老年问题研究(英文)最新文献_第3页

Standardized Ginkgo Biloba Extract in the Treatment of Vertigo and/or Tinnitus: A Review of the Literature 标准银杏叶提取物治疗眩晕和/或耳鸣:文献综述

老年问题研究(英文) Pub Date : 2021-03-31 DOI: 10.4236/AAR.2021.102002

B. Hallak, A. Schneider, D. Güntensperger, A. Schapowal

{"title":"Standardized Ginkgo Biloba Extract in the Treatment of Vertigo and/or Tinnitus: A Review of the Literature","authors":"B. Hallak, A. Schneider, D. Güntensperger, A. Schapowal","doi":"10.4236/AAR.2021.102002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AAR.2021.102002","url":null,"abstract":"Standardized Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) is an established herbal treatment used for a variety of indications, including vertigo and/or tinnitus. The evidence base in human clinical studies for a clear benefit of GBE in vertigo and/or tinnitus is limited and contradictory due to poor reporting as well as variations in study quality and outcome measures used. The aim of this review is to identify and discuss the rationale for using GBE in the treatment of vertigo and/or tinnitus based on the known pleiotropic actions of GBE and the pathophysiology of vertigo and/or tinnitus. The rationale will be substantiated by a review of the literature in order to identify and evaluate clinical trials investigating the efficacy of GBE in individuals with vertigo and/or tinnitus. The review identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effectiveness of GBE in vertigo and/or tinnitus published in PubMed up to 1st January 2020. In total, 17 RCTs were included 8 of the 9 studies investigating tinnitus and/or vertigo/dizziness found improvements, and 6 of 8 included studies investigating solely tinnitus showed positive effects. Based on the known mechanisms of action of GBE as well as evidence from animal models and human clinical trials identified in this review, GBE is a rational alternative treatment that might provide benefits to individuals with vertigo and/or tinnitus. However, further well-defined RCTs in patients with defined pathological entities are necessary to further substantiate the beneficial effects of GBE for vertigo and/or tinnitus.","PeriodicalId":56467,"journal":{"name":"老年问题研究(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41867820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Clothing Needs for Wheelchair Users: A Systematic Literature Review 轮椅使用者的服装需求:系统的文献回顾

老年问题研究(英文) Pub Date : 2021-01-31 DOI: 10.4236/AAR.2021.101001

Qilong Feng, C. Hui

{"title":"Clothing Needs for Wheelchair Users: A Systematic Literature Review","authors":"Qilong Feng, C. Hui","doi":"10.4236/AAR.2021.101001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AAR.2021.101001","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to identify the clothing needs of wheelchair \u0000users using relevant literatures in a global scale and to design a method to \u0000classify the clothing needs into a unified system, in order to generate a map \u0000of wheelchair users’ clothing needs with the information from multiple \u0000resources. The paper reviewed the previous studies about clothing needs and \u0000preference of wheelchair users. A three-tier screening was designed to extract \u0000main findings from the relevant literature. Content analysis and statistical \u0000analysis were used to integrate the information and identify implications. Information \u0000was categorized to represent the attributes of the clothing needs. The paper \u0000provides comprehensive insights about the specific barriers and abstract \u0000demands about the clothing needs of wheelchair users regarding their preference for apparel products. Eight essential attributes relating to the clothing \u0000needs of wheelchair users were identified: functional needs, fit attribute \u0000fabric and fiber, safety issue, aesthetic needs, expressive needs, quality of \u0000life, and extrinsic attributes. The attributes were classified into two general \u0000domains, reflecting the physical challenges and psychological desires of wheelchair \u0000users.","PeriodicalId":56467,"journal":{"name":"老年问题研究(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48175454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Living Arrangement of Older People: A Study of Community Living Elderly from Nepal 老年人居住安排:尼泊尔社区生活老年人研究

老年问题研究(英文) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/aar.2021.106008

S. Singh, Amrita Upadhyay, H. Chalise

{"title":"Living Arrangement of Older People: A Study of Community Living Elderly from Nepal","authors":"S. Singh, Amrita Upadhyay, H. Chalise","doi":"10.4236/aar.2021.106008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aar.2021.106008","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Aging has caused changes in the structure of families that raises reflections on the sustainability of the traditional models of family care for older adults. The aim of this article is to analyze the situation of living arrangements of Nepalese older people. Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of structured interview data collected by the Central Department of Population Studies at Tribhuvan University (TU) via a cross-sectional survey of community-dwelling persons aged 60+ in the Pharping area of Kathmandu. For this study, there were 1326 valid responses. Results: Findings show over four-fifths of respondents (81.3%) were living with family members, far more than with a spouse only (11.6%), alone (6.2%), and others (0.9%). The proportion of Populace residing alone tends to increase with the increase in age of respondents; more widowers tend to live alone compared to those in marital unions; more elderly males without living children tend to live alone compared to those who have at least one living child. The sex of the respondents, marital status, ethnicity, income situation, and feeling of insecurity have significant differences in the living arrangement of older people in this study. Conclusion: Traditionally, Nepalese older adults are contented to live with their family members. The government of Nepal should promote the traditional living arrangements of older people through some incentives providing for family members taking care of their senior citizens.","PeriodicalId":56467,"journal":{"name":"老年问题研究(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70447878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Virgin Coconut Oil Improved Discriminative Learning and Working Memory in Aging Cycling and Non-Cycling Female Sprague-Dawley Rats Supporting Its Beneficial Effect in Retarding Age-Related Cognitive Decline 初生椰子油改善衰老循环和非循环雌性sd - dawley大鼠的鉴别学习和工作记忆，支持其对延缓年龄相关认知衰退的有益作用

老年问题研究(英文) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/aar.2021.105006

L. Young, Brittany Smith, Annice Webber-Waugh, K. Thaxter

引用次数: 1

Treatment of Elderly Bedridden Patients with Removable Dentures to Promote Their Daily Physical Activities: A Case-Control Study 使用活动义齿促进老年卧床病人日常身体活动:一项病例对照研究

老年问题研究(英文) Pub Date : 2020-11-09 DOI: 10.4236/aar.2020.96009

Y. Fujii

{"title":"Treatment of Elderly Bedridden Patients with Removable Dentures to Promote Their Daily Physical Activities: A Case-Control Study","authors":"Y. Fujii","doi":"10.4236/aar.2020.96009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aar.2020.96009","url":null,"abstract":"Bedridden patients remain in bed for various reasons, such as chronic illness, old age, and disability, and they cannot perform self-care activities completely or partially. The provision of care for bedridden patients is a major issue in the aging population. Effective rehabilitation is associated with several factors such as cooperation between the patient and the medical staff, selection of effective facilities, and the financial burden. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect on the activities of daily living (ADL) of occlusion restoration using removable dentures in bedridden older people. This case-control study comprised 32 bedridden older patients who were divided into two groups as follows: denture (n = 18) and no-denture (n = 14). No rehabilitation was provided to any of the patients. The patients were evaluated 3 months after placing the denture, and the ADLs were compared between the two groups. Of the 18 bedridden patients who received removable dentures, 55.6% demonstrated improvements in the ADLs, and the effects persisted for at least 3 months. No improvement in the ADL was observed in the no-denture group. The results of this study suggested that adequate occlusal support can improve the ADL of the elderly. Thus, it is important to take care of oral health early in life in order to maintain oral health, which could help prevent the decrease in the ADL during the later stages of life.","PeriodicalId":56467,"journal":{"name":"老年问题研究(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42027374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Daily Life and Planning for the Future of Ageing People with Down Syndrome: Results from a National Study on Caregivers 唐氏综合症老年人的日常生活和未来规划:一项关于照顾者的全国性研究结果

老年问题研究(英文) Pub Date : 2020-11-09 DOI: 10.4236/aar.2020.96008

V. Covelli, Erika Guastafierro, M. Leonardi

{"title":"Daily Life and Planning for the Future of Ageing People with Down Syndrome: Results from a National Study on Caregivers","authors":"V. Covelli, Erika Guastafierro, M. Leonardi","doi":"10.4236/aar.2020.96008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aar.2020.96008","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Limited research concerns the study of continuity in the future of the physical and social status of elderly people with DS that is when people who take care of them will not be there anymore (“after we have gone”). Objective: From a biopsychosocial perspective, to investigate the daily life of ageing people with Down Syndrome over 45 years old in order to identify the most important issues in better planning for their future. Methods: A cross-sectional Italian national study was carried out. An ad hoc questionnaire was administered to formal and informal caregivers of aging people with Down Syndrome. Results: 136 family members and health professionals were involved. Most of the people with Down Syndrome live at home, attend a daily center and do many activities. Most of them had never worked and she/he is not at all autonomous. 25% of caregivers declared that, nowadays, there is not planning for the future, and 30.9% of participants who planned their future collected information when it occurred (e.g. when the parents pass away). Conclusions: The aging of people with DS requires attention to the planning of their future. In order to better plan, it is necessary to avoid programming “in emergency”, but for time, keeping in mind of the activities developed by the people, their abilities and all of the elements that have allowed them to live well up to a point of their life.","PeriodicalId":56467,"journal":{"name":"老年问题研究(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44814996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Association of Race and Change in Ankle-Brachial Index: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Cohort 种族与踝臂指数变化的相关性：社区动脉粥样硬化风险（ARIC）队列

老年问题研究(英文) Pub Date : 2020-09-30 DOI: 10.4236/AAR.2020.95007

E. Franey, D. Kritz-Silverstein, E. Richard, John E. Alcaraz, C. Nievergelt, R. Shaffer, V. Bhatnagar

{"title":"Association of Race and Change in Ankle-Brachial Index: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Cohort","authors":"E. Franey, D. Kritz-Silverstein, E. Richard, John E. Alcaraz, C. Nievergelt, R. Shaffer, V. Bhatnagar","doi":"10.4236/AAR.2020.95007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AAR.2020.95007","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study evaluates the association of self-reported race with change in ankle-brachial index (ABI) over time and modification of this association by paraoxonase gene (PON1, PON2 and PON3) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Methods: This longitudinal study included 11,992 (N = 2952 Black, N = 9040 White) participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort with PON genotyping. Mixed-effects models examined whether race was associated with change in ABI over time after adjustment for known peripheral artery disease (PAD) risk factors. Results: Change in ABI over time differed between Whites and Blacks (race-time interaction, p 0.0001). Stratified analyses showed that ABI values were better in both Blacks and Whites who completed high school or more education compared to those who completed less education. None of the PON SNPs met the significance level (p 0.001) after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Conclusions: ABI differences by race were small and although statistically significant, may not be clinically significant. Change in ABI over time varies by race and may be modified by education. Results suggest that higher education may influence the lifestyle and behavioral choices contributing to better ABI in both Blacks and Whites. Further studies are needed to confirm this observation.","PeriodicalId":56467,"journal":{"name":"老年问题研究(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42946161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Association between Clinical Characteristics and Quality of Life in Older People with Stroke at Hospital Discharge 老年脑卒中患者出院时临床特征与生活质量的关系

老年问题研究(英文) Pub Date : 2020-07-17 DOI: 10.4236/aar.2020.94006

Saisamorn Chaleoykitti, Werayuth Srithumsuk, Saitip Jaipong, Pinthusorn Pattayakorn, Kattiya Podimuang

{"title":"Association between Clinical Characteristics and Quality of Life in Older People with Stroke at Hospital Discharge","authors":"Saisamorn Chaleoykitti, Werayuth Srithumsuk, Saitip Jaipong, Pinthusorn Pattayakorn, Kattiya Podimuang","doi":"10.4236/aar.2020.94006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aar.2020.94006","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The number of people with stroke increases \u0000worldwide. The stroke survivors live with disabilities and those influence \u0000their quality of life (QOL). This study was aimed to investigate the \u0000association between clinical characteristics and QOL of the older people with stroke at discharge \u0000from the hospital. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The participants \u0000were 113 stroke survivors aged 60 years and older admitted to the stroke unit. \u0000Quality of life was the study’s outcome which measured by using the abbreviated \u0000version of the World Health \u0000Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF). Primary clinical characteristics \u0000were measured by the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Barthel Index (BI), and Modified \u0000Rankin Scale (mRS). Potential confounding \u0000factors were age, sex, education levels, marital status, current occupation, and comorbidity (hypertension, \u0000diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and \u0000heart disease). Multiple linear regression was used for data analysis. Results: The main effects of clinical outcomes were high BI Score that had a significant \u0000difference association with QOL (β = 0.312, \u000095% CI = 0.042, 0.296, P = 0.009), \u0000lower mRS score also had significant difference association with QOL (β= -0.371, 95%CI = Ǉ.394, ǃ.162, P = 0.003) after all adjusting. Additional risk factor in this study was \u0000marital status (currently married) (β= 0.155, \u000095% CI = 0.226, 8.666, P = 0.039). Conclusion: Low function status and severe stroke disability as the clinical \u0000characteristics were associated with QOL in older people with stroke at \u0000hospital discharge. An additional factor was marital status (currently married).","PeriodicalId":56467,"journal":{"name":"老年问题研究(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45354580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The Effects of Standardized Ginkgo Biloba Extracts (GBE) on Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) in Middle-Aged Adults: A Review 标准银杏叶提取物对中老年人主观认知能力下降的影响

老年问题研究(英文) Pub Date : 2020-05-29 DOI: 10.4236/aar.2020.93005

J. Gruenwald, A. Eckert, R. Kressig

{"title":"The Effects of Standardized Ginkgo Biloba Extracts (GBE) on Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) in Middle-Aged Adults: A Review","authors":"J. Gruenwald, A. Eckert, R. Kressig","doi":"10.4236/aar.2020.93005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aar.2020.93005","url":null,"abstract":"Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is defined as the presence of self-reported cognitive complaints with unimpaired performance in neuropsychological cognitive tests. SCD has been identified as a precursor of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and potentially represents the earliest clinical sign of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Standardized extracts of Ginkgo biloba (GBE) are widely used as a treatment for cognitive impairment. Nonetheless, most of the available review articles focus on the effects of GBE in MCI and dementia but not in SCD and its specific cognitive effects. Thus, this review collects and discusses the available published clinical data for the effects of standardized GBE on the early stages of cognitive decline among an age group where SCD becomes a topic—the middle-aged adults. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs), systematic reviews and meta-analyses of standardized GBEs in cognitive decline subjects were searched using PubMed/MEDLINE, Science direct, Cochrane, and Google Scholar until January 2019. Data from relevant RCT were critically evaluated to determine the potential effects of GBE on SCD. The results showed that the number of available GBE studies on SCD is small. Eight studies were selected in which subjects reported memory impairment, in some cases with concerns (worries), and with an average age at onset SCD of 60 years. Six studies gave a proof of efficacy for GBE for the treatment of SCD in at least one cognitive parameter. One study is inconclusive, however, a post-hoc analysis demonstrates efficacy in preventing AD with intake >4 years. The most common GBE dosage used was 240 mg GBE/day over a minimum period of 8 weeks. Hence, there might be beneficial effects of GBE to prevent, improve or delay SCD in the generation of 50 years or older. However, larger, well-defined RCTs using SCD criteria are necessary to further substantiate this effect in SCD subjects.","PeriodicalId":56467,"journal":{"name":"老年问题研究(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43856791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Relationships between Tongue and Lip Movement and Physical Fitness among Independent Community-Dwelling Elderly in Japan 日本独立居住社区老年人舌唇运动与体质的关系

老年问题研究(英文) Pub Date : 2020-02-25 DOI: 10.4236/aar.2020.92004

J. Ouchi, Y. Hayashi, M. Matsubara, Kaoru Fukura, Kumiko Miyata, Michiyo Yamamoto

{"title":"Relationships between Tongue and Lip Movement and Physical Fitness among Independent Community-Dwelling Elderly in Japan","authors":"J. Ouchi, Y. Hayashi, M. Matsubara, Kaoru Fukura, Kumiko Miyata, Michiyo Yamamoto","doi":"10.4236/aar.2020.92004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aar.2020.92004","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The present study aims to examine the association between tongue and \u0000lip movement and physical fitness with a sample of independent \u0000community-dwelling elderly. Methods: A total of 119 older adults living in a \u0000city of Japan participated in this study. Tongue and lip movement was evaluated \u0000with oral diadochokinesis (ODK) rate for the syllable “pa”, “ta”, and “ka” \u0000measured by counting syllable repetitions within one second. Physical fitness \u0000was objectively evaluated with the Timed-Up and Go Test (TUG) and the 30-Second Chair Stand Test \u0000(CS-30). Subjective physical fitness was also assessed with a Physical \u0000Component Summary score (PCS) of the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). \u0000Partial correlation coefficients between ODK rates and physical fitness \u0000measures were obtained after adjusting the effects of age and the number of \u0000present teeth. Results: There were significant differences in ODK rates for the \u0000syllable “ta” and “ka” between the participants aged 65 - 74 and 75 \u0000or older. Significant differences in all the physical fitness measures were \u0000also observed in the two age groups. Partial correlation analysis with age and \u0000number of present teeth as covariates yielded significant correlations of ODK \u0000rates to TUG and PCS, but not with CS-30. Conclusion: Older adults whose \u0000functional mobility declined tended to maintain the movement of tongue and \u0000lips. Moreover, those who perceived declining physical fitness also tended to \u0000show a decline of tongue and lip movement. Thus, the present study added some knowledge on the \u0000relationships between general physical fitness and tongue and lip movement. It \u0000also made several suggestions for future interventions based on the findings.","PeriodicalId":56467,"journal":{"name":"老年问题研究(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41688478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0