring dosimeters,\u0000 and master some dosimetric performance indexes of eye lens and ring dosimeters.\u0000 Methods According to IEC 62387—2012 and GBZ 128—2019, the performance of the eye lens dosimeters\u0000 and ring dosimeters with the domestic thermoluminescence detectors were compared with\u0000 the imported thermoluminescence detectors in photon response. The dose response deviation\u0000 of the imported eye lens dosimeter and imported ring dosimeter was studied under the\u0000 same irradiation condition. The difference of linear response between imported ring\u0000 dosimeter and domestic ring dosimeter was studied under the same irradiation condition.\u0000 Results The same dose was irradiated to domestic and imported thermoluminescence detectors\u0000 in the imported eye lens and imported ring dosimeters, and the linear correlation\u0000 coefficient all met R\u0000 2 > 0.999. The maximum response deviation of the imported eye lens dosimeter and ring\u0000 dosimeter was less than 10.0% for the same dose. Two kinds of imported ring dosimeters\u0000 and one kind of domestic ring dosimeter were irradiated with the same dose, and the\u0000 linear correlation coefficient all met R\u0000 2 > 0.99.\u0000 Conclusion Both domestic detectors and imported detectors can meet the needs of monitoring requirements.\u0000 There was no obvious difference in linear response between imported ring dosimeter\u0000 and domestic ring dosimeter. The repeatability of imported eye lens dosimeter and\u0000 imported ring dosimeter met the performance requirements of the dosimeter.\u0000 摘要： 目的 比较国产与进口眼晶体、指环剂量计的部分性能测试结果, 掌握眼晶体、指环剂量计的部分剂量学性能 指标。\u0000 方法 依据IEC 62387—2012和GBZ 128—2019中性能要求, 分别使用国产和进口热释光探测器开展了眼晶 体剂量计和指环剂量计在光子响应下的性能对比实验;测试进口眼晶体和指环剂量计在相同照射条件下照射2次的\u0000 剂量响应偏差;测试进口指环剂量计和国产指环剂量计在相同照射条件下的线性响应区别。\u0000 结果 在眼晶体和指环剂 量计中分别使用国产热释光探测器和进口热释光探测器照射相同剂量, 线性相关系数均满足\u0000 R > 0.999;进口眼晶体 剂量计和指环剂量计2次照射相同剂量的响应偏差最大值均小于10.0%。两种进口指环剂量计和一种国产指环剂量 计照射相同剂量线性相关系数均满足\u0000 R > 0.99。\u0000 结论 国产探测器和进口探测器均能满足监测需要；进口指环剂量 计和国产指环剂量计线性响应区别不明显;进口眼晶体剂量计和进口指环剂量计重复性满足剂量计的性能要求。","PeriodicalId":58844,"journal":{"name":"中国辐射卫生","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45402144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}