老年问题研究(英文)最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of a Downloadable Application with Avatar Guidance for PT-Prescribed Home Exercise after Total Knee Arthroplasty: A 30-Day Usability and Feasibility Study","authors":"J. Carmichael, S. Flynn, T. Struessel, S. Bini, M. Bade, J. Stevens-Lapsley","doi":"10.4236/aar.2022.114008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aar.2022.114008","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To explore the usability and feasibility of a downloadable application (APP) compared to paper handouts (CONTROL) in guiding 30 days of PT-prescribed home exercise after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and to compare functional outcomes at 30 days postoperatively between APP and CONTROL. Design: Randomized controlled usability and feasibility study. Setting: Rehabilitation laboratories at two regional medical centers. Participants: Individuals with knee osteoarthritis undergoing unilateral TKA (APP group: N = 26; mean age, 67.0 ± 8.2 y; CONTROL group: N = 31; mean age, 64.7 ± 7.7 y). Interventions: This study assessed the user experience of a downloadable app to guide 30 days of home exercises and instruction after TKA and compared exploratory outcomes to a group using paper handouts. Main Outcome Measures: The System Usability Scale (SUS) score was used to assess patient usability experience. Raw SUS scores were dichotomized (≥72% or <72%) to determine app usability against a 75% a priori criterion for mean APP group score. Feasibility for app use was similarly evaluated in the APP group only through a priori criteria applied to computing device ownership and study use, to the absence of technology-based barriers to participation, and to completion of app-based testing. Exploratory measures compared change from baseline to 30 days for functional and patient-reported outcomes between APP and CONTROL. Results: The APP group’s mean SUS score of 79.2% at 30 days exceeded the 75% threshold for good usability. The app met the predetermined a priori feasibility criteria for absence of technology-based barriers to participation (75% of participants) and completion of app-based testing (91.3% of participants). Personal computing devices were used by 71.4% of APP participants, which was below the 75% a priori feasibility criterion. No differences between the APP and CONTROL groups were observed for functional or patient-reported outcomes. Conclusions: The app-based platform met the a priori criteria for usability for 79% of APP participants. Our findings suggest that app-based, avatar-guided home exercise after TKA has acceptable usability and feasibility. The app-guided patient assessment capability also demonstrates preliminary feasibility for guiding and administering functional and self-reported outcomes assessments.","PeriodicalId":56467,"journal":{"name":"老年问题研究(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70448090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of Associated Diseases in Older Patients with Cardiovascular Disease","authors":"Shrooq S. Alyami, A. Algharbi, S. Alsuwaidan","doi":"10.4236/aar.2022.116011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aar.2022.116011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56467,"journal":{"name":"老年问题研究(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70448164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neck Motion Restriction Negatively Affects Turning Stability in Community-Dwelling Older Adults with and without a History of Falls","authors":"Luzit Hadad, H. Cohen, Netta Kram, Zvi Kozol","doi":"10.4236/aar.2022.112004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aar.2022.112004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56467,"journal":{"name":"老年问题研究(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70447979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The New Social and Identitary Models of Old People—<i>Deepening the Concept of Successful Ageing</i>","authors":"Alejandro Klein","doi":"10.4236/aar.2022.114007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aar.2022.114007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56467,"journal":{"name":"老年问题研究(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70448035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-Related Differences in Coupling of Toe and Center of Pressure during the One-Legged Stance","authors":"Yoichiro Sato, Akito Kawaguchi","doi":"10.4236/aar.2022.115009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aar.2022.115009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56467,"journal":{"name":"老年问题研究(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70448097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of Body Composition and Relationship between Muscle Mass and Muscle Strength among Elderly Women in Different Age Groups","authors":"Nao Nishioka Nishi, N. Tanaka, Naomi Hirano","doi":"10.4236/aar.2022.115010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aar.2022.115010","url":null,"abstract":"Age-related changes in the body composition of older adults differ among age groups. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the characteristics of body compositions in young (age, 65 - 74 years; yE group) and old (age, ≥75 years; oE group) elderly women, and compare the relationship between muscle mass and strength in elderly women with that in young women for pre-venting motor function loss in older adults. A total of 30 elderly and 45 young women aged ≥ 65 and 19 - 22 years, respectively, participated in this study. The participants underwent body composition measurement via bioelectrical impedance analysis and examinations of handgrip and leg muscle strength. The age-related body composition changes varied among age groups. Compared with young women, fat-free mass (FFM) in the yE group did not decrease significantly; however, fat mass (FM) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were significantly greater. Compared with the yE group, decreases in FFM, FM, and WHR in the oE group were significant; furthermore, the decrease in FM measurements was attributed to the loss of FM in the trunk and limbs (upper and lower). The measurement results suggested that the greater FM decrease in the oE group was characterized by decreases in both visceral and subcutaneous fat. In the yE group, the muscle mass was comparable to that in young women; however, there was a remarkable reduction in the lower-limb muscle flected in muscle strength. In conclusion, for improving and maintaining the health of elderly women, especially those above the age of 75 years, it is important to maintain muscle mass, including muscle strength, and prevent the loss of muscle quality.","PeriodicalId":56467,"journal":{"name":"老年问题研究(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70448104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Cross Generational COVID-19 Attitudes and Behaviors","authors":"Regula H Robnett, T. Meuser, Stephen Cheng, Danny Thai, Dechen Tuladhar, McGyver Poulin","doi":"10.4236/aar.2021.105007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aar.2021.105007","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has presented extraordinary challenges that have \u0000tested the resolve of the world and transformed our daily lives. We sought to \u0000capture COVID-related attitudes and behaviors of older adults and relate these to views of adolescents from a \u0000national study in the USA. Methods: This mixed-methods online \u0000survey accepted responses from adult volunteers, age 55+, from April to July \u00002020 (N = 223). We used a snowball approach to recruitment initiated in the \u0000state of Maine (USA). Results: Older respondents tended to report \u0000congruent attitudes concerning COVID-19 risks and associated preventative \u0000behaviors. Most reported taking Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u0000guidance seriously. In contrast, adolescents surveyed in a prior study reported \u0000similar adherence, but less concern. Thematic review of open-ended responses \u0000highlights key intergenerational similarities and differences. Discussion: COVID-19 has changed day-to-day life in myriad ways. Attitudes vary within and \u0000between age groups. Further research could focus on intergenerational \u0000differences in motivations underlying behaviors as well as differing needs for \u0000public health education and support.","PeriodicalId":56467,"journal":{"name":"老年问题研究(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48609259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Water Immersion in Different Water Depths on Respiratory Function and Respiratory Muscle Strength among Elderly People: An Observational Study","authors":"Yoshihiro Yamashina, T. Hirayama, H. Aoyama, Hirofumi Hori, Emiko Morita, Nami Sakagami, Wataru Nanikawa, S. Terada, M. Goto, K. Tabira","doi":"10.4236/aar.2021.104004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aar.2021.104004","url":null,"abstract":"The aim \u0000was to investigate the effect of three water levels (umbilical, 4th rib, and clavicular) on the respiratory function and respiratory muscle \u0000strength among elderly. Spirometry and respiratory strength were measured on \u0000land as baseline data. Next, water depth conditions were determined randomly, \u0000and spirometry and respiratory muscle strength were measured at each water \u0000level. The Vital Capacity and Expiratory reserve volume in the clavicular level \u0000were significantly lower than those in the land and umbilical trials. No \u0000significant difference was observed in other respiratory functions. Chest \u0000circumference and respiratory muscle strength were not significantly different \u0000among all conditions.","PeriodicalId":56467,"journal":{"name":"老年问题研究(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45755157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insilico Identification of Genes and Molecular Pathways during Aging in Drosophila Brain","authors":"Arpita Parakh, D. Begde, N. Dhingra, D. Sinha","doi":"10.4236/aar.2021.104005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aar.2021.104005","url":null,"abstract":"The regulation of gene expression in brain \u0000vicissitudes during aging is still not much known and explored. Differential \u0000gene expression and regulation is a key factor involved to identify the \u0000important landmarks within the brain transcriptome to study neuronal aging. \u0000Recently, transcriptomic studies are highly explored to understand and depict \u0000diseased versus normal as next generation sequencing enables to capture the complete biological context to the entire genome. Study \u0000of gene expression during aging compared to young flies provides a signature \u0000and scenario of gene expression and regulation during aging. In this study, we took advantage of NGS raw data of young and old flies head from SRA \u0000database of NCBI and decrypted the gene expression regulation during normal \u0000aging in drosophila model. We identified 350 genes with significant \u0000differential expression between young and old flies having 0.01% FDR. Various \u0000pathways in context to identified genes which are involved in aging include \u0000autophagy i.e. cell death and \u0000apoptosis, proteolysis, oxidative stress, declination grey and white matter and neurotransmitter levels, \u0000mitochondrial discrepancy, electron transport chain, sugar degradation \u0000pathways, activation of transcription factors involved in epigenetic changes, \u0000regulators involved in negative and positive regulation WNT signaling pathways, \u0000G protein coupled receptor etc. as all these factors contribute to \u0000neurodegeneration and possibly dementia in normal aging. So, to find the \u0000specific genes and regulators which are differentially expressed in normal \u0000aging, we investigate brain transcriptome of normal aging flies compared to \u0000young flies which offer a repertoire of genes, regulators and factors involved \u0000in network of neurodegeneration to establish direct correlation between aging \u0000and dementia. We also identified the pathways which are involved in aging and \u0000corresponding gene regulation in these pathways in aging flies brain. It is \u0000found that there are some common pathways whose genes and regulators are highly \u0000differentially regulated in both aging and dementia.","PeriodicalId":56467,"journal":{"name":"老年问题研究(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47028154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of Depression with the Functional Profile of Elderly People Living in Homes for the Aged","authors":"A. Sancho, Ataiane de Lima Silva, Leonela Ribeiro de Paula, Jo, O. D. S. Rosa, lvaro Camilo de Faria, S. Neves, D. H. Zidde, M. V. M. Pinto, Aline Ronis Sampaio, M. Baron","doi":"10.4236/AAR.2021.103003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AAR.2021.103003","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Due to the growth of the elderly population, there is a notable lack of preparation among family members and society to face the challenges of this new reality, resulting in an increasing demand for homes for the aged (HA). It is necessary to understand how the impairment of physical health, mental health and the level of depression can affect the functional capacity of the institutionalized elderly who live in homes for the aged. Objective: To describe the correlation between depression and functionality of elderly people who live in homes for the aged. Method: A cross-sectional, descriptive study with 70 elderly people of both sexes, aged 60 years or older, who live in HA in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Result: It was verified that the female gender was predominant in the HA consulted. The majority of elderly live in HA voluntarily 48.6% and that 41.43% did not complete elementary school. The majority of the elderly 81.43% had the ability to perform basic activities of daily living and the elderly 52.86% had normal psychological pictures. The worsening of the depressive picture is associated with the worse functioning of elderly who live in HA (p < 0.02). Conclusion: Depression is a factor that is associated with the functional capacity of the institutionalized elderly. The worse the functional level of the institutionalized elderly, the greater the chances of presenting a depressive state.","PeriodicalId":56467,"journal":{"name":"老年问题研究(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48265869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}