Functional Composite Materials最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the effect of block copolymer architecture and concentration on the microstructure, electrical conductivity and rheological properties of PP/PS blend nanocomposites","authors":"Lilian Azubuike,&nbsp;Uttandaraman Sundararaj","doi":"10.1186/s42252-022-00031-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42252-022-00031-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The interface between polymer matrices and nanofillers is critical for efficient interaction to achieve the desired final properties. In this work, block copolymers were utilized to control the interface and achieve optimum interfacial interaction. Specifically, we studied the compatibilizing effects of styrene-ethylene/butadiene-styrene (SEBS) and styrene-ethylene/propylene (SEP) block copolymers on the morphology, conductivity, and rheological properties of polypropylene-polystyrene (PP/PS) immiscible blend with 2 vol% multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) at different blend compositions of PP/PS 80:20, 50:50 and 20:80.</p><p>MWCNTs induced co-continuity in PP/PS blends and did not obstruct with the copolymer migration to the interface. Copolymers at the interface led to blend morphology refinement. Adding block copolymers at a relatively low concentration of 1 vol% to compatibilize the PP/PS 80:20 blend substantially increased the electrical conductivity from 5.15*10⁻⁷S/cm for the uncompatibilized blend to 1.07*10⁻²S/cm for the system with SEP and 1.51*10⁻³S/m for the SEBS system. These values for the compatibilized blends are about 4 orders of magnitude higher due to the interconnection of the droplet domains. For the PP/PS 50:50 blend, the SEBS copolymer resulted in a huge increase in conductivity at above 3 vol% concentration (conductivity increased to 3.49*10⁻³S/cm from 5.16*10⁻⁷S/cm). Both the conductivity and the storage modulus increased as the SEBS copolymer content was increased. For the PP/PS 20:80 blend, we observed an initial decrease in conductivity at lower copolymer concentrations (1–3 vol%) and then an increase in conductivity to values higher than the uncompatibilized system, but only at a higher copolymer concentration of 10 vol%. The triblock copolymer (SEBS), which had 60 wt% PS content, shows a more significant increase in rheological properties compared to the diblock copolymer (SEP). The morphology shows that the interaction between MWCNT and PS is stronger than the interaction between MWCNT and PP, hence there is selective localization of the nanofiller in the PS phase as predicted by Young’s equation and by molecular simulation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":576,"journal":{"name":"Functional Composite Materials","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://functionalcompositematerials.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s42252-022-00031-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4484841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon composites from iron-chelating pyridine nitrogen-rich coordinated nanosheets for oxygen reduction","authors":"Bing Zhang,&nbsp;Hele Guo,&nbsp;Longsheng Zhang,&nbsp;Xu Zhang,&nbsp;Chao Zhang,&nbsp;Tianxi Liu","doi":"10.1186/s42252-022-00030-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42252-022-00030-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The exploration of a noble-metal-free and nitrogen-doped carbon (M–N/C) composite electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) remains a great challenge. The activities of the M–N/C composite electrocatalysts are mainly affected by the metal active sites, pyridinic nitrogen, and graphitic nitrogen. In the present work, the iron-coordinated self-assembly is proposed for the preparation of iron-chelating pyridine nitrogen-rich coordinated nanosheet (IPNCN) composites as electrocatalysts. Due to the highly conjugated structure of the IPNCN precursor, the pyridine nitrogen elements at both ends of the tetrapyrido [3,2-<i>a</i>:2<i>'</i>,3<i>'</i>-<i>c</i>:3<i>''</i>,2<i>''</i>-<i>h</i>:2<i>'''</i>,3<i>'''</i>-<i>j</i>] phenazine (TP) provide the multiple ligands, and the coordination interactions between the irons and the pyridine nitrogen further improve the thermodynamic stability, where the metal active sites and nitrogen elements are uniformly distributed in the whole structure. The resultant IPNCN composites exhibit excellent ORR performance with an onset potential of 0.93 V and a half potential of 0.84 V. Furthermore, the IPNCN composite electrocatalysts show the higher methanol resistance and electrochemical durability than the commercial Pt/C catalysts. It could be convinced that the as-designed IPNCN composite catalysts would be a promising alternative to the noble metal Pt-based catalysts in the practical applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":576,"journal":{"name":"Functional Composite Materials","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://functionalcompositematerials.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s42252-022-00030-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4581435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superhydrophobic micro-nanofibers from PHBV-SiO2 biopolymer composites produced by electrospinning","authors":"Saad Rabbani,&nbsp;Reza Jafari,&nbsp;Gelareh Momen","doi":"10.1186/s42252-022-00029-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42252-022-00029-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electrospinning is a relatively simple technique for producing continuous fibers of various sizes and morphologies. In this study, an intrinsically hydrophilic poly(3-hydroxybutarate-<i>co</i>-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) biopolymer strain was electrospun from a solution under optimal processing conditions to produce bilayers of beadless micro-fibers and beaded nano-fibers. The fibrous mats produced from the pure PHBV solution exhibited hydrophilicity with complete wetting. Incorporation of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) treated silica into the electrospinning solutions resulted in a non-wetting state with increased fiber roughness and enhanced porosity; however, the fiber mats displayed high water droplet-adhesion. The SiO₂–incorporated fibrous mats were then treated with stearic acid at an activation temperature of 80 °C. This treatment caused fiber surface plasticization, creating a tertiary hierarchical roughness owing to the interaction of PHBV chains with the polar carboxyl groups of the stearic acid. Scanning electron microscopy was used to assess the influence of the electrospinning process parameters and the incorporation of nanoparticles on surface morphology of the fibers; energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the presence of SiO₂ nanoparticles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was performed to study the incorporation of SiO₂ and the interaction of stearic acid with PHBV at various concentrations. The chemical interaction between stearic acid and PHBV was confirmed, while SiO₂ nanoparticles were successfully incorporated into the PHBV fibers at concentrations up to 4.5% by weight. The incorporation of nanoparticles and plasticization altered the thermal properties of PHBV and a decrease in crystalline fraction was observed. The stearic acid modified bilayers produced from the micro-nano-fibrous composites showed very low water droplet sticking, a roll off angle of approximately 4° and a high static contact angle of approximately 155° were achieved.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000 <figure><div><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></div></figure>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":576,"journal":{"name":"Functional Composite Materials","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://functionalcompositematerials.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s42252-022-00029-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4927277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging, hybrid & smart composites","authors":"Christophe Binetruy,&nbsp;Véronique Michaud","doi":"10.1186/s42252-021-00028-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42252-021-00028-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":576,"journal":{"name":"Functional Composite Materials","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://functionalcompositematerials.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s42252-021-00028-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83675180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable polymer composites: functionality and applications","authors":"Fengwei Xie","doi":"10.1186/s42252-021-00027-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42252-021-00027-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":576,"journal":{"name":"Functional Composite Materials","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://functionalcompositematerials.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s42252-021-00027-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88571698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ionic liquid-plasticised composites of chitosan and hybrid 1D and 2D nanofillers","authors":"Pei Chen,&nbsp;Fengwei Xie,&nbsp;Fengzai Tang,&nbsp;Tony McNally","doi":"10.1186/s42252-021-00026-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42252-021-00026-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The focus of this research was to study the effect of combining nanofillers with different geometry and surface chemistry on the structure and properties of biopolymers as an alternative to traditional plastics. How the inclusion of 2D graphene oxide (GO) or reduced GO (rGO) combined with 1D sepiolite (SPT) or cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) affect the structure and properties of chitosan and chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) materials was investigated. A 3D interconnected microstructure formed, composed of GO and SPT due to the strong interactions between these hydrophilic nanofillers. The chitosan/CMC/GO/SPT composite had the highest tensile strength (77.5 ± 1.2 MPa) and Young’s modulus (1925.9 ± 120.7 MPa). For the un-plasticised matrices, hydrophobic rGO nanosheets generally hindered the interaction of SPT or CNCs with the polysaccharides (chitosan and CMC) and consequently, composite properties were mainly determined by the rGO. However, for the chitosan matrix plasticised by 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([C₂mim][OAc]), rGO + CNCs or rGO + SPT disrupted polymer chain interactions more effectively than the nanofillers when added alone and resulted in the chitosan being more plasticised, as shown by increased chain mobility, ductility, and surface hydrophilicity. For the [C₂mim][OAc]-plasticised chitosan/CMC matrix, the advantages of including hybrid fillers, rGO + CNCs or rGO + SPT, were also obtained, resulting in higher thermal stability and surface hydrophobicity.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000 <div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":576,"journal":{"name":"Functional Composite Materials","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://functionalcompositematerials.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s42252-021-00026-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81673360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The journey of polycarbonate-based composites towards suppressing electromagnetic radiation","authors":"Kumari Sushmita,&nbsp;Giridhar Madras,&nbsp;Suryasarathi Bose","doi":"10.1186/s42252-021-00025-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42252-021-00025-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electronic devices’ widespread usage has led to a new form of pollution, known as electromagnetic (EM) pollution, causing serious problems like equipment malfunctioning and affecting its reliability. This review article presents a comprehensive literature survey on the various polycarbonate (PC)-based materials for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding applications comprising of PC-based composites, blend composites, foams, and more recently, multilayered architectures. Following the state-of-the-art literature available from the previous decade, it is apparent that the properties (conductivity, permittivity and permeability) of nanofiller/fillers and nanocomposite processing/fabrication techniques control the EMI shielding properties in PC-based materials. Researchers have explored a variety of fillers, but high aspect ratio carbonaceous nanofillers have gained significant attention. Through morphological modifications of PC composites, one can obtain a percolation threshold as low as 0.021 wt% of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). However, higher connectivity of conductive filler need not necessarily lead to high EMI shielding performance. Thus, detailed insight into the shielding mechanism is also highlighted. This review article will help researchers design PC-based materials with superior EMI shielding performance coupled with good mechanical stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":576,"journal":{"name":"Functional Composite Materials","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://functionalcompositematerials.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s42252-021-00025-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75793317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of curing on emulsion cold mix asphalts and their extracted binder","authors":"Amélie Thiriet,&nbsp;Vincent Gaudefroy,&nbsp;Emmanuel Chailleux,&nbsp;Jean-Michel Piau,&nbsp;Frédéric Delfosse,&nbsp;Christine Leroy","doi":"10.1186/s42252-021-00024-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42252-021-00024-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper focuses on the physicochemical changes that happen in cold mix asphalts during curing, and more specifically, while and after transitioning to different simulated seasons. Several tests were carried out in order to better grasp the influence of the weather (temperature and humidity) on the curing of such materials. The mechanical behaviour of the mix was assessed using oedometer tests. The physicochemical evolutions of extracted binders, such as oxidation and rheology, were evaluated. The results show stiffening of the mix and ageing of the binder linked to a higher temperature and a lower humidity. A low temperature and high moisture seem to slow down these evolutions. However the binder behaviour does not explain the whole mix behaviour as the kinetics between them are not always similar. Thus other mechanisms are yet to be found and taken into account to fully understand cold mix asphalts behaviour.</p>","PeriodicalId":576,"journal":{"name":"Functional Composite Materials","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s42252-021-00024-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4501898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the effect of tufts contribution on the in-plane mechanical properties of flax fibre reinforced green biocomposite","authors":"M. Rashid,&nbsp;J. L. Hanus,&nbsp;K. Chetehouna,&nbsp;K. Khellil,&nbsp;Z. Aboura,&nbsp;N. Gascoin","doi":"10.1186/s42252-021-00019-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42252-021-00019-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Traditional laminated composites have fibres oriented only in the in-plane of the laminate due to their manufacturing process, and are therefore very susceptible to transverse cracking and delamination from out-of-plane actions. Delamination can considerably reduce the load bearing capacity of a structure hence several reinforcement solutions, based on the principle to add out-of-plane reinforcement to the 2D fabric, have been explored to enhance the delamination resistance. However, the usual textile technologies for Z-reinforcement such as weaving, knitting, stitching, z-pinning, and tufting generates perturbations that may alter the in-plane mechanical properties. Although tufting is a single needle and single thread based one side stitching (OSS) technique which can incorporate almost tension free through the thickness reinforcement in a material, various types of microstructural defects may be created during the manufacturing process and lead to a degradation of the in-plane properties of the composite. Moreover, due to awareness in environmental concerns, the development and use of eco-friendly biocomposites to replace synthetic ones has been increasing.</p><p>This research work investigates the effect on in plane mechanical properties of adding through the thickness reinforcement (TTR) by tufting in a flax based composite laminate to improve the transversal strength. The glass fibre tufted laminates of 550?g/m² flax fibre were moulded using a 38% biobased thermoset resin by vacuum bag resin transfer moulding (VBRTM). The tufted and un-tufted in-plane mechanical properties of green biocomposite were determined in tension, compression and shear in accordance with ASTM 3039, ASTM D7137 and EN ISO 14130, using universal INSTRON 1186 and MTS 20?M testing machines. The quantification of the in-plane mechanical properties established a reduction of the in plane tensile mechanical properties, due to tufting, whereas the reduction effects are marginal in compression. As expected, the glass fibre tufts strength the connection between core and skin of the composite so that the interlaminar shear strength, deduced from flexural tests with small span-to-thickness ratio, is increased. Thanks to Digital Image Correlation (DIC) performed during shear tests, an increase in interlaminar shear modulus is highlighted.</p>","PeriodicalId":576,"journal":{"name":"Functional Composite Materials","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4324080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface functionalization of thermoset composite for infrared hybrid welding","authors":"Henri Perrin,&nbsp;Grégory Mertz,&nbsp;Noha-Lys Senoussaoui,&nbsp;Loïc Borghini,&nbsp;Sébastien Klein,&nbsp;Régis Vaudemont","doi":"10.1186/s42252-021-00021-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42252-021-00021-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fusion assembly is a highly promising technique for joining thermoplastic composite to thermoset composites, enabling the use of both the most affordable composite material and process for each substructure. However, some major challenges need to be addressed such as functionalizing the thermoset composite surface through co-curing with an appropriate thermoplastic interlayer or realizing a fast and robust welding process that meets all quality and mechanical requirements. In this paper, we investigated the potential of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and its amorphous (PEEK A) and semicristalline (PEEK SC) states as interlayer materials, co-cured onto thermoset composites. A surface preparation involving the atmospheric plasma process demonstrated that both PEEK state materials can be used as interlayer with favorable adhesion properties. The influence of the plasma treatment on surface properties and morphology was also experimentally characterized.</p>","PeriodicalId":576,"journal":{"name":"Functional Composite Materials","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4236941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}