Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Phytochemical composition and anticancer effects of Ardisia gigantifolia butanol extract subfractions: role of cell cycle arrest and senescence in cancer cell growth inhibition","authors":"Nguyet Mai Hua,&nbsp;Van Khang Pham,&nbsp;Son Hiep Pham,&nbsp;Thi Thanh Huong Le,&nbsp;Van Hung Hoang,&nbsp;Thi Kieu Oanh Nguyen,&nbsp;Hong Phuong Ngo,&nbsp;Phu Hung Nguyen","doi":"10.1186/s43094-026-00971-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43094-026-00971-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The development of anticancer drugs derived from medicinal plants has recently attracted increasing attention due to advantages such as abundant natural resources and reduced side effects for patients.The present study aimed to explore the phytochemical composition and anticancer potential of butanol extract and its subfractions derived from <i>Ardisia gigantifolia</i> leaves.</p><h3>Methods and results</h3><p>Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QToF-MS) analysis, 103 compounds were identified in the crude butanol extract, while 33–35 compounds were detected in each subfraction. MTT assay results showed that subfraction 5b (SubF5b) exhibited the strongest antiproliferative activity against MCF-7, MKN45, and AGS cancer cell lines, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 58.2 to 73.2 µg/mL, significantly lower than those of the crude extract and other subfractions, while showing low cytotoxicity toward normal breast epithelial MCF-10A cells. SubF5b induced G0/G1 phase arrest and pronounced cellular senescence, as evidenced by β-galactosidase staining. Molecular analyses showed significant downregulation of CDK4, CDK6, and CDK8, together with upregulation of the senescence markers P21 and P16 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Notably, P21 expression increased sevenfold at the mRNA level and 12-fold at the protein level. Proliferation markers Ki67 and PCNA were also significantly reduced (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), highlighting the potential of SubF5b as a multi-targeted anticancer agent.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study highlights the anticancer potential of <i>Ardisia gigantifolia</i>, particularly SubF5b, which exhibits strong antiproliferative and senescence-inducing effects in cancer cells. These findings support its potential as a promising candidate for the development of plant-based therapeutics targeting tumor growth and progression.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":577,"journal":{"name":"Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s43094-026-00971-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147561381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cutting-edge nanotechnology in diabetes care: metamorphosing diagnostics and treatment strategies","authors":"Shounak Sarkhel,&nbsp;Saikat Mollick Shuvo,&nbsp;Tanima Sarkar,&nbsp;Arindam Ghosh,&nbsp;Pritam Kapat,&nbsp;Ranu Biswas","doi":"10.1186/s43094-026-00941-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43094-026-00941-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Diabetes continues to pose a major challenge to the global health arena, while existing diagnostic and therapeutic toolkit are limited by invasive delivery methods, delayed glucose control, patient non-compliance, and long-term economic costs. These impediments have accelerated interest in nanotechnology-based methodologies to tackle diabetes.</p><h3>Main body of the abstract</h3><p>Recent advanced nano-systems have enabled the development of minimally invasive nanoscale glucose sensors and nanoparticle-derived imaging tools that facilitate continuous monitoring and early disease identification. In parallel, glucose-sensitive nanomaterials have been engineered to more closely replicate physiological insulin secretion. Nanocarrier platforms are also being explored for non-invasive insulin delivery, targeted gene silencing, and immunoprotective cell-based therapies aimed at preserving or restoring pancreatic β-cell function. Collectively, these approaches enhance sensitivity and targeting precision while advancing the prospect of closed-loop glycemic control. Despite this encouraging progression, a number of critical challenges persist. Concerns surrounding long-term biocompatibility and potential toxicity, inflammatory reactions to implantable systems, sensor instability, limitations in scalable manufacturing, and complex regulatory pathways continue to impede clinical translation. Moreover, a substantial proportion of nanotechnology-integrated solutions remain confined to preclinical research or early-stage clinical evaluation.</p><h3>Short conclusion</h3><p>While nanotechnology offers a compelling vision for the future of diabetes care, its translation into clinical practice demands thorough safety assessment, standardized frameworks, and evidence from large-scale clinical studies.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":577,"journal":{"name":"Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s43094-026-00941-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147561382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adjuvant therapies in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: mechanistic rationale and emerging clinical strategies","authors":"Mariam Gamal Elsayed,&nbsp;Amal A. El kholy,&nbsp;Eman Mohamed Elmokadem,&nbsp;Amir Eskander Hanna Samy,&nbsp;Hayam Ateyya","doi":"10.1186/s43094-026-00953-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43094-026-00953-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are critical clinical events that substantially contribute to morbidity, mortality, and healthcare utilization. Standard management with bronchodilators, systemic corticosteroids, and antibiotics remains central to acute care; however, these therapies incompletely address the complex and multifactorial pathophysiological processes that drive exacerbation severity, delayed recovery, and early readmission. Persistent oxidative stress, corticosteroid-resistant inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, systemic inflammatory activation, and metabolic dysfunction often continue despite optimal guideline-directed treatment.</p><h3>Main body</h3><p>This review synthesizes current evidence on pharmacological and non-pharmacological adjuvant therapies for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, integrating mechanistic rationale with emerging data from experimental and clinical studies. Pharmacological adjuvants—including thiol-based antioxidants and mucolytics, non-adrenergic bronchodilators, metabolic and mitochondrial modulators, and selected precision-targeted agents—may enhance standard therapy by restoring redox balance, improving mucus clearance, modulating inflammatory signaling, and supporting systemic recovery. In parallel, non-pharmacological interventions such as early pulmonary rehabilitation, nutritional optimization, individualized oxygen titration, and non-invasive ventilation target functional impairment and systemic stress that are insufficiently addressed by pharmacotherapy alone. The review also explores the potential utility of readily available systemic inflammatory biomarkers, including the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and composite inflammation indices, for risk stratification and individualized selection of adjuvant interventions. Key limitations of the current evidence base—such as heterogeneity in study design, variability in clinical endpoints, and underrepresentation of severe exacerbations—are critically discussed.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Integrating adjuvant therapies within a biomarker- and phenotype-informed framework represents a promising strategy to accelerate recovery, reduce early readmission, and improve short- and long-term outcomes in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Well-designed, biomarker-stratified randomized trials are needed to define the optimal selection, timing, and duration of adjuvant interventions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":577,"journal":{"name":"Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s43094-026-00953-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147561351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Note: Cordycepin alleviates osteoarthritis by inhibiting chondrocyte ferroptosis via Keap1/Nrf2 axis","authors":"Jianlei Li,&nbsp;Zuo Lv","doi":"10.1186/s43094-026-00965-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43094-026-00965-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":577,"journal":{"name":"Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s43094-026-00965-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147560889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fibrin-assisted nanocarrier systems: innovations and challenges in targeted carcinoma drug delivery","authors":"Dipti Sukumaran Chirakara,&nbsp;Shriya Ravindranath Lotlikar,&nbsp;Nageswara Rao Dunna,&nbsp;Sivaramakrishnan Venkatabalasubramanian","doi":"10.1186/s43094-026-00947-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43094-026-00947-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Fibrin nanoparticles, being non-immunogenic, non-toxic, and biodegradable, can serve as a suitable drug-delivery system for selectively targeting tumors.</p><h3>Main body of the abstract</h3><p>In this review, we summarize the current state of the literature on fibrin-based nanoplatforms, emphasizingtheir preparation and conjugation strategies, as well as their applications in tumor therapy. A comprehensive search was performed in the available databases, including PubMed, Semantic Scholar, and Web of Science. Our main findings are that the self-assembled fibrin nanoplatform enables programmable chemotherapeutic release kinetics, with increased bioavailability and enhanced passive and active tumor targeting. This reduces systemic toxicity owing to the biocompatibility of fibrin polymers designed for clinical use. Furthermore, experimental data highlight the successful implementation of fibrin nanoplatforms combined with chemotherapeutics and immunotherapeutics to improve therapeutic efficacy. The review also explains the difficulties of scalability and the need for a comprehensive clinical dataset.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This review highlights fibrin biopolymer nanoplatforms as versatile modules for carcinoma therapy, potentially stimulating further research and clinical advancement. Fibrin biopolymer nanoplatforms have numerous applications in pharmaceutical and clinical theranostics as drug-delivery systems for various carcinomas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":577,"journal":{"name":"Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s43094-026-00947-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147560987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-hormonal treatments for hot flashes in breast cancer patients: a narrative review","authors":"Fatma Abdalkarim Ibrahim,&nbsp;Nouran Omar El Said,&nbsp;Emad Shash,&nbsp;Hayam Ateyya","doi":"10.1186/s43094-026-00951-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43094-026-00951-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Hot flashes represent a major and clinically significant global health challenge, affecting a large proportion of women in midlife, with a higher burden observed in African regions and low-income settings compared with high-income countries. These vasomotor symptoms are also common after menopause and are particularly prevalent among breast cancer patients receiving endocrine therapy, where they can substantially impair quality of life and adherence to treatment. Although hormone replacement therapy is effective in relieving vasomotor symptoms, its contraindication in hormone receptor–positive breast cancer creates a clear therapeutic gap and highlights the urgent clinical need for well-validated, safe, and effective non-hormonal treatment strategies that can be integrated into routine breast cancer care.</p><p>Main body.</p><p>Hot flashes, a common and distressing symptom in cancer patients, result from estrogen withdrawal and involve hypothalamic thermoregulatory changes as well as altered serotonergic and noradrenergic signaling. Although many interventions are being explored, relatively few have demonstrated clear, safe, and effective clinical benefits. Non-hormonal management strategies include lifestyle modifications, complementary therapies, and pharmacological treatments. Behavioral approaches such as relaxation, yoga, and paced breathing may offer modest and variable relief, while complementary interventions like acupuncture, vitamin E, soy, and phytoestrogens have shown mixed results. Pharmacological options, including SSRIs (e.g., paroxetine, escitalopram), SNRIs (e.g., venlafaxine, desvenlafaxine), and gabapentin, have shown more consistent reductions in hot flash frequency and severity (25–69%) in clinical studies, though potential interactions with tamoxifen should be carefully considered. This review aims to critically evaluate current non-hormonal treatments options for hot flashes, focusing on key endpoints reported in recent clinical trials, and to propose prospective future directions. The review specifically addresses women receiving hormonal therapy for breast cancer.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Pharmacological non-hormonal treatments currently provide the most reliable relief from hot flashes, supporting adherence to therapy and improving quality of life in breast cancer patients. Behavioral and complementary interventions may supplement care, but further research is needed to refine long-term strategies, ensure safety, and enhance patient adherence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":577,"journal":{"name":"Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s43094-026-00951-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147561135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomimetic pulmonary drug delivery systems for COVID-19 management: current status, challenges, and future perspectives","authors":"Kiramat Ali Shah,&nbsp;Anam Razzaq,&nbsp;Amos Dormocara,&nbsp;Serag Eldin I. Elbehairi,&nbsp;Ali A. Shati,&nbsp;Mohammad Y. Alfaifi,&nbsp;Haroon Iqbal,&nbsp;Jing-Hao Cui","doi":"10.1186/s43094-026-00962-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43094-026-00962-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>A biomimetic drug delivery system is a sophisticated method that mimics biological systems to deliver drugs to specific sites in the body. The development of biomimetic drug delivery systems holds significant promise for revolutionizing medicine by improving drug efficacy, patient adherence, and overall treatment outcomes.</p><h3>Main body</h3><p>Herein, we discuss various challenges to bioinspired pulmonary drug delivery, strategies to circumvent these challenges, and biomimetic carriers for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) management. By emulating natural biological processes, a pulmonary drug delivery system can enhance drug delivery to target sites in the body, such as the lungs, where COVID-19 primarily replicates. This targeted approach may improve the drug’s efficacy while minimizing systemic side effects. By using biomimetic carriers, such as nanoparticles (NPs) or liposomes inspired by natural structures, researchers aim to develop a more precise and efficient drug delivery system to combat COVID-19. Such advancements could lead to improved patient outcomes, reduced drug dosages, and potentially quicker recovery times for individuals affected by the virus. In addition, owing to their low toxicity, excellent biocompatibility, and lower immunogenicity, cellular membranes, pulmonary surfactant (PS), and other macromolecular components used in pulmonary drug delivery were investigated. This evaluation is organized into four sections for clarity. We initially provide an overview of PS and its significance for lung drug delivery. Secondly, we examine the principal physiological obstacles that restrict pulmonary delivery. Third, we delineate formulations and biomimetic approaches to overcome these obstacles. Ultimately, we emphasize bioinspired carrier platforms for the management of COVID-19 and end with existing deficiencies and future outlooks.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Overall, the application of biomimetic drug delivery systems in COVID-19 management shows great promise in advancing treatment strategies for infectious diseases like the current pandemic.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":577,"journal":{"name":"Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s43094-026-00962-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147560511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspectives of healthcare professionals in quality improvement initiatives on reducing medication errors in Aseer hospitals, Saudi Arabia","authors":"Jawharah Alqahtani,&nbsp;Sukainah Almatouq,&nbsp;Abeer Al Ghanim,&nbsp;Salah Alshagrawi","doi":"10.1186/s43094-026-00950-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43094-026-00950-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Medication safety remains a critical priority in healthcare systems worldwide, and quality improvement (QI) initiatives have been increasingly adopted to reduce medication errors. In Saudi Arabia’s Aseer region, there is limited evidence on the challenges and factors that influence the successful implementation of QI initiatives.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study explored healthcare professionals’ perceptions of QI initiatives for medication safety and identified key barriers, facilitators, and success indicators. </p><h3>Methods</h3><p>A qualitative design was employed using semi-structured interviews with 18 healthcare professionals, including nurses, pharmacists, and physicians, from public and private hospitals in the Aseer region. Participants were purposively sampled to ensure diversity in professional roles and clinical experience. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically using an inductive approach.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The study included 18 healthcare professionals from three hospitals in the Aseer region. Three main themes emerged: (1) barriers such as staffing shortages, workload pressures, system gaps, resistance to change, and cultural factors; (2) enablers including technology use, staff training, effective reporting, and a just culture; and (3) success defined by measurable outcomes and staff engagement, with sustainability relying on leadership commitment and shared responsibility. Overall, participants emphasized that reducing medication errors requires integrated strategies that combine technical solutions with strong leadership and team collaboration.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The study highlights that sustainable medication safety improvement requires integrated strategies that address human, technical, and cultural factors. Policymakers and hospital leaders should strengthen staffing capacity, promote non-punitive reporting, invest in fully integrated health IT systems, and embed QI into everyday clinical practice. These context-specific findings can inform regional and national strategies to reduce medication errors and enhance patient safety outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":577,"journal":{"name":"Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s43094-026-00950-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147560094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of plants and phytochemicals in promoting proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of dental mesenchymal stem cells: a comprehensive review","authors":"Hala El-Zahar,&nbsp;Essam Abdel-Sattar,&nbsp;Marwa Yousry Moustafa Issa,&nbsp;Shereen N. Raafat,&nbsp;Noha Swilam","doi":"10.1186/s43094-026-00943-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43094-026-00943-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Dental mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a promising source for regenerative medicine due to their accessibility and capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts and other lineages. Osteogenic differentiation of dental MSCs is essential for bone formation and is regulated by multiple signaling pathways, cytokines, growth factors, and transcription factors. This review aims to summarize the effects of plant-derived extracts and phytochemicals on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of dental MSCs.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this review, an extensive literature search was conducted covering studies from the past 10 years, using different online databases (SCOPUS, Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct). The following keywords related to plants, phytochemical compounds, dental MSCs proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, stem cells, periodontal ligament stem cells, osteogenic markers expression, and key signaling pathways.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Numerous plant extracts and isolated phytochemicals, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, terpenoids, polysaccharides, and alkaloids, enhanced dental MSC proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralization, and expression of osteogenic markers. These effects were primarily mediated through modulation of key bone-related signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, BMP/Smad, PI3K/Akt, and ERK/MAPK, alongside anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions. Several compounds demonstrated superior biocompatibility relative to conventional agents.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Plant-derived compounds may provide safer and more effective options to enhance the osteogenic differentiation of dental MSCs and could serve as alternatives or complements to conventional osteogenic agents, supporting the need for further preclinical and clinical studies.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":577,"journal":{"name":"Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s43094-026-00943-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147560082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the potential of SGLT2 inhibitors in Alzheimer’s disease: network pharmacology, molecular docking, and MD simulation study","authors":"Roney Miah,&nbsp;Iqrar Ahmad,&nbsp;Mohd Imran,&nbsp;Ammar A. Razzak Mahmood,&nbsp;Mohd Fadhlizil Fasihi Mohd Aluwi","doi":"10.1186/s43094-026-00963-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43094-026-00963-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exhibit similar clinical characteristics and are increasingly prevalent in developed countries. Both conditions pose significant public health challenges, prompting research into effective treatments and preventive strategies. This study employs network pharmacology, molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, principal component analysis (PCA), free energy landscape (FEL), molecular mechanics generalized born surface area (MMGBSA) and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) and drug-likeness to explore the mechanisms by which sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors may treat AD.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>A comprehensive search identified 1153 targets for SGLT2 inhibitors via SwissTargetPrediction and SuperPred databases, alongside 716 targets for AD from UniProt. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network highlighted 19 shared targets. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses indicated that the Alzheimer disease signaling pathway (hsa05010), involving proteins such as GSK3B, APP, ADAM10, CAPN1, HSD17B10, and GAPDH, could mediate the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors. Molecular docking studies revealed that canagliflozin binds effectively to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), forming hydrogen bonds with residues Arg11, Asn32, and Arg78, achieving a binding affinity of − 8.9 kcal/mol. Furthermore, 200 ns MD simulations assessed the stability of the canagliflozin–GAPDH complex, analyzing parameters like RMSD, RMSF and hydrogen bonding to elucidate binding interactions. PCA and FEL analyses revealed that canagliflozin occupies a more stable and energetically favorable conformational space, indicating superior dynamic stability compared with rivastigmine system. MMGBSA binding free energy analysis demonstrated that canagliflozin exhibited a significantly stronger binding affinity (− 43.63 ± 5.64 kcal/mol) compared with rivastigmine (− 26.38 ± 5.96 kcal/mol). Furthermore, canagliflozin possesses favorable drug-like features supporting its repurposing potential, further optimization and validation are required to enhance its therapeutic applicability in AD.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The results suggest that canagliflozin maintains stable interactions with GAPDH, potentially contributing to its potential binding affinity against AD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":577,"journal":{"name":"Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s43094-026-00963-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}