{"title":"A combined integrable hierarchy with four potentials and its recursion operator and bi-Hamiltonian structure","authors":"Wen-Xiu Ma","doi":"10.1007/s12648-024-03364-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12648-024-03364-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Based on a specific matrix Lie algebra, we propose a spectral matrix with four potentials and generate its associated Liouville integrable Hamiltonian hierarchy. The zero curvature formulation and the trace identity are the basic tools. The Liouville integrability of the resulting hierarchy is shown by determining its recursion operator and bi-Hamiltonian structure. Two illustrative examples of generalized combined nonlinear Schrödinger equations and modified Korteweg-de Vries equations are explicitly presented. The success lies in introducing a specific <span>(4times 4)</span> spectral matrix which keads to an integrable hierarchy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":584,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Physics","volume":"99 3","pages":"1063 - 1069"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143431035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and analysis of low-loss and low-dispersion hybrid cladding tube antiresonant fiber for the THz regime","authors":"Maharaja Balaji, Sathiyan Samikannu","doi":"10.1007/s12648-024-03422-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12648-024-03422-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article aims to highlight the development of a novel antiresonant fiber with a hollow core and four elliptical and circular cladding tubes for terahertz communication applications. The fiber substrate material is Zeonex, and its performance is analyzed using COMSOL Multiphysics software with an operating frequency of 0.5<span>(-)</span>2.8 THz. Based on the variation of cladding tube dimensions, the fiber performance is analyzed with distinct tube thicknesses (t) of 0.08, 0.10, and 0.12 mm. This fiber model has been revealed low confinement loss (CL) of 1.02<span>(times 10^{-6})</span> <span>(dBcm^{-1})</span> at a tube thickness of 0.10 mm, negligible effective material loss (EML) of 6.36<span>(times 10^{-6})</span> <span>(dBcm^{-1})</span>, propagation loss of 9.50<span>(times 10^{-6})</span> <span>(dBcm^{-1})</span> and a broad low-loss transmission bandwidth of 0.9 THz. Additionally, it exhibits a near-flat zero dispersion bandwidth of 1.3 THz, a maximum power fraction of 99.9<span>(%)</span>, and a higher order mode extinction ratio (HOMER) of 220. Analysis was also made of confinement loss for the proposed fiber’s higher-order modes (HOMs).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":584,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Physics","volume":"99 5","pages":"1899 - 1908"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"One sided sequential sharing of tripartite nonlocality for pure and mixed three-qubit states","authors":"Sk Sahadat Hossain","doi":"10.1007/s12648-024-03331-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12648-024-03331-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tripartite nonlocality holds significant theoretical value and has numerous applications in quantum information and computation. With dichotomic measurement settings, several aspects of tripartite nonlocality are identified by violations of the Svetlichny inequality, Mermin inequality, the 46 facet inequalities of Sliwa, and the inequalities established by Bancal et al. Silva et al. explored the concept of nonlocality sharing among multiple copies of a party. This paper focuses on determining the number of observers who can simultaneously share distinct tripartite nonlocal correlations under a one-sided sequential measurement formalism. Specifically, we examine a scenario where three spatially separated parties-Alice, Bob, and multiple Charlies-share three spin- <span>(frac{1}{2})</span> particles. For multiple Charlies, we have identified constraints on <span>(theta)</span> (pure state) and <i>p</i> (mixed state), demonstrating the sequential sharing of various forms of tripartite nonlocality with a single Alice and Bob. Notably, under sequential measurement formalism, a non-maximally pure entangled state exhibits the same sharing capacity as a maximally entangled state.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":584,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Physics","volume":"99 2","pages":"581 - 590"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143110138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Superparamagnetism in the decorated square and triangular Blume-Capel Ising systems by mean-field theory","authors":"Aqeel Raad Ghafel, Hadey K. Mohamad","doi":"10.1007/s12648-024-03396-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12648-024-03396-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the molecular mean-field approximation, comparable studies have been done for decorated ferrimagnetic mixed spin square and triangular systems. Based on the Blume-Capel Ising model, it has been evaluated the results of the study. The proposed research paper has tested the square and triangular lattices for the effect of crystal fields and external magnetic fields on ferrimagnetic mixed spin-3/2 and spin-7/2 decorated devices, respectively. It is worth noting that spin-3/2 ions are located as nodal, and in the surroundings of the lattice, there are four or six other spin-7/2 ions. Therefore, one can create superparamagnetic behaviors by altering exchange interactions with various crystal fields or external magnetic fields. New features have been found that the mixed spin square or triangular decorated ferrimagnets make superparamagnetism in the different values of <span>(K_{B} T/left| {J_{2} } right|)</span>, with fixed values of D<sub>A</sub>/|J<sub>2</sub>|= 8, D<sub>B</sub>/|J<sub>2</sub>|= − 11, and J<sub>1</sub> = − 0.5, J<sub>2</sub> = 1, for mixed spin square and triangular lattices, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":584,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Physics","volume":"99 4","pages":"1347 - 1359"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xuantong Shi, Bo Wang, Zherui Cui, Jinjie Li, Hongwei Zhan
{"title":"Dual-functional grating splitter with high efficiency at the second-order Littrow incidence","authors":"Xuantong Shi, Bo Wang, Zherui Cui, Jinjie Li, Hongwei Zhan","doi":"10.1007/s12648-024-03418-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12648-024-03418-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, a novel dual-functional grating beam splitter is presented, designed to exhibit unique diffraction characteristics for transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarizations at the second Bragg incidence angle. Optimal grating parameters were derived using a combination of rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) and simulated annealing algorithm (SAA). For TE polarization, the 0th order diffraction efficiency reached 97.04%. For TM polarization, efficiencies for the 0th, -1st, and -2nd orders were 32.09%, 32.65%, and 32.15%, respectively. Validation of these results was performed using the finite element method (FEM), confirming the accuracy of the data. The beam splitter demonstrates promising diffraction efficiency and uniformity, suggesting its potential in the realm of optical communications.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":584,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Physics","volume":"99 5","pages":"1891 - 1898"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hierarchical microstructure in mesoporous SnO2 beads","authors":"Suresh Koppoju, Tarun Babu Mangalarapu, Easwaramoorthi Ramasamy","doi":"10.1007/s12648-024-03419-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12648-024-03419-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tin oxide (SnO<sub>2</sub>) mesoporous beads are a significant category of nanostructured materials with extensive applications in sensors and energy storage. In this study, we report the microstructural evolution of the mesoporous SnO<sub>2</sub> beads, particularly focusing on the formation of primary SnO<sub>2</sub> particles. The beads were synthesized through a solvothermal method and subsequently underwent heat treatment (calcination). The beads maintained a spherical shape regardless of the solvothermal temperature, which varied between 140 and 180 °C, causing the average bead size to increase from 120 to 550 nm. Initially, the beads were amorphous but became crystalline post-calcination at temperatures of 400 °C and above. SAXS data analysis indicated that the as-prepared beads contain a heterogeneous structure consisting of a tin-rich organic complex network with particle sizes ranging from 1.2 to 1.4 nm. Upon calcination at 300 °C and above, the size of these primary crystalline SnO<sub>2</sub> particles increases. It was determined from combined SAXS and XRD studies that these primary crystalline particles originate from an amorphous precursor in the as-prepared beads. The mesoporous structure forms only after calcination of the beads at 400 °C or higher due to the dissociation and evaporation of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), leaving empty spaces between the primary crystalline SnO<sub>2</sub> particles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":584,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Physics","volume":"99 5","pages":"1709 - 1719"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. ElMasfioui, S. Bahsine, M. M. Shabat, F. Lmai, A. Elbiyaali, F. Allali
{"title":"Optimizing the performance of perovskite-based organic solar cells via graphene integration as the hole transport layer: a comprehensive analysis","authors":"M. ElMasfioui, S. Bahsine, M. M. Shabat, F. Lmai, A. Elbiyaali, F. Allali","doi":"10.1007/s12648-024-03420-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12648-024-03420-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Perovskite solar cells <span>((PSCs))</span>, despite achieving efficiencies above <span>(25text{%})</span>, face concerns about structural stability due to organic compounds. This study focuses on modeling a stable, inorganic PSC using <span>(Cs{GeI}_{3})</span> within the SCAPS-1D framework. Employing carbon-based electron transport layers and copper-based hole transport layers, along with graphene integration, enhances electrical and thermal conductivity. Among four configurations, the n-perovskite/perovskite/CZTSSe/Gr arrangement exhibits promising results: <span>(1.1377 V)</span> <span>({V}_{oc})</span>, <span>(22.62 mA/c{m}^{2})</span> <span>({J}_{sc})</span>, <span>(87.42text{%})</span> fill factor, and a <span>(22.50text{%})</span> power conversion efficiency. The analysis explores factors impacting performance, such as quantum efficiency, electric field strength, interface properties, layer characteristics, doping concentration, and temperature. It also evaluates resistance factors, interface defects, and the influence of reflection coatings, presenting a comprehensive understanding of the introduced efficient <span>(PSC)</span> configuration in the context of inorganic materials, especially those with cesium incorporation.</p>","PeriodicalId":584,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Physics","volume":"99 5","pages":"1721 - 1737"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Hasseli, E. Sadeghi, M. Kanani, P. Rafieepour, S. Molavali, F. Sadeghfar
{"title":"Green, low-temperature annealed high cesium content perovskites for tandem solar cells","authors":"A. Hasseli, E. Sadeghi, M. Kanani, P. Rafieepour, S. Molavali, F. Sadeghfar","doi":"10.1007/s12648-024-03417-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12648-024-03417-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Developing suitable perovskite compositions for Si/Perovskite tandem solar cells that can match the stability and efficiency of existing technologies remains an active area of research and a significant challenge. Three perovskites with dominant cesium content using a fast low-temperature annealing method were synthesized to find a good candidate for a tandem configuration of solar cells. The green solvent DMSO is used to reduce air pollution. The perovskites were designed to have a bandgap near 1.7 eV, ideal for tandem solar cell applications. In this regard, the cesium in high concentration is used and synthesized a high bandgap perovskite. It is shown that the bandgap of the perovskite increases with cesium content. A COMSOL simulation is also provided to predict the efficiencies of the perovskite solar cells made by these perovskites.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":584,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Physics","volume":"99 5","pages":"1699 - 1707"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhancing microstructure and magnetic properties of ribbons of Cu–Co–Ti alloy through ball milling: experimental insights and theoretical perspectives","authors":"Sumit Chabri, Arijit Sinha, Madhumita Nath, Atul Bandyopadhyay, Gurudas Mandal","doi":"10.1007/s12648-024-03421-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12648-024-03421-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To create granular materials with exceptional magnetoresistance properties, immiscible alloys were ball-milled in RSP (rapid solidification processing) ribbon. A system based on copper (Cu–Co) has been investigated. For Cu–Co–Ti, a single supersaturated solid solution has been found. The addition of Ti to Cu–Co substantially increases its solid solubility. The evolution of phase (s) during rapid solidification, and mechanical alloying followed by isothermal annealing were characterized using various techniques including differential thermal analyzers, High-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. This study extensively used the superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer to observe magnetic behavior. The Cu–Co–Ti alloy from the ball milling RSP ribbon process was annealed at 550 °C for 1 h to get the favorable combination of magnetic characteristics. An in-depth theoretical analysis of the magnetic properties was conducted through the application of the 'VAMPIRE' software package, employing Monte Carlo Simulation as the underlying methodology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":584,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Physics","volume":"99 5","pages":"1741 - 1748"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ohood Ali AL-Sbaheen, Ahmed Al-Jamel, Mohamed Ghaleb Al-Masaeed
{"title":"Saturation effect in confined quantum systems with energy-dependent potentials","authors":"Ohood Ali AL-Sbaheen, Ahmed Al-Jamel, Mohamed Ghaleb Al-Masaeed","doi":"10.1007/s12648-024-03403-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12648-024-03403-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, we study the saturation effect in the energy or mass spectra of three quantum models with energy-dependent potentials: the harmonic oscillator, the hydrogen atom, and the heavy quarkonia. We used the method proposed in [García-Martínez (Phys Lett 373:3619, 2009)], which is based on studying various canonical point and gauge transformations applied to a function, <i>g</i>(<i>x</i>), multiplied by a given differential equation of known solutions as special orthogonal functions, that convert it into a Schrödinger-like equation. The first two models stem from implementing the method on the confluent hypergeometric differential of the well-known solutions <span>( _1 F_1)</span>, while the third model (heavy quarkonia) stems possibly from the hypergeometric differential of the well-known solutions <span>( _2 F_1)</span>. In particular, the heavy quarkonia mass spectra for both <span>(cbar{c})</span> and <span>(bbar{b})</span> are produced at different values of the saturation parameter <span>(lambda )</span> and compared with the available experimental data. It is found that these systems may exhibit saturation effect when the energy-dependent effect is included.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":584,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Physics","volume":"99 5","pages":"1805 - 1814"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}